django 快速實現完整登錄系統（cookie）

 

　　經過前面幾節的練習，我們已經熟悉了django 的套路，這里來實現一個比較完整的登陸系統，其中包括注冊、登陸、以及cookie的使用。

本操作的環境：

===================

deepin linux 2013（基於ubuntu）

python 2.7

Django 1.6.2

===================

 

創建項目與應用                                                                                     

 

#創建項目
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite5
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite5
#在項目下創建一個online應用
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py startapp online

目錄結構如下：

打開mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，將應用添加進去：

# Application definition
 INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'online', )

 

 

設計數據庫                                                                                              

 

打開mysite5/online/models.py文件，添加如下內容:

from django.db import models # Create your models here.
class User(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=50) password = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __unicode__(self): return self.username

創建數據庫，創建User表，用戶名和密碼兩個字段。

下面進行數據庫的同步：

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table online_user
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 輸入yes/no

Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'):    用戶名（默認當前系統用戶名）
Email address: [e-mail] 郵箱地址
Password:    密碼
Password (again):    確認密碼
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

最后生成的 online_user 表就是我們models.py 中所創建的User類。

 

 

配置URL                                                                                                  

 

打開mysite5/mysite5/urls.py：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'),
 url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^online/', include('online.urls')), )

 

在mysite5/online/目錄下創建urls.py文件：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url from online import views urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'), url(r'^login/$',views.login,name = 'login'), url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name = 'regist'), url(r'^index/$',views.index,name = 'index'), url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name = 'logout'), )

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/    登陸頁

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/  登陸頁

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/   注冊頁

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/index/    登陸成功頁  

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/   注銷

 

 

創建視圖                                                                                                  

 

打開mysite5/online/views.py 文件：

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect from django.template import RequestContext from django import forms from models import User #表單
class UserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用戶名',max_length=100) password = forms.CharField(label='密碼',widget=forms.PasswordInput()) #注冊
def regist(req): if req.method == 'POST': uf = UserForm(req.POST) if uf.is_valid(): #獲得表單數據
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username'] password = uf.cleaned_data['password'] #添加到數據庫
            User.objects.create(username= username,password=password) return HttpResponse('regist success!!') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response('regist.html',{'uf':uf}, context_instance=RequestContext(req)) #登陸
def login(req): if req.method == 'POST': uf = UserForm(req.POST) if uf.is_valid(): #獲取表單用戶密碼
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username'] password = uf.cleaned_data['password'] #獲取的表單數據與數據庫進行比較
            user = User.objects.filter(username__exact = username,password__exact = password) if user: #比較成功，跳轉index
                response = HttpResponseRedirect('/online/index/') #將username寫入瀏覽器cookie,失效時間為3600
                response.set_cookie('username',username,3600) return response else: #比較失敗，還在login
                return HttpResponseRedirect('/online/login/') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf},context_instance=RequestContext(req)) #登陸成功
def index(req): username = req.COOKIES.get('username','') return render_to_response('index.html' ,{'username':username}) #退出
def logout(req): response = HttpResponse('logout !!') #清理cookie里保存username
    response.delete_cookie('username') return response

這里實現了所有注冊，登陸邏輯，中間用到cookie創建，讀取，刪除操作等。

 

 

創建模板                                                                                                  

 

先在mysite5/online/目錄下創建templates目錄，接着在mysite5/online/templates/目錄下創建regist.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>注冊</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>注冊頁面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/">登陸</a>
</body>
</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目錄下創建login.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>登陸</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>登陸頁面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/">注冊</a>
</body>
</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目錄下創建index.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>welcome {{username}} !</h1>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/">退出</a>
</body>
</html>

 

設置模板路徑

打開mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，在底部添加：

#template
TEMPLATE_DIRS=( '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite5/online/templates' )

 

 

使用功能                                                                                                  

 

注冊

先注冊用戶：

注冊成功，提示“regist success!!”

 

登陸

執行登陸操作，通過讀取瀏覽器cookie 來獲取用戶名

 

查看cookie

 

登陸成功

通過點擊“退出”鏈接退出，再次訪問http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/index/ 將不會顯示用戶名信息。