CDB和PDB基本管理
這篇文章主要介紹CDB和PDB的基本管理，資料來源oracle官方。
基本概念：
Multitenant Environment：多租戶環境
CDB（Container Database）：數據庫容器
PD（Pluggable Database）：可插拔數據庫
CDB與PDB關系圖
環境信息如下：
DB version：12.0.1
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0
TNS Listener port: 1521
Container databases:
SID: cdbtest
1、查看數據庫是否為CDB
SYS@cdbtest> select name, decode(cdb, 'YES', 'Multitenant Option enabled', 'Regular 12c Database: ') "Multitenant Option" , open_mode, con_id from v$database;
NAME Multitenant Option OPEN_MODE CON_ID
--------- -------------------------- -------------------- ----------
CDBTEST Multitenant Option enabled READ WRITE 0
2、連接到CDB
2.1、簡易方式連接
首先查看服務狀態：
$lsnrctl service
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 14-APR-2014 20:54:47
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "cdbtest.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdbtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:2 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "cdbtestXDB.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdbtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: localhost.localdomain, pid: 2681>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=60617))
Service "pdb1.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdbtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:2 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "pdb3_his.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdbtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:2 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
可以看到上面有cdbtest.oracle.com ，pdb1.oracle.com，pdb3_his.oracle.com 這3個服務，下面使用cdbtest.oracle.com來連接
$sqlplus sys/password@localhost:1521/cdbtest.oracle.com as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 14 20:53:22 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SYS@localhost:1521/cdbtest.oracle.com>
2.2、使用net service方式連接
需要在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora中進行配置，本例配置如下：
oracle*cdbtest*/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin>$more tnsnames.ora
cdbtest=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SID=cdbtest)
(SERVICE_NAME=cdbtest.oracle.com)
(INSTANCE_NAME=cdbtest)))
使用cdbtest來連接:
$sqlplus sys/password@cdbtest as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 14 20:57:30 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SYS@cdbtest>
2.3、使用os認證的方式連接
oracle*cdbtest*/home/oracle>$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 14 20:59:13 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SYS@cdbtest>
2.4、查看容器名稱和ID
SYS@cdbtest> show con_name ;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SYS@cdbtest> show con_id ;
CON_ID
------------------------------
1
3、查看root和PDBS的服務信息
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,con_id from v$active_services order by 1 ;
NAME CON_ID
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
SYS$BACKGROUND 1
SYS$USERS 1
cdbtest.oracle.com 1
cdbtestXDB 1
pdb1.oracle.com 3
pdb3_his.oracle.com 4
6 rows selected.
4、連接到PDBs
使用簡單連接方式
連接到pdb1.oracle.com:
$sqlplus sys/password@localhost:1521/pdb1.oracle.com as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 14 21:04:22 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SYS@localhost:1521/pdb1.oracle.com>
連接到pdb3_his.oracle.com:
$sqlplus sys/password@localhost:1521/pdb3_his.oracle.com as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 14 21:04:42 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SYS@localhost:1521/pdb3_his.oracle.com>
5、創建一個新的PDB
從seed PDB創建一個PDB（每個CDB有一個PDB template，名為PDB$Seed）
准備工作：
創建一個操作系統的目錄用來存放新創建的PDB數據庫的數據文件和臨時文件：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4
5.1、創建PDB
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 14 21:12:11 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SYS@cdbtest> create pluggable database pdb4
2 admin user odb4_admin identified by password
3 roles=(dba)
4 file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdbseed','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4') ;
Pluggable database created.
5.2、驗證
SYS@cdbtest> select pdb_name,status from cdb_pdbs ;
PDB_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ -------------
PDB1 NORMAL
PDB$SEED NORMAL
PDB3_HIS NORMAL
PDB4 NEW
如果status狀態為NEED SYNC，要運行DBMS_PDB.SYNC_PDB將狀態改變
SYS@cdbtest> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 READ WRITE
PDB3_HIS READ WRITE
PDB4 MOUNTED
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,con_id from v$active_services order by 1 ;
NAME CON_ID
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
SYS$BACKGROUND 1
SYS$USERS 1
cdbtest.oracle.com 1
cdbtestXDB 1
pdb1.oracle.com 3
pdb3_his.oracle.com 4
pdb4.oracle.com 5
5.3、列出數據文件
SYS@cdbtest> select name from v$datafile where con_id=5 ;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/sysaux01.dbf
6、打開和關閉PDBs
關閉
SYS@cdbtest> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
打開
SYS@cdbtest> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 584568832 bytes
Fixed Size 2290992 bytes
Variable Size 461376208 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3461120 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
查看狀態
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 MOUNTED
PDB3_HIS MOUNTED
PDB4 MOUNTED
啟動PDB4
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database pdb4 open ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 MOUNTED
PDB3_HIS MOUNTED
PDB4 READ WRITE
啟動所有的PDBs
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database all open ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 READ WRITE
PDB3_HIS READ WRITE
PDB4 READ WRITE
關閉PDB1
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database pdb1 close immediate ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 MOUNTED
PDB3_HIS READ WRITE
PDB4 READ WRITE
關閉所有的PDBs
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database all close immediate ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 MOUNTED
PDB3_HIS MOUNTED
PDB4 MOUNTED
從上面的操作中可以看到數據庫啟動的時候所有的PDBs的狀態為MOUNTED，在實際應用可以考慮增加如下的觸發器使所有的PDBs都處於打開狀態。以下為驗證過程：
SYS@cdbtest> create or replace trigger sys.after_startup after startup on database
2 begin
3 execute immediate 'alter pluggable database all open ' ;
4 end after_startup ;
5 /
Trigger created.
SYS@cdbtest> shutdown immediate ;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@cdbtest> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 584568832 bytes
Fixed Size 2290992 bytes
Variable Size 461376208 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3461120 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 READ WRITE
PDB3_HIS READ WRITE
PDB4 READ WRITE
5.4、rename PDB
rename pdb時pdb需要處於open restricted狀態。
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database pdb4 close immediate ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database pdb4 open restricted ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,restricted from v$pdbs ;
NAME RES
------------------------------ ---
PDB$SEED NO
PDB1 NO
PDB3_HIS NO
PDB4 YES
SYS@cdbtest> conn sys/password@localhost:1521/pdb4.oracle.com
ERROR:
ORA-28009: connection as SYS should be as SYSDBA or SYSOPER
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
連接到PDB4
SYS@cdbtest> conn sys/password@localhost:1521/pdb4.oracle.com as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@localhost:1521/pdb4.oracle.com> alter pluggable database pdb4 rename global_name to pdb4_his ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@localhost:1521/pdb4.oracle.com> alter pluggable database close immediate ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@localhost:1521/pdb4.oracle.com> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB4_HIS MOUNTED
SYS@localhost:1521/pdb4.oracle.com> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database close immediate ;
alter pluggable database close immediate
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65000: missing or invalid pluggable database name
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database all close immediate ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database all open ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 READ WRITE
PDB3_HIS READ WRITE
PDB4_HIS READ WRITE
6、存儲管理
查看數據文件信息
SYS@cdbtest> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@cdbtest> select tablespace_name,con_id from cdb_tablespaces where con_id =1 ;
TABLESPACE_NAME CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
SYSTEM 1
SYSAUX 1
UNDOTBS1 1
TEMP 1
USERS 1
CDATA 1
6 rows selected.
SYS@cdbtest> col file_name for a50
SYS@cdbtest> select file_name,con_id from cdb_data_files where con_id =1 ;
FILE_NAME CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/system01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/sysaux01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/undotbs01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/users01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/cdata01.dbf 1
在root中創建持久表空間
SYS@cdbtest> create tablespace cdata01 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/cdata0101.dbf' size 10m;
Tablespace created.
SYS@cdbtest> select tablespace_name ,con_id from cdb_tablespaces order by con_id ;
TABLESPACE_NAME CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
SYSTEM 1
CDATA01 1
CDATA 1
SYSAUX 1
TEMP 1
UNDOTBS1 1
USERS 1
SYSTEM 2
SYSAUX 2
TEMP 2
SYSTEM 3
TABLESPACE_NAME CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
EXAMPLE 3
SYSAUX 3
TEMP 3
USERS 3
SYSTEM 4
TEMP_PDB3 4
SYSAUX 4
TEMP 4
LDATA 4
SYSTEM 5
TEMP 5
TABLESPACE_NAME CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
SYSAUX 5
23 rows selected.
SYS@cdbtest> select file_name,con_id from cdb_data_files order by con_id ;
FILE_NAME CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/system01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/cdata0101.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/sysaux01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/users01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/undotbs01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/cdata01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdbseed/system01.dbf 2
FILE_NAME CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb1/system01.dbf 3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf 3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb1/SAMPLE_SCHEMA 3
_users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb1/example01.dbf 3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb3/system01.dbf 4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb3/sysaux01.dbf 4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb3/ldata01.dbf 4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/sysaux01.dbf 5
FILE_NAME CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/system01.dbf 5
17 rows selected.
在root中創建臨時表空間
SYS@cdbtest> create temporary tablespace temp_root_01 tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/temproot0101.dbf' size 10m ;
Tablespace created.
SYS@cdbtest> select tablespace_name ,con_id from cdb_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORARY' and con_id=1 ;
TABLESPACE_NAME CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
TEMP 1
TEMP_ROOT_01 1
SYS@cdbtest> select file_name ,con_id from cdb_temp_files where con_id =1 ;
FILE_NAME CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/temp01.dbf 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/temproot0101.dbf 1
SYS@cdbtest>
SYS@cdbtest> conn system/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
在pdb4_his中創建持久表空間
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> create tablespace ldata datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/ldata01.dbf' size 10m ;
Tablespace created.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select tablespace_name,con_id from cdb_tablespaces order by con_id ;
TABLESPACE_NAME CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
SYSTEM 5
SYSAUX 5
TEMP 5
LDATA 5
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select file_name from dba_data_files ;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/ldata01.dbf
在pdb4_his中創建臨時表空間
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> create temporary tablespace temp_pdb4 tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/temppdb401.dbf' size 10m ;
Tablespace created.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select tablespace_name,con_id from cdb_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORYARY';
no rows selected
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select tablespace_name,con_id from cdb_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORARY';
TABLESPACE_NAME CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
TEMP 5
TEMP_PDB4 5
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select file_name from dba_temp_files
2 ;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/pdbseed_temp01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdbtest/pdb4/temppdb401.dbf
7、安全管理
7.1、用戶管理
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
在root中創建用戶c##1，用戶名需要以c##開頭，在root中創建的用戶會復制到所有的pdbs中，除了seed pdb。
SYS@cdbtest> create user c##2 identified by password container=all ;
User created.
SYS@cdbtest> select username,common,con_id from cdb_users where username like 'C##%' ;
USERNAME COM CON_ID
------------------------------ --- ----------
C##1 YES 4
C##2 YES 4
C##1 YES 3
C##2 YES 3
C##1 YES 1
C##2 YES 1
C##1 YES 5
C##2 YES 5
從上面的輸出中可以看到在每個PDB中都有用戶C##1，除了pdb seed。
嘗試登錄
SYS@cdbtest> conn c##2/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user C##2 lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
在pdb中創建用戶
SYS@cdbtest> conn system/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> create user hr identified by password ;
User created.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select username,common,con_id from cdb_users where username like 'HR';
USERNAME COM CON_ID
------------------------------ --- ----------
HR NO 5
嘗試登錄
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn hr/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user HR lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn system/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
單獨在pdb中賦予create session權限
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> grant create session to c##2 ;
Grant succeeded.
再次登錄pdb4
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn c##2/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
測試登錄pdb3
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn c##2/password@localhost:1521/pdb3_his.oracle.com
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user C##2 lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> grant create session to hr ;
SP2-0640: Not connected
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn system/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> grant create session to hr ;
Grant succeeded.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn hr/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
在所有的pdbs給用戶c##2賦予create session權限
HR@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@cdbtest> grant create session to c##2 container=all ;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@cdbtest> conn c##2/password@localhost:1521/pdb1.oracle.com
Connected.
7.2、角色管理
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb1.oracle.com> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@cdbtest> create role c##r2 container=all ;
Role created.
SYS@cdbtest> select role,common,con_id from cdb_roles where role='C##R2' ;
ROLE COM CON_ID
---------- --- ----------
C##R2 YES 5
C##R2 YES 4
C##R2 YES 3
C##R2 YES 1
從上面的輸出可以看到每個pdb（除了seed）都有role C##R2
SYS@cdbtest> conn system/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
單獨在pdb中創建role
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> create role hr_manager ;
Role created.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select role,common,con_id from cdb_roles where role='HR_MANAGER';
ROLE COM CON_ID
---------- --- ----------
HR_MANAGER NO 5
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> create role c##r2 container=all ;
create role c##r2 container=all
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65050: Common DDLs only allowed in CDB$ROOT
在root中給角色授予權限
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@cdbtest> grant create session to c##2 container=all ;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@cdbtest> select grantee,privilege,common,con_id from cdb_sys_privs
2 where privilege='CREATE SESSION' and grantee='C##2';
GRANTEE PRIVILEGE COM CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- --- ----------
C##2 CREATE SESSION NO 5
C##2 CREATE SESSION YES 5
C##2 CREATE SESSION YES 4
C##2 CREATE SESSION YES 3
C##2 CREATE SESSION YES 1
SYS@cdbtest> conn c##2/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select * from session_privs ;
PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn c##2/password@localhost:121/pdb4_his.oracle.com
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS:no listener
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn c##2/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select * from session_privs ;
PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
C##2@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> connect system/password@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com
Connected.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> grant create session to hr container=all ;
grant create session to hr container=all
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65030: one may not grant a Common Privilege to a Local User or Role
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> grant create session to hr ;
Grant succeeded.
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> select grantee,privilege,common,con_id from cdb_sys_privs
2 where privilege='CREATE SESSION' and grantee='HR' ;
GRANTEE PRIVILEGE COM CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- --- ----------
HR CREATE SESSION NO 5
8、PDBs刪除
SYSTEM@localhost:1521/pdb4_his.oracle.com> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@cdbtest>
SYS@cdbtest> alter pluggable database all close immediate ;
Pluggable database altered.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 MOUNTED
PDB3_HIS MOUNTED
PDB4_HIS MOUNTED
SYS@cdbtest> drop pluggable database pdb4_his including datafile ;
drop pluggable database pdb4_his including datafile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02000: missing DATAFILES keyword
SYS@cdbtest> drop pluggable database pdb4_his including datafiles ;
Pluggable database dropped.
SYS@cdbtest> select name ,open_mode from v$pdbs ;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 MOUNTED
PDB3_HIS MOUNTED
SYS@cdbtest>
SYS@cdbtest> drop user c##1;
User dropped.
SYS@cdbtest> drop user c##2;
User dropped.
SYS@cdbtest> drop role c##r1 ;
Role dropped.
SYS@cdbtest> drop role c##r2 ;
Role dropped.
SYS@cdbtest> drop tablespace cdata01 including contents ;
Tablespace dropped.
SYS@cdbtest> drop tablespace cdata including contents ;
Tablespace dropped.
SYS@cdbtest> drop tablespace temp_root_01 including contents ;
Tablespace dropped.