c語言函數實現交換兩個數的值


代碼:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 
 3 void swap(int x,int y)
 4 {
 5     int temp;
 6     
 7     temp = x;
 8     x = y;
 9     y = temp;
10     printf("In swap: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y);
11 }
12 
13 void swap_with_pt(int * x,int * y)
14 {
15     int temp;
16     
17     temp = *x;
18     *x = *y;
19     *y = temp;
20     printf("In swap_with_pt: x = %d,y = %d\n",*x,*y);
21 }
22 
23 int main()
24 {
25     int x = 5,y = 10;
26     
27     printf("Before swap: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y);
28     swap(x,y);
29     printf("After swap: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y);
30     printf("-------------------------------\n");
31     printf("Before swap_with_pt: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y);
32     swap_with_pt(&x,&y);
33     printf("After swap_with_pt: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y);
34     
35     return 0;
36 }

輸出:

1 Before swap: x = 5,y = 10
2 In swap: x = 10,y = 5
3 After swap: x = 5,y = 10
4 ---------------------------------
5 Before swap_with_pt: x = 5,y = 10
6 In swap_with_pt: x =10,y = 5
7 After swap_with_pt: x = 10,y = 5

解釋:

      swap函數調用時首先創建x,y的變量副本,我們姑且稱之為x2,y2(其實名字依然是x和y,只不過這里的x和y只在swap函數里有意義),並將main函數中x,y的值傳給變量x2,y2,然后函數交換了x2,y2的值,運行完函數后x2,y2變量生命期結束。所以,x和y的值是不變的。

      swap_with_pt函數調用時同樣創建x,y的指針的變量副本,我們姑且稱之為x2,y2(其實名字依然是x和y,只不過這里的x和y只在swap_with_pt函數里有意義),並將x,y的地址值傳給x2,y2,這個時候x2和y2是指向main函數中x,y的,然后通過*運算修改x,y的值。注意,“*+指針名”是可以改變它所指向的變量的值的。


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