操作環境：Citrix虛擬化環境中申請一個Linux6.4主機(模板)
目標：創建單機11g + ASM存儲 數據庫
- 1. 主機准備
- 2. 創建ORACLE 用戶和組成員
- 3. 創建以下目錄並賦予對應權限
- 4. 設置oracle、grid用戶的環境變量
- 5. root用戶更改系統參數
- 6. 上傳Oracle安裝介質到/u01/tmp目錄下
- 7. 安裝grid組件
- 8. 根據上步執行的腳本輸出提示，確定單節點需要root用戶執行下面的命令
- 9. 使用asmca創建ASM 磁盤組
- 10. 安裝oralce軟件
- 11. 創建數據庫
- 12. 使用grid用戶創建監聽
- 13. 客戶端測試數據庫連接
- 14. 由於lv的權限在重啟后會變回root用戶，需要添加開機啟動腳本
- 15. 重啟測試
1. 主機准備
IP地址： 主機名：JY-DB 目錄：/u01 磁盤：從主機本地磁盤資源划分50G硬盤1個，從磁陣資源划分10G硬盤3個
1.1 檢查主機名和IP地址的映射：hostname -i
hostname vi /etc/sysconfig/network vi /etc/hosts
1.2 分配/u01目錄為oracle軟件安裝目錄，lv_asm1,lv_asm2,lv_asm3為ASM磁盤
/dev/xvdb 50G 格式化后掛載到/u01目錄
/dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf 各10G，不用格式化，給ASM使用
pvcreate /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf vgcreate ora_vg /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm1 ora_vg lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm2 ora_vg vgdisplay ora_vg lvcreate -l 2557 -n lv_asm3 ora_vg
在后面創建grid用戶后,創建ASM前,需要更改lv的磁盤權限
chown grid:asmadmin /dev/mapper/ora*
1.3 配置YUM，安裝依賴包
yum配置參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/3938290.html
yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh compat-libcap1
若之前安裝系統沒有安裝圖形，需要安裝圖形界面和xterm
yum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum install xterm
1.4 關閉系統防火牆開機啟動
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
2. 創建ORACLE 用戶和組成員
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd oper groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmdba groupadd asmoper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
分別指定oracle、grid用戶的密碼
passwd oracle passwd grid
3. 創建以下目錄並賦予對應權限
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app chmod -R 775 /u01/app
4. 設置oracle、grid用戶的環境變量
4.1 oracle用戶登陸: vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:. export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK export ORACLE_SID=jyzhao export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.
4.2 grid用戶登錄：vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:. export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:. export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
5. root用戶更改系統參數
5.1 vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 //一般設置為系統內存75%單位是字節 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
使設置立即生效： /sbin/sysctl -p
5.2 vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 grid soft nproc 2047 grid hard nproc 16384 grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536 grid soft stack 1024
5.3 vi /etc/pam.d/login
#oracle session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so
6. 上傳Oracle安裝介質到/u01/tmp目錄下
mkdir -p /u01/tmp p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
7. 安裝grid組件
#cd /u01/tmp/ #unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip #chown -R grid:oinstall grid Xmanager軟件用grid用戶登錄 $cd /u01/tmp/grid $./runInstaller
圖形界面安裝，最后root用戶執行兩個腳本，執行腳本的屏幕輸出如下：
# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. # /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= grid ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster execute the following command: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/config/config.sh This command launches the Grid Infrastructure Configuration Wizard. The wizard also supports silent operation, and the parameters can be passed through the response file that is available in the installation media.
8. 根據上步執行的腳本輸出提示，確定單節點需要root用戶執行下面的命令
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl
9. 使用asmca創建ASM 磁盤組
Xmanager軟件用grid用戶登錄
$asmca
10. 安裝oralce軟件
#cd /u01/tmp/ #unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip;unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip #chown -R oracle:oinstall database Xmanager軟件用oracle用戶登錄 $cd /u01/tmp/database/ $./runInstaller 圖形界面安裝，最后root用戶執行一個腳本 #/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
11. 創建數據庫
Xmanager軟件用oracle用戶登錄
$dbca
圖形界面建庫，Storage Type選擇ASM，+DATA1磁盤組，數據庫字符集根據實際情況選擇。
12. 使用grid用戶創建監聽
Xmanager軟件用grid用戶登錄
$netca
13. 客戶端測試數據庫連接
ping IP地址
tnsping IP地址
sqlplus system/oracle@IP地址/jyzhao
14. 由於lv的權限在重啟后會變回root用戶，需要添加開機啟動腳本
vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local chown grid:asmadmin /dev/mapper/ora* 創建rc.local的鏈接文件 ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/S999rc.local && ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S999rc.local && ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S999rc.local && ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S999rc.local && ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S999rc.local && ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S999rc.local
15. 重啟測試
15.1 關閉數據庫
# su - oracle $ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 12 14:14:38 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL>
15.2 關閉has
$ su - grid Password: $ crsctl stop has CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'jy-db' CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'jy-db' CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'jy-db' succeeded CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db' succeeded CRS-2679: Attempting to clean 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db' CRS-2681: Clean of 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db' succeeded CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'jy-db' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'jy-db' succeeded CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-db' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-db' succeeded CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'jy-db' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'jy-db' succeeded CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'jy-db' has completed CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
15.3 重啟主機
# sync # sync # sync # shutdown -Fr now Broadcast message from root@JY-DB (/dev/pts/0) at 14:20 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW!
15.4主機啟動后，查看crs狀態
# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stat res -t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Local Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.DATA1.dg ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE jy-db Started ora.ons OFFLINE OFFLINE jy-db -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cluster Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.cssd 1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.diskmon 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.evmd 1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.jyzhao.db 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
15.5 啟動數據庫
# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/srvctl start database -d jyzhao # /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stat res -t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Local Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.DATA1.dg ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE jy-db Started ora.ons OFFLINE OFFLINE jy-db -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cluster Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.cssd 1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.diskmon 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.evmd 1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-db ora.jyzhao.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-db Open
15.6 客戶端測試
C:\Users\Alfred>sqlplus system/oracle@IP地址/jyzhao SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 3月 12 14:27:12 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. 連接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL>
至此，Linux平台oracle 11g單實例 + ASM存儲 安裝部署全部完成。