在上一篇blog：python開發_tkinter_窗口控件_自己制作的Python IDEL_博主推薦
中介紹了python中的tkinter的一些東西，你可能對tkinter有一定的了解了。這篇blog主要是介紹tkinter的對話框（Pop-up Dialog）
查看tkinter的API的時候，接口資源：
Tkinter 8.5 reference: a GUI for Python
先來看看運行的效果：
這里主要對 python開發_tkinter_窗口控件_自己制作的Python IDEL_博主推薦 進行增加了一個菜單選項：'Test'
1 def help_test1(): 2 ask = askokcancel('askokcancel messagebox','你確定要這樣做嗎？') 3 if ask: 4 # to do something 5 print('你選擇的是：確定') 6 else: 7 # to do something 8 print('你選擇的是：取消')
運行效果：
1 def help_test2(): 2 ask = askquestion('askquestion messagebox', '你很喜歡那個女孩嗎?') 3 if 'yes' == ask: 4 #to do something 5 print('是的，我很喜歡') 6 elif 'no' == ask: 7 #to do something 8 print('不是這樣的，我不喜歡她')
運行效果：
接下來的功能差不多...
1 def help_test8(): 2 '''打開文件''' 3 #('All files', '*') 4 openfilename = askopenfilename(filetypes=[('xml', '*.xml')]) 5 try: 6 with open(openfilename, 'r') as fp: 7 for line in fp: 8 print(line) 9 fp.close() 10 except: 11 print('Could not open File:%s'%openfilename)
運行效果：
1 def help_test10(): 2 '''顏色面板選擇器''' 3 color = askcolor(title='顏色面板') 4 print(color)
運行效果：
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代碼部分：
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1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 2 #python tkinter menu 3 #python version 3.3.2 4 #EN = Window 7 5 6 7 from tkinter import * 8 from tkinter.messagebox import * 9 from tkinter.filedialog import * 10 from tkinter.colorchooser import * 11 ''' 12 在python 3.3.2中，tkinter模塊可以創建一個窗口控件，如Java中的Swing 13 功能描述： 14 根據Python 3.3.2 IDEL的菜單，創建出一個tkinter窗口 15 File-Exit : 退出功能完成 16 Help-About IDEL ： 打印相應信息 17 其他的菜單項，當點擊時，會打印出相應菜單項的名稱 18 ''' 19 20 __author__ = 'Hongten' 21 MENU_ITEMS = ['File', 'Edit', 'Format', 'Run', 'Options', 'Windows', 'Help', 'Test'] 22 #菜單File中的選項 23 MENU_FILE_ITEMS = ['New Window Ctrl+N ', 24 'Open... Ctrl+O ', 25 'Recent Files ', 26 'Open Module... Alt+M ', 27 'Class Browser Alt+C ', 28 'Path Browser ', 29 'Save Ctrl+S ', 30 'Save As... Ctrl+Shift+S', 31 'Save Copy As... Ctrl+Alt+S ', 32 'Print Window Ctrl+P ', 33 'Close Alt+F4 ', 34 'Exit Ctrl+Q '] 35 #菜單Edit中的選項 36 MENU_EDIT_ITEMS = ['Undo Ctrl+Z ', 37 'Redo Ctrl+Shift+Z ', 38 'Cut Ctrl+X ', 39 'Copy Ctrl+C ', 40 'Paste Ctrl+V ', 41 'Select All Ctrl+A ', 42 'Find... Ctrl+F ', 43 'Find Again Ctrl+G ', 44 'Find Selections Ctrl+F3 ', 45 'Find in Files Alt+F3 ', 46 'Replace... Ctrl+H ', 47 'Go to Line Alt+G ', 48 'Expend Word Alt+/ ', 49 'Show call tip Ctrl+backslash', 50 'Show surerounding parens Ctrl+0 ', 51 'Show Completions Ctrl+space '] 52 #菜單Format中的選項 53 MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS = ['Check Module Alt+X ', 54 'Ident Region Ctrl+] ', 55 'Dedent Region Ctrl+[ ', 56 'Commemt Out Region Alt+3 ', 57 'Uncomment Region Alt+4 ', 58 'Tabify Region Alt+5 ', 59 'Untabify Region Alt+6 ', 60 'Toggle Tabs Alt+T ', 61 'New Ident Width Alt+U ', 62 'Format Paragraph Alt+Q ', 63 'Strip trailing whitespace '] 64 #菜單Run中的選項 65 MENU_RUN_ITEMS = [ 'Python Shell ', 66 'Check Module Alt+X ', 67 'Run Module F5 '] 68 #菜單Options中的選項 69 MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS = ['Config IDEL... ', 70 'Code Context '] 71 #菜單Windows中的選項 72 MENU_WINDOWS_ITEMS = ['Zoom Height Alt+2 '] 73 #菜單Help中的選項 74 MENU_HELP_ITEMS = ['About IDEL ', 75 'IDEL Help ', 76 'Python Docs F1 '] 77 #菜單Test中的選項 78 MENU_TEST_ITEMS = ['about ', 79 'askokcancel messagebox ', 80 'askquestion messagebox ', 81 'askretrycancel messagebox ', 82 'askyesno messagebox ', 83 'showerror messagebox ', 84 'showinfo messagebox ', 85 'showwarning messagebox ', 86 'open file ', 87 'save as file ', 88 'colorchooser '] 89 90 #help-About IDEL 91 ABOUT_MESSAGE = ''' 92 Author : Hongten 93 Author_email : hongtenzone@foxmail.com 94 Blog : http://www.cnblogs.com/hongten 95 QQ : 648719819 96 Created : 2013-09-05 97 Version : 1.0 98 ''' 99 def get_tk(): 100 '''獲取一個Tk對象''' 101 return Tk() 102 103 def set_tk_title(tk, title): 104 '''給窗口定義title''' 105 if title is not None and title != '': 106 tk.title(title) 107 else: 108 tk.title('Hongten v1.0') 109 110 def set_tk_geometry(tk, size): 111 '''設置窗口大小，size的格式為：widthxheight,如：size = '200x100'.''' 112 if size is not None and size != '': 113 tk.geometry(size) 114 else: 115 tk.geometry('670x600') 116 117 def get_menu(tk): 118 '''獲取一個菜單條''' 119 return Menu(tk) 120 121 def menu_file(menubar): 122 '''定義菜單File''' 123 filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 124 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[0])) 125 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[1])) 126 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[2])) 127 128 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[3], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[3])) 129 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[4], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[4])) 130 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[5], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[5])) 131 filemenu.add_separator() 132 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[6], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[6])) 133 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[7], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[7])) 134 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[8], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[8])) 135 filemenu.add_separator() 136 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[9], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[9])) 137 filemenu.add_separator() 138 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[10], command=lambda:print(MENU_FILE_ITEMS[10])) 139 filemenu.add_command(label=MENU_FILE_ITEMS[11], command=root.destroy) 140 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[0], menu=filemenu) 141 142 def menu_edit(menubar): 143 '''定義菜單Edit''' 144 edit_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 145 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[0])) 146 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[1])) 147 edit_menu.add_separator() 148 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[2])) 149 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[3], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[3])) 150 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[4], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[4])) 151 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[5], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[5])) 152 edit_menu.add_separator() 153 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[6], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[6])) 154 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[7], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[7])) 155 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[8], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[8])) 156 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[9], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[9])) 157 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[10], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[10])) 158 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[11], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[11])) 159 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[12], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[12])) 160 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[13], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[13])) 161 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[14], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[14])) 162 edit_menu.add_command(label=MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[15], command=lambda:print(MENU_EDIT_ITEMS[15])) 163 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[1], menu=edit_menu) 164 165 def menu_format(menubar): 166 '''定義菜單Format''' 167 format_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 168 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[0])) 169 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[1])) 170 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[2])) 171 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[3], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[3])) 172 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[4], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[4])) 173 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[5], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[5])) 174 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[6], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[6])) 175 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[7], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[7])) 176 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[8], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[8])) 177 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[9], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[9])) 178 format_menu.add_separator() 179 format_menu.add_command(label=MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[10], command=lambda:print(MENU_FORMAT_ITEMS[10])) 180 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[2], menu=format_menu) 181 182 def menu_run(menubar): 183 '''定義菜單Run''' 184 run_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 185 run_menu.add_command(label=MENU_RUN_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_RUN_ITEMS[0])) 186 run_menu.add_separator() 187 run_menu.add_command(label=MENU_RUN_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_RUN_ITEMS[1])) 188 run_menu.add_command(label=MENU_RUN_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_RUN_ITEMS[2])) 189 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[3], menu=run_menu) 190 191 def meun_options(menubar): 192 '''定義菜單Options''' 193 options_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 194 options_menu.add_command(label=MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[0])) 195 options_menu.add_separator() 196 options_menu.add_command(label=MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_OPTIONS_ITEMS[1])) 197 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[4], menu=options_menu) 198 199 def menu_windows(menubar): 200 '''定義菜單Windows''' 201 windows_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 202 windows_menu.add_command(label=MENU_WINDOWS_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_WINDOWS_ITEMS[0])) 203 windows_menu.add_separator() 204 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[5], menu=windows_menu) 205 206 def meun_help(menubar): 207 '''定義菜單Help''' 208 help_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 209 help_menu.add_command(label=MENU_HELP_ITEMS[0], command=lambda:print(MENU_HELP_ITEMS[0])) 210 help_menu.add_separator() 211 help_menu.add_command(label=MENU_HELP_ITEMS[1], command=lambda:print(MENU_HELP_ITEMS[1])) 212 help_menu.add_command(label=MENU_HELP_ITEMS[2], command=lambda:print(MENU_HELP_ITEMS[2])) 213 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[6], menu=help_menu) 214 215 def meun_test(menubar): 216 '''定義菜單Help''' 217 test_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=1) 218 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[0], command=about) 219 test_menu.add_separator() 220 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[1], command=help_test1) 221 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[2], command=help_test2) 222 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[3], command=help_test3) 223 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[4], command=help_test4) 224 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[5], command=help_test5) 225 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[6], command=help_test6) 226 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[7], command=help_test7) 227 test_menu.add_separator() 228 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[8], command=help_test8) 229 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[9], command=help_test9) 230 test_menu.add_separator() 231 test_menu.add_command(label=MENU_TEST_ITEMS[10], command=help_test10) 232 menubar.add_cascade(label=MENU_ITEMS[7], menu=test_menu) 233 234 ############################################################ 235 # Test Menu Items Functions 236 def about(): 237 '''Help-About IDEL function''' 238 label = Label(root, text=ABOUT_MESSAGE, fg='red') 239 label.pack(side='top') 240 241 def help_test1(): 242 ask = askokcancel('askokcancel messagebox','你確定要這樣做嗎？') 243 if ask: 244 # to do something 245 print('你選擇的是：確定') 246 else: 247 # to do something 248 print('你選擇的是：取消') 249 250 def help_test2(): 251 ask = askquestion('askquestion messagebox', '你很喜歡那個女孩嗎?') 252 if 'yes' == ask: 253 #to do something 254 print('是的，我很喜歡') 255 elif 'no' == ask: 256 #to do something 257 print('不是這樣的，我不喜歡她') 258 259 def help_test3(): 260 ask = askretrycancel('askretrycancel messagebox', '該程序被其他程序占用,請重試..') 261 if ask: 262 #to do something 263 print('重試') 264 else: 265 #to do something 266 print('取消重試') 267 268 def help_test4(): 269 ask = askyesno('askyesno messagebox', 'Can you cut down a tree with a herrign?') 270 print(ask) 271 if 'yes' == ask: 272 #to do something 273 print('yes') 274 elif 'no' == ask: 275 #to do something 276 print('no') 277 278 def help_test5(): 279 error = showerror('showerror messagebox', 'ClassNotFoundException...') 280 if 'ok' == error: 281 #to do something 282 print('你選擇的是確定...') 283 284 def help_test6(): 285 info = showinfo('showinfo messagebox', 'This is an ex-parrot') 286 if 'ok' == info: 287 #to do something 288 print('ok') 289 290 def help_test7(): 291 warn = showwarning('showwarning messagebox', '內存溢出...') 292 if 'ok' == warn: 293 #to do something 294 print('確認內存溢出...') 295 296 def help_test8(): 297 '''打開文件''' 298 #('All files', '*') 299 openfilename = askopenfilename(filetypes=[('xml', '*.xml')]) 300 try: 301 with open(openfilename, 'r') as fp: 302 for line in fp: 303 print(line) 304 fp.close() 305 except: 306 print('Could not open File:%s'%openfilename) 307 308 def help_test9(): 309 '''打開文件''' 310 saveasfilename = asksaveasfilename() 311 print('saves', saveasfilename.encode('utf-8')) 312 313 def help_test10(): 314 '''顏色面板選擇器''' 315 color = askcolor(title='顏色面板') 316 print(color) 317 318 ############################################################ 319 #init menu bar 320 def init_menu_bar(menubar): 321 '''初始化菜單條''' 322 menu_file(menubar) #file 323 menu_edit(menubar) #edit 324 menu_format(menubar) #format 325 menu_run(menubar) #run 326 meun_options(menubar) #options 327 menu_windows(menubar) #windows 328 meun_help(menubar) #help 329 meun_test(menubar) #test 330 331 #獲得窗口對象 332 root = get_tk() 333 #設置窗口大小 334 set_tk_geometry(root, '') 335 #設置窗口title 336 set_tk_title(root, 'Python 3.3.2 Shell') 337 #獲取菜單對象 338 menubar = get_menu(root) 339 #初始化菜單 340 init_menu_bar(menubar) 341 #加載菜單配置 342 root.config(menu=menubar) 343 344 mainloop()