【Android測試】【第七節】Monkey——源碼淺談


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    轉載請注明出處:http://www.cnblogs.com/by-dream/p/4713466.html

 

 

前言


   根據上一篇我們學會了Monkey的用法,知道了Monkey可以非常容易的模擬偽隨機的模擬事件。也許有的時候我們想讓他稍微智能化一些,例如只在某個屏幕范圍產生偽隨機事件,或者說是只對某些指定Activity進行操作,這樣就需要我們對Monkey進行改良了。而改良必須去改Monkey的源碼,因此本節課們就簡單的說說Monkey的源碼。

  源碼下載地址:https://code.google.com/p/android-source-browsing/source/browse/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/?repo=platform--development&name=android-cts-4.2_r2  ( 這里只是Monkey的源碼,如果要編譯Monkey需要下載Android的源碼 )

  

概述


  如果你真的打算改造一個屬於你的Monkey,那么過程必須要做的是:

  1、下載Android源碼

  2、閱讀Monkey源碼如果需要修改代碼

  3、代碼編譯

  4、運行Monkey

  本節內容主要針對第二部分的 “閱讀Monkey源碼”,其他的1、3、4 部分會在另外一篇“只允許注冊用戶訪問的”的番外篇里進行介紹,因為這部分有些內容不是本人原創,因此對博客進行了加密處理,以免侵犯到源作者的權利,如需交流這部分內容,請留言給我。

 

Monkey源碼


      Monkey的入口在 Monkey.java中:

 /**
     * Command-line entry point.
     *
     * @param args The command-line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set the process name showing in "ps" or "top"
        Process.setArgV0("com.android.commands.monkey");

        int resultCode = (new Monkey()).run(args);
        System.exit(resultCode);
    }

  第一句的意思就是在 shell 命令行下 使用 ps | grep com.**.monkey 就找到正在運行的monkey進程

  第二句是后續的內容,我們繼續看后續干了什么。

    /**
     * Run the command!
     *
     * @param args The command-line arguments
     * @return Returns a posix-style result code. 0 for no error.
     */
    private int run(String[] args) {
        // Super-early debugger wait
        for (String s : args) {
            if ("--wait-dbg".equals(s)) {
                Debug.waitForDebugger();
            }
        }

        // Default values for some command-line options
        mVerbose = 0;
        mCount = 1000;
        mSeed = 0;
        mThrottle = 0;

        // prepare for command-line processing
        mArgs = args;
        mNextArg = 0;

        // set a positive value, indicating none of the factors is provided yet
        for (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {
            mFactors[i] = 1.0f;
        }

        if (!processOptions()) {
            return -1;
        }

        if (!loadPackageLists()) {
            return -1;
        }

        // now set up additional data in preparation for launch
        if (mMainCategories.size() == 0) {
            mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
            mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY);
        }

        if (mVerbose > 0) {
            System.out.println(":Monkey: seed=" + mSeed + " count=" + mCount);
            if (mValidPackages.size() > 0) {
                Iterator<String> it = mValidPackages.iterator();
                while (it.hasNext()) {
                    System.out.println(":AllowPackage: " + it.next());
                }
            }
            if (mInvalidPackages.size() > 0) {
                Iterator<String> it = mInvalidPackages.iterator();
                while (it.hasNext()) {
                    System.out.println(":DisallowPackage: " + it.next());
                }
            }
            if (mMainCategories.size() != 0) {
                Iterator<String> it = mMainCategories.iterator();
                while (it.hasNext()) {
                    System.out.println(":IncludeCategory: " + it.next());
                }
            }
        }

        if (!checkInternalConfiguration()) {
            return -2;
        }

        if (!getSystemInterfaces()) {
            return -3;
        }

        if (!getMainApps()) {
            return -4;
        }

        mRandom = new SecureRandom();
        mRandom.setSeed((mSeed == 0) ? -1 : mSeed);

        if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() == 1) {
            // script mode, ignore other options
            mEventSource = new MonkeySourceScript(mRandom, mScriptFileNames.get(0), mThrottle,
                    mRandomizeThrottle, mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime);
            mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);

            mCountEvents = false;
        } else if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() > 1) {
            if (mSetupFileName != null) {
                mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mSetupFileName,
                        mScriptFileNames, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
                        mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
                mCount++;
            } else {
                mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mScriptFileNames,
                        mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
                        mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
            }
            mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
            mCountEvents = false;
        } else if (mServerPort != -1) {
            try {
                mEventSource = new MonkeySourceNetwork(mServerPort);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("Error binding to network socket.");
                return -5;
            }
            mCount = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        } else {
            // random source by default
            if (mVerbose >= 2) { // check seeding performance
                System.out.println("// Seeded: " + mSeed);
            }
            mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle);
            mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
            // set any of the factors that has been set
            for (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {
                if (mFactors[i] <= 0.0f) {
                    ((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);
                }
            }

            // in random mode, we start with a random activity
            ((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).generateActivity();
        }

        // validate source generator
        if (!mEventSource.validate()) {
            return -5;
        }

        // If we're profiling, do it immediately before/after the main monkey
        // loop
        if (mGenerateHprof) {
            signalPersistentProcesses();
        }

        mNetworkMonitor.start();
        int crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();
        mNetworkMonitor.stop();

        synchronized (this) {
            if (mRequestAnrTraces) {
                reportAnrTraces();
                mRequestAnrTraces = false;
            }
            if (mRequestAnrBugreport){
                System.out.println("Print the anr report");
                getBugreport("anr_" + mReportProcessName + "_");
                mRequestAnrBugreport = false;
            }
            if (mRequestAppCrashBugreport){
                getBugreport("app_crash" + mReportProcessName + "_");
                mRequestAppCrashBugreport = false;
            }
            if (mRequestDumpsysMemInfo) {
                reportDumpsysMemInfo();
                mRequestDumpsysMemInfo = false;
            }
            if (mRequestPeriodicBugreport){
                getBugreport("Bugreport_");
                mRequestPeriodicBugreport = false;
            }
        }

        if (mGenerateHprof) {
            signalPersistentProcesses();
            if (mVerbose > 0) {
                System.out.println("// Generated profiling reports in /data/misc");
            }
        }

        try {
            mAm.setActivityController(null);
            mNetworkMonitor.unregister(mAm);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // just in case this was latent (after mCount cycles), make sure
            // we report it
            if (crashedAtCycle >= mCount) {
                crashedAtCycle = mCount - 1;
            }
        }

        // report dropped event stats
        if (mVerbose > 0) {
            System.out.print(":Dropped: keys=");
            System.out.print(mDroppedKeyEvents);
            System.out.print(" pointers=");
            System.out.print(mDroppedPointerEvents);
            System.out.print(" trackballs=");
            System.out.print(mDroppedTrackballEvents);
            System.out.print(" flips=");
            System.out.println(mDroppedFlipEvents);
        }

        // report network stats
        mNetworkMonitor.dump();

        if (crashedAtCycle < mCount - 1) {
            System.err.println("** System appears to have crashed at event " + crashedAtCycle
                    + " of " + mCount + " using seed " + mSeed);
            return crashedAtCycle;
        } else {
            if (mVerbose > 0) {
                System.out.println("// Monkey finished");
            }
            return 0;
        }
    }
run

  這個run中的內容基本就是Monkey運行的流程,主要做了:

  1、處理命令行參數

if (!processOptions()) {
            return -1;
        }

    沒有什么特殊的地方,主要是針對下面這張圖里我們用到的參數進行一個統計和預處理。

  

  2、處理要拉起的應用程序的Activity:

    我們在運行Monkey的時候,如果指定了“ -p 包名 ”,那么Monkey一定會拉起這個App的第一個Activity,這個究竟是怎么實現的呢?就是借助Intent這個東西:

     // now set up additional data in preparation for launch
        if (mMainCategories.size() == 0) {
            mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
            mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY);
        }

 

  3、處理Source模塊:

    Source模塊,以MonkeyEventSource為接口,衍生出三種Source類:MonkeySourceRandom類(隨機生成事件)、MonkeySourceScript(從腳本獲取事件)、MonkeySourceNetwork(從網絡獲取事件)。    

      if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() == 1) {
            // script mode, ignore other options
            mEventSource = new MonkeySourceScript(mRandom, mScriptFileNames.get(0), mThrottle,
                    mRandomizeThrottle, mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime);
            mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);

            mCountEvents = false;
        } else if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() > 1) {
            if (mSetupFileName != null) {
                mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mSetupFileName,
                        mScriptFileNames, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
                        mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
                mCount++;
            } else {
                mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mScriptFileNames,
                        mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
                        mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
            }
            mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
            mCountEvents = false;
        } else if (mServerPort != -1) {
            try {
                mEventSource = new MonkeySourceNetwork(mServerPort);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("Error binding to network socket.");
                return -5;
            }
            mCount = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        } else {
            // random source by default
            if (mVerbose >= 2) { // check seeding performance
                System.out.println("// Seeded: " + mSeed);
            }
            mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle);
            mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
            // set any of the factors that has been set
            for (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {
                if (mFactors[i] <= 0.0f) {
                    ((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);
                }
            }

            // in random mode, we start with a random activity
            ((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).generateActivity();
        }

    這部分只要是來判斷Monkey的事件源來自何方,根據這些事件的來源,由不同的類做處理。MonkeySourceRandom事件的來源就是我們在命令行輸入參數后的偽隨機壓力測試;MonkeySourceScript事件來源於Monkey識別的一種腳本,事實上Monkey也可以做到通過腳本指定位置點擊,滑動等操作,但是該腳本的可讀性非常的差,編寫不易,因此這里我也沒有介紹;第三種MonkeySourceNetwork來自於后面我們要講的Monkeyrunner,Monkeyrunner通過socket將一些要處理的事件發給Monkey,由Monkey來完成最后的處理。

 

  4、循環處理事件:

        mNetworkMonitor.start();
        int crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();
        mNetworkMonitor.stop();    

    主要看看 runMonkeyCycles() 這個函數主要做了什么:

    /** 
     * Run mCount cycles and see if we hit any crashers. 
     * <p> 
     * TODO: Meta state on keys 
     * 
     * @return Returns the last cycle which executed. If the value == mCount, no 
     *         errors detected. 
     */  
    private int runMonkeyCycles() {  
        int eventCounter = 0;  
        int cycleCounter = 0;  
  
        boolean shouldReportAnrTraces = false;  
        boolean shouldReportDumpsysMemInfo = false;  
        boolean shouldAbort = false;  
        boolean systemCrashed = false;  
  
        // TO DO : The count should apply to each of the script file.  
        while (!systemCrashed && cycleCounter < mCount) {  
                ...  
            MonkeyEvent ev = mEventSource.getNextEvent();  
            if (ev != null) {  
                int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);  
                ...  
             }  
        ...  
        }  
       ....  
}  

    這里涉及到了一個重要的東西就是MonkeyEvent。

    以MonkeyEvent為基類,衍生出各種Event類,如Monkey中常見的點擊,輸入,滑動事件;

    那么一個點擊的操作究竟是怎么進行下去的呢?我們可以到上面調用的是injectEvent,這個方法是由基類定義的,每一個子類去實現不同的內容,點擊、滑動等這個方法都是通過第一個參數一個iWindowManager的對象而完成的,當然也有不需要這個參數,例如MonkeyThrottleEvent這個類的實現方法,根本沒有用到iwm:

@Override  
public int injectEvent(IWindowManager iwm, IActivityManager iam, int verbose) {  
  
    if (verbose > 1) {  
        System.out.println("Sleeping for " + mThrottle + " milliseconds");  
    }  
    try {  
        Thread.sleep(mThrottle);  
    } catch (InterruptedException e1) {  
        System.out.println("** Monkey interrupted in sleep.");  
        return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_FAIL;  
    }  
      
    return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_SUCCESS;  
}  

    那么這個iWindowManager的對象究竟是什么呢?這個事系統隱藏的一個接口,通過這個接口可以注入一些操作事件,那么我們以后是不是也可以用這個接口來進行事件的注入呢?答案是no,為什么呢?我們來看看:

    谷歌為了方便Monkey能夠輕松的完成一些點擊、滑動事件,因此在使用了這個系統隱藏的接口,Monkey這個應用擁有這個兩個獨特的權限:第一個是SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER這個權限,它允許monkey對activity的生命周期進行全權控制。第二個就是INJECT_EVENTS這個權限它允許monkey去模擬觸摸和按鍵事件。為了防止這個系統隱藏接口暴露出的漏洞,普通的App是不能請求到這些權限的,只有android系統同意的應用才會得到允許獲得這些權限。為了防止壞人使用Monkey來進行這個事件的注入,Monkey也只被允許root運行或者是shell這個組的成員運行。

 


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