代碼:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 3 void swap(int x,int y) 4 { 5 int temp; 6 7 temp = x; 8 x = y; 9 y = temp; 10 printf("In swap: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y); 11 } 12 13 void swap_with_pt(int * x,int * y) 14 { 15 int temp; 16 17 temp = *x; 18 *x = *y; 19 *y = temp; 20 printf("In swap_with_pt: x = %d,y = %d\n",*x,*y); 21 } 22 23 int main() 24 { 25 int x = 5,y = 10; 26 27 printf("Before swap: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y); 28 swap(x,y); 29 printf("After swap: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y); 30 printf("-------------------------------\n"); 31 printf("Before swap_with_pt: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y); 32 swap_with_pt(&x,&y); 33 printf("After swap_with_pt: x = %d,y = %d\n",x,y); 34 35 return 0; 36 }
輸出:
1 Before swap: x = 5,y = 10 2 In swap: x = 10,y = 5 3 After swap: x = 5,y = 10 4 --------------------------------- 5 Before swap_with_pt: x = 5,y = 10 6 In swap_with_pt: x =10,y = 5 7 After swap_with_pt: x = 10,y = 5
解釋:
swap函數調用時首先創建x,y的變量副本,我們姑且稱之為x2,y2(其實名字依然是x和y,只不過這里的x和y只在swap函數里有意義),並將main函數中x,y的值傳給變量x2,y2,然后函數交換了x2,y2的值,運行完函數后x2,y2變量生命期結束。所以,x和y的值是不變的。
swap_with_pt函數調用時同樣創建x,y的指針的變量副本,我們姑且稱之為x2,y2(其實名字依然是x和y,只不過這里的x和y只在swap_with_pt函數里有意義),並將x,y的地址值傳給x2,y2,這個時候x2和y2是指向main函數中x,y的,然后通過*運算修改x,y的值。注意,“*+指針名”是可以改變它所指向的變量的值的。