原題地址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/word-break-ii/
題意:
Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.
Return all such possible sentences.
For example, given
s = "catsanddog"
,
dict = ["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"]
.
A solution is ["cats and dog", "cat sand dog"]
.
解題思路:這道題不只像word break那樣判斷是否可以分割,而且要找到所有的分割方式,那么我們就要考慮dfs了。不過直接用dfs解題是不行的,為什么?因為決策樹太大,如果全部遍歷一遍,時間復雜度太高,無法通過oj。那么我們需要剪枝,如何來剪枝呢?使用word break題中的動態規划的結果,在dfs之前,先判定字符串是否可以被分割,如果不能被分割,直接跳過這一枝。實際上這道題是dp+dfs。
代碼:
class Solution: # @param s, a string # @param dict, a set of string # @return a list of strings def check(self, s, dict): dp = [False for i in range(len(s)+1)] dp[0] = True for i in range(1, len(s)+1): for k in range(0, i): if dp[k] and s[k:i] in dict: dp[i] = True return dp[len(s)] def dfs(self, s, dict, stringlist): if self.check(s, dict): if len(s) == 0: Solution.res.append(stringlist[1:]) for i in range(1, len(s)+1): if s[:i] in dict: self.dfs(s[i:], dict, stringlist+' '+s[:i]) def wordBreak(self, s, dict): Solution.res = [] self.dfs(s, dict, '') return Solution.res