首先引入框架：QuartzCore.framework
在頭文件聲明：CALayer *logoLayer
{
//界限
CABasicAnimation *boundsAnimation = [CABasicAnimationanimationWithKeyPath:@"bounds"];
boundsAnimation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect: logoLayer.bounds];
boundsAnimation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:CGRectZero];
//透明度變化
CABasicAnimation *opacityAnimation = [CABasicAnimationanimationWithKeyPath:@"opacity"];
opacityAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
opacityAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.5];
//位置移動
CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
animation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint: logoLayer.position];
CGPoint toPoint = logoLayer.position;
toPoint.x += 180;
animation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:toPoint];
//旋轉動畫
CABasicAnimation* rotationAnimation =
[CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.z"];//"z"還可以是“x”“y”，表示沿z軸旋轉
rotationAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:(2 * M_PI) * 3];
// 3 is the number of 360 degree rotations
// Make the rotation animation duration slightly less than the other animations to give it the feel
// that it pauses at its largest scale value
rotationAnimation.duration = 2.0f;
rotationAnimation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]; //緩入緩出
//縮放動畫
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0];
scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
scaleAnimation.duration = 2.0f;
scaleAnimation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
CAAnimationGroup *animationGroup = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
animationGroup.duration = 2.0f;
animationGroup.autoreverses = YES; //是否重播，原動畫的倒播
animationGroup.repeatCount = NSNotFound;//HUGE_VALF; //HUGE_VALF,源自math.h
[animationGroup setAnimations:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:rotationAnimation, scaleAnimation, nil]];
//將上述兩個動畫編組
[logoLayer addAnimation:animationGroup forKey:@"animationGroup"];
}
//去掉所有動畫
[logoLayer removeAllAnimations];
//去掉key動畫
[logoLayer removeAnimationForKey:@"animationGroup"];
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【學習】iPhone/iOS Core Animation開發總結(CALayer)
轉載自 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_949e2b3f0101gtxv.html
一.重要參數
bounds,frame,position屬於基本的幾何定位，相互之間數值變化會相互影響
anchorPoint:單位參數(0-1)表示，變形(transform)時候的變換源點
zPosition:相當於css中z-index的概念，Apple建議不要用這個來替代CALayer層次設置。
cornerRadius:圓角
二.幾何變形(Transforming a Layer's Geometry)
1.用CATransform3D系列方法
//將CGAffineTransform轉換成CATransform3D
layer1_1.transform=CATransform3DMakeAffineTransform(CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1, -1));
//CATransform3D系列方法
layer1_1.transform=CATransform3DMakeScale(-1, 1, 1);
layer1_1.transform=CATransform3DScale(CATransform3DMakeScale(-2, 1, 1), -1, 1, 1);
layer1_1.transform=CATransform3DIdentity;
2.修改CATransform3D的data structure
CATransform3D trans=CATransform3DIdentity;
NSLog(@"%f",trans.m44);
//不能是1除以，一定要1.0除以1000(zDistance)
//wrong trans.m34=1/100.00
trans.m34=-1.0/1000;
trans = CATransform3DTranslate(trans, 0, 0, -240);
trans = CATransform3DRotate(trans, d2r(90), 1, 0, 0);
trans = CATransform3DTranslate(trans, 0, 0, 240);
[layer1 setTransform:trans];
3.key-valre設置key Paths(rotation,scale,translation)
[layer1 setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:200] forKeyPath:@"transform.translation.x"];
三.Layer數層結構(Layer-Tree Hierarchy)
1.add,insert,remove,replace來進行樹狀結構的構建
2.重置(Reposition and Resizing)layer
a)你可以通過修改第一點提到的幾個參數來調整大小。
b)needsDisplayOnBoundsChange設置YES,則在bounds變化時，自動調用setNeedsDisplay,調 用layer的display的方法，或者直接顯示調用setNeedsDisplay(不能使用setNeedsDisplayInRect)，也會調 用自定義layer的display方法。或者是setNeesLayout,調用layer的layoutSubLayers。(PS:無法使用 layoutManager和autoResizingMask方法，這個是Mac OS上的方法。)
c)在UIView的layoutSubviews里實現自定義layout的方法。
3.masksToBounds設置YES,則裁剪subLayers。否則不裁剪，subLayers可以超過superLayer的bounds。
4.Action
當更改layer的參數或者將layer添加，刪除，隱藏，替換時觸發
觸發方法可以是子類化CALayer,-(id)actionForKey:(NSString*)key;代理方式-(id)actionForLayer:(CALayer*) forKey:(NSString*)key
-(id)actionForLayer:(CALayer *)layer forKey:(NSString *)event{
CATransition *anim=nil;
if([event isEqualToString:@"contents"]){
anim=[CATransition animation];
anim.duration=2;
anim.timingFunction=[CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
anim.type=@"cube";
anim.subtype=kCATransitionFromRight;
}
return anim;
//不執行任何動畫
//return nil;
}
蘋果文檔種提供了修改sublayers默認動畫的方法
NSMutableDictionary *cActions=[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:[layer1_1 actions]];
[cActions setObject:[NSNull null] forKey:@"sublayers"];
layer1_1.actions=cActions;
實現CAAction Protocol
代理類中實現方法runActionForKey:object:arguments
-(void)runActionForKey:(NSString *)event object:(id)anObject arguments:(NSDictionary *)dict{
NSLog(@"runActionForKey:"%@" object:%@ arguments:%@", event, anObject, dict);
CATransition *anim=nil;
if([event isEqualToString:@"test"]){
anim=[CATransition animation];
anim.duration=2;
anim.timingFunction=[CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
anim.type=@"cube";
anim.subtype=kCATransitionFromRight;
}
[(CALayer*)anObject addAnimation:anim forKey:@"contets"];
}
觸發runActionForKey
//添加自定義的action以及對應的觸發方法所在的代理,應該可以定義一個動畫子類(CAAnimation)
layer1.actions = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:[[FCLayerDelegate alloc]init], @"test", nil];
//實際觸發的地方，當設置test參數，其實最后觸發的是runActionForKey種的立方體旋轉
[layer1 setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:19] forKey:@"test"];
四.提供Layer內容(Providing Layer Content)
1.contents屬性設置CGImageRef
layer1.contents=(id)image1.CGImage;
2.用delegate來提供內容
a)displayLayer:(CALayer*)
b)-(void)drawLayer:(CALayer*) inContext:(CGContextRef)
//聲明代理
@interface FCLayerDeledegate : NSObject
@end
//實現代理
@implementation FCLayerDelegate
//覆蓋這個方法，就不會執行后面的方法，2者取其一，根據傳入的值來判斷下一步操作
-(void)displayLayer:(CALayer *)layer{
NSLog(@"%@",[layer valueForKey:@"test"]);
}
-(void)drawLayer:(CALayer *)ly inContext:(CGContextRef)context
{
CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(context, [[UIColor redColor]CGColor]);
CGContextFillRect(context, ly.bounds);
}
@end
//執行代碼
CALayer* layer1_3=[CALayer layer];
layer1_3.delegate=[[FCLayerDelegate alloc]init];
[layer1_3 setValue:@"testString" forKey:@"test"];
[layer1_3 setNeedsDisplay];
ps:以上方法用於CALayer本身（非自己子類）
3) 用子類提供內容
a)display
b)drawInContext:(CGContextRef)
和前面代理模式差不多，只不過少傳layer參數，因為layer就是其本身(self);
4)內容的布局
默認情況下，內容圖片是會鋪開充滿整個layer的bounds的，如果要使得contents按照原來尺寸顯示在layer中，就要設置ContentsGravity
大致2種參數
1.位置參數，注意，ios坐標是y是相反的，所以bottom就是top
2.設置鋪滿方式，3種
layer1_3.contentsGravity=kCAGravityBottomLeft;
layer1_3.contents=(id)image3.CGImage;
//layer1_3.contentsGravity=kCAGravityResizeAspectFill;
PS:此外contentsCenter這個屬性在鋪滿方式的參數下可以指定拉伸區域，文檔中指出是指定拉伸的范圍，但是似乎沒有作用。暫時忽略。
五.動畫
1.動畫類簇
a)CAMediaTiming protocol的主要參數
speed:執行速度，如果速度為2，則一個10秒的duration，則只需要5秒完成。子類參數相對父類參數的，如果子類是2，父類是2，則需要2.5秒完成
repeatCount|repeatDuration:重復的次數和重復的間隔 ，如果repeatCount設置成 1e100f則無限重復
fillMode:決定動畫結束時候的狀態。要和removeOnCompletion參數一起設置才有效。動畫結束后的狀態並沒有影響layer的位置，其實layer還在原來的地方沒變。
此外還有duration,autoreverses,beginTime,timeOffset
b)CAAnimation
timingFunction:指定一個CAMediaTimingFunction,有2種提供方式，一種是常量如kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear，另外一種是自定義2個control points來定制一個時間曲線
functionWithControlPoints::::。
delegate:2個代理方法animationDidStart:和animationDidStop:finished:
2.一般動畫
任何CALayer的animated的屬性或者CTM改變時候都是動畫形式來過渡的，這個稱為implicit Animation。這里不多做介紹
主要介紹下(Explicit Animation)顯示動畫
a)CABasicAnimation 針對某個屬性的設置變化
CABasicAnimation *anim;
anim=[CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.y"];
anim.duration=8;
anim.autoreverses=NO;
anim.repeatCount=2;
anim.fromValue=[NSNumber numberWithFloat:d2r(0)];
anim.toValue=[NSNumber numberWithFloat:d2r(-90)];
// layer1.transform=CATransform3DTranslate(CATransform3DIdentity, 0, 0, 100);
[layer1 addAnimation:anim forKey:@"layer1Rotation"];
b)CAKeyframeAnimation
關鍵幀(key frame)有2種方式提供:
參數path,創建CGPathRef
path:CGPathRef 一般用於移動復雜的位置，如下例：
CGMutablePathRef path=CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, 40, 420);
CGPathAddCurveToPoint(path, NULL, 40, 40, 160, 40, 160, 420);
CGPathAddCurveToPoint(path, NULL, 160, 40, 280, 40, 280, 420);
CAKeyframeAnimation *anim=[CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
anim.path=path;
anim.duration=3;
//圖像在移動過程中是否旋轉
anim.rotationMode=kCAAnimationRotateAuto;
//動畫結束時候狀態，我動畫結束在哪里就停在哪里
anim.removedOnCompletion = NO;
anim.fillMode=kCAFillModeForwards;
//設置keyTimes path加了2個點，所以將duration設置成了2段，前面一段快3/10，后面一段慢7/10
anim.calculationMode=kCAAnimationLinear;
anim.keyTimes=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0],[NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.3],[NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0], nil];
[layer1 addAnimation:anim forKey:@"nm1"];
CGPathRelease(path);
參數values：array of objects
如果objects是CGImage，key-path是"contents"的話，則是圖像切換。
CAKeyframeAnimation *anim=[CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"contents"];
anim.duration=3;
anim.values=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)image1.CGImage,(id)image2.CGImage,(id)image3.CGImage,nil];
[layer1 addAnimation:anim forKey:@"nm2"];
如果objects是CATransform3D的,key-path是“transform”,則是變換坐標
CAKeyframeAnimation *anim2=[CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform"];
anim2.duration=3;
anim2.repeatCount=1000;
anim2.autoreverses=YES;
CATransform3D trans=CATransform3DScale(CATransform3DIdentity, 1.5, 1.5, 1);
CATransform3D trans2=CATransform3DScale(CATransform3DIdentity, 1, 1, 1);
anim2.values=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:trans],[NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:trans2],nil];
[layer1 addAnimation:anim2 forKey:@"nm3"];
如果2個同時設置，還可以同時看到動畫效果。比方說上述2個就可以看到圖片切換並且放大和縮小的效果。
不要針對frame和size等參數設置keyframe動畫，似乎沒有效果。position是可以的。
3.動畫事務(Transaction)
[CATransaction begin];
[CATransaction setValue:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:.5f] forKey:kCATransactionAnimationDuration];
layer1.position=CGPointMake(0, 0);
layer1.opacity=0;
[CATransaction commit];
通過事務可以修改implicit 動畫的時間,否則沒有辦法修改。
4.動畫過渡(Transition)
//CATransition
CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation];
animation.delegate = self;
animation.duration = 2;
animation.timingFunction = UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut;
//animation.type = kCATransitionFade;
animation.type = @"cube";
animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft;
//2個view交換
NSUInteger green = [[self.view subviews] indexOfObject:self.greenView];
NSUInteger blue = [[self.view subviews] indexOfObject:self.blueView];
[self.view exchangeSubviewAtIndex:green withSubviewAtIndex:blue];
[layer1 addAnimation:animation forKey:@"animation"];
過渡有view的過渡和layer的過渡，2者是有區別的，網上有個例子transition包含了一共12種變換，相當有用。
參考文檔:
Animation Types and Timing Programming Guide
Core Animation Programming Guide