[LeetCode] Simplify Path 簡化路徑

 

Given an absolute path for a file (Unix-style), simplify it.

For example,
path = "/home/", => "/home"
path = "/a/./b/../../c/", => "/c"

click to show corner cases.

Corner Cases:

 

• Did you consider the case where path = "/../"?
  In this case, you should return "/".
• Another corner case is the path might contain multiple slashes '/' together, such as "/home//foo/".
  In this case, you should ignore redundant slashes and return "/home/foo".

 

這道題讓簡化給定的路徑，光根據題目中給的那一個例子還真不太好總結出規律，應該再加上兩個例子 path = "/a/./b/../c/", => "/a/c"和path = "/a/./b/c/", => "/a/b/c"， 這樣我們就可以知道中間是"."的情況直接去掉，是".."時刪掉它上面挨着的一個路徑，而下面的邊界條件給的一些情況中可以得知，如果是空的話返回"/"，如果有多個"/"只保留一個。那么我們可以把路徑看做是由一個或多個"/"分割開的眾多子字符串，把它們分別提取出來一一處理即可，代碼如下：

 

C++ 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    string simplifyPath(string path) {
        vector<string> v;
        int i = 0;
        while (i < path.size()) {
            while (path[i] == '/' && i < path.size()) ++i;
            if (i == path.size()) break;
            int start = i;
            while (path[i] != '/' && i < path.size()) ++i;
            int end = i - 1;
            string s = path.substr(start, end - start + 1);
            if (s == "..") {
                if (!v.empty()) v.pop_back(); 
            } else if (s != ".") {
                v.push_back(s);
            }
        }
        if (v.empty()) return "/";
        string res;
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
            res += '/' + v[i];
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

還有一種解法是利用了C語言中的函數strtok來分隔字符串，但是需要把string和char*類型相互轉換，轉換方法請猛戳這里。除了這塊不同，其余的思想和上面那種解法相同，代碼如下：

 

C 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    string simplifyPath(string path) {
        vector<string> v;
        char *cstr = new char[path.length() + 1];
        strcpy(cstr, path.c_str());
        char *pch = strtok(cstr, "/");
        while (pch != NULL) {
            string p = string(pch);
            if (p == "..") {
                if (!v.empty()) v.pop_back();
            } else if (p != ".") {
                v.push_back(p);
            }
            pch = strtok(NULL, "/");
        }
        if (v.empty()) return "/";
        string res;
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
            res += '/' + v[i];
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

C++中也有專門處理字符串的機制，我們可以使用stringstream來分隔字符串，然后對每一段分別處理，思路和上面的方法相似，參見代碼如下：

 

C++ 解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    string simplifyPath(string path) {
        string res, t;
        stringstream ss(path);
        vector<string> v;
        while (getline(ss, t, '/')) {
            if (t == "" || t == ".") continue;
            if (t == ".." && !v.empty()) v.pop_back();
            else if (t != "..") v.push_back(t);
        }
        for (string s : v) res += "/" + s;
        return res.empty() ? "/" : res;
    }
};

 

Java 解法二：

public class Solution {
    public String simplifyPath(String path) {
        Stack<String> s = new Stack<>();
        String[] p = path.split("/");
        for (String t : p) {
            if (!s.isEmpty() && t.equals("..")) {
                s.pop();
            } else if (!t.equals(".") && !t.equals("") && !t.equals("..")) {
                s.push(t);
            }
        }
        List<String> list = new ArrayList(s);
        return "/" + String.join("/", list);
    }
}

 

參考資料：

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/8678/c-10-lines-solution

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/7675/java-10-lines-solution-with-stack

 

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