本節主要涉及到 Windows phone 8 手機支持的各類設備，包括相機、設備狀態，振動裝置等。還有各類感應器，包括磁力計、加速度器和陀螺儀。通過設備狀態可以獲取內存、硬件、電源、鍵盤等狀態；通過相機捕獲照片和視頻；各類感應器幫助我們獲取設備的運動狀態等。
快速導航：
一、設備狀態
二、相機
三、羅盤傳感器
四、加速度計
五、陀螺儀
六、如何振動手機
一、設備狀態
通過DeviceStatus 類我們可以確定設備的相關狀態信息，比如內存大小啊，固件版本啊，還有是否部署了物理鍵盤等信息，以及與電源的相關信息，當前是電池還是外部電源等。
我們通過下面的代碼展示如何獲取這些信息。
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)
{
var timer = new DispatcherTimer();
timer.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 10);
timer.Tick += new EventHandler((a, b) =>
{
//當前內存使用了多少字節
var x = Microsoft.Phone.Info.DeviceStatus.ApplicationCurrentMemoryUsage;
textblock1.Text = "當前內存：" + convert(x);
//高峰時內存使用了多少字節
var y = Microsoft.Phone.Info.DeviceStatus.ApplicationPeakMemoryUsage;
textblock2.Text = "峰值內存：" + convert(y);
});
timer.Start();
textblock3.Text = "設備制造商名："+ DeviceStatus.DeviceManufacturer;
textblock4.Text = "設備名：" + DeviceStatus.DeviceName;
textblock5.Text = "固件版本："+ DeviceStatus.DeviceFirmwareVersion;
textblock6.Text = "硬件版本："+ DeviceStatus.DeviceHardwareVersion;
textblock7.Text = "物理內存大小："+convert( DeviceStatus.DeviceTotalMemory);
textblock8.Text = "應用進程可分配最大額外內存：" + convert(DeviceStatus.ApplicationMemoryUsageLimit);
textblock9.Text ="是否包含硬件鍵盤："+ DeviceStatus.IsKeyboardPresent.ToString();
textblock10.Text = "是否部署硬件鍵盤：" + DeviceStatus.IsKeyboardDeployed.ToString();
textblock11.Text = "電源狀態：" + DeviceStatus.PowerSource.ToString();
//關閉或部署鍵盤時
DeviceStatus.KeyboardDeployedChanged += new EventHandler((a, b) => {
textblock9.Text = "鍵盤變更，是否包含硬件鍵盤：" + DeviceStatus.IsKeyboardPresent.ToString();
});
//設備電源變更時
DeviceStatus.PowerSourceChanged += new EventHandler((a, b) =>
{
textblock11.Text = "電源狀態變更：" + DeviceStatus.PowerSource.ToString();
});
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
}
private string convert(long x)
{
return Math.Round(x / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2) + "M";
}
二、相機
有兩個類可以調用相機，分別是PhotoCamera和PhotoCaptureDevice，一般如果要支持WP7以及對相機基本調用則使用前者，后者用於相機的高級捕獲。
1.PhotoCamera
我們首先通過PhotoCamera來訪問相機，我們可以實現一個具備拍照功能的基本相機，包含自動對焦、閃光燈、分辨率調整等功能，下面代碼演示了如何使用。
[XAML] <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
<Canvas x:Name="canvas1" Margin="0,0,0,0" Tap="canvas1_Tap" Width="800" Height="480">
<Canvas.Background>
<VideoBrush x:Name="viewfinderBrush" />
</Canvas.Background>
<TextBlock x:Name="focusBrackets" Text="[ ]" FontSize="40" Visibility="Collapsed"/>
</Canvas>
<ListBox x:Name="listbox1" Margin="95,394,538,59" SelectionChanged="listbox1_SelectionChanged">
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}"></TextBlock>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="ListBoxItem">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,0,10,0" />
</Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<ListBox.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"></StackPanel>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemsPanel>
</ListBox>
<TextBlock x:Name="textblock1" Foreground="Red" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="584,22,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,394,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="閃光燈：" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="273,394,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="分辨率：" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<ListBox x:Name="listbox2" Margin="350,394,10,59" SelectionChanged="listbox2_SelectionChanged">
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="ListBoxItem">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,0,10,0" />
</Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<ListBox.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemsPanel>
</ListBox>
<Button Content="對焦" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="517,410,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
<Button Content="拍照" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="623,410,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="Button_Click_2"/>
<TextBlock Width="500" x:Name="textblock2" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,434,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
</Grid>
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
// 構造函數
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
PhotoCamera photoCamera;
MediaLibrary library = new MediaLibrary();
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)
{
//判斷是否支持相機
if (PhotoCamera.IsCameraTypeSupported(CameraType.Primary))
{
textblock1.Text = "當前取景：后置攝像頭";
photoCamera = new PhotoCamera(CameraType.Primary);
}
else if (PhotoCamera.IsCameraTypeSupported(CameraType.FrontFacing))
{
textblock1.Text = "當前取景：前置攝像頭";
photoCamera = new PhotoCamera(CameraType.FrontFacing);
}
else
{
textblock1.Text = "設備不支持相機";
return;
}
textblock2.Text = "相機正在初始化中.";
viewfinderBrush.SetSource(photoCamera);
//相機初始化完成時
photoCamera.Initialized += (a, b) =>
{
if (b.Succeeded)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
SupportedFlashModesInit();
AvailableResolutionsInit();
textblock2.Text = "相機初始化完成.";
});
}
};
//有圖像可用時（拍攝完成）
photoCamera.CaptureImageAvailable += (a, b) =>
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "正在保存照片."; });
library.SavePictureToCameraRoll(Guid.NewGuid().ToString() + ".jpg", b.ImageStream);
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "照片保存成功."; });
};
//對焦完成時
photoCamera.AutoFocusCompleted += (a, b) =>
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
textblock2.Text = "自動對焦完成.";
focusBrackets.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
});
};
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
}
/// <summary>
/// 顯示支持的閃光模式
/// </summary>
private void SupportedFlashModesInit()
{
List<string> flashModes = new List<string>() { "關" };
if (photoCamera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.On)) flashModes.Add("開");
if (photoCamera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.Auto)) flashModes.Add("自動");
if (photoCamera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.RedEyeReduction)) flashModes.Add("紅眼");
listbox1.ItemsSource = flashModes;
}
/// <summary>
/// 顯示支持的分辨率
/// </summary>
private void AvailableResolutionsInit()
{
listbox2.ItemsSource = photoCamera.AvailableResolutions;
}
//對焦
private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//是否支持自動對焦
if (photoCamera.IsFocusSupported == true)
{
try
{
photoCamera.Focus();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "對焦錯誤：" + ex.Message; });
}
}
else
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "相機不支持自動對焦."; });
}
}
//拍照
private void Button_Click_2(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (photoCamera != null)
{
try
{
photoCamera.CaptureImage();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "拍照錯誤：" + ex.Message; });
}
}
}
//特定點對焦
private void canvas1_Tap(object sender, GestureEventArgs e)
{
if (photoCamera == null) return;
if (!photoCamera.IsFocusAtPointSupported)
{
textblock2.Text = "不支持特定點對焦";
return;
}
try
{
Point tapLocation = e.GetPosition(canvas1);
focusBrackets.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, tapLocation.X - 30);
focusBrackets.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, tapLocation.Y - 28);
double focusXPercentage = tapLocation.X / canvas1.Width;
double focusYPercentage = tapLocation.Y / canvas1.Height;
focusBrackets.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
photoCamera.FocusAtPoint(focusXPercentage, focusYPercentage);
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
{
textblock2.Text = String.Format("針對位置 [{0:N2} , {1:N2}] 開始對焦", focusXPercentage, focusYPercentage);
});
}
catch (Exception focusError)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
{
textblock2.Text ="對焦錯誤："+ focusError.Message;
focusBrackets.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
});
}
}
//切換閃光燈模式
private void listbox1_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.AddedItems.Count == 0) return;
switch (e.AddedItems[0].ToString())
{
case "關":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Off;
break;
case "自動":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Auto;
break;
case "紅眼":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.RedEyeReduction;
break;
case "開":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.On;
break;
}
textblock2.Text = "已將閃光模式設置為：" + e.AddedItems[0].ToString();
}
//切換分辨率
private void listbox2_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.AddedItems.Count == 0) return;
photoCamera.Resolution = (Size)e.AddedItems[0];
textblock2.Text = "已將分辨率設置為：" + photoCamera.Resolution.ToString();
}
}
2.PhotoCaptureDevice
PhotoCaptureDevice對相機的高級捕獲很多都是用於支持后續版本的，下面我們簡單演示下通過PhotoCaptureDevice捕獲照片並顯示出來的方法。
[XAML] <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
<Canvas x:Name="canvas1" Margin="0,0,0,0" Width="800" Height="480">
<Canvas.Background>
<VideoBrush x:Name="viewfinderBrush" />
</Canvas.Background>
<Button Content="拍照" Canvas.Left="653" Canvas.Top="383" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
<Image x:Name="img1" Height="231" Canvas.Left="508" Canvas.Top="87" Width="220"/>
</Canvas>
</Grid>
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
// 構造函數
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
PhotoCaptureDevice photoCaptureDevice;
CameraCaptureSequence cameraCaptureSequence;
MemoryStream captureStream = new MemoryStream();
protected async override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
if (PhotoCaptureDevice.AvailableSensorLocations.Contains(CameraSensorLocation.Back))
{
var SupportedResolutions = PhotoCaptureDevice.GetAvailableCaptureResolutions(CameraSensorLocation.Back);
photoCaptureDevice = await PhotoCaptureDevice.OpenAsync(CameraSensorLocation.Back, SupportedResolutions[0]);
}
else if (PhotoCaptureDevice.AvailableSensorLocations.Contains(CameraSensorLocation.Front))
{
var SupportedResolutions = PhotoCaptureDevice.GetAvailableCaptureResolutions(CameraSensorLocation.Front);
photoCaptureDevice = await PhotoCaptureDevice.OpenAsync(CameraSensorLocation.Front, SupportedResolutions[0]);
}
else
{
return;
}
viewfinderBrush.SetSource(photoCaptureDevice);
cameraCaptureSequence = photoCaptureDevice.CreateCaptureSequence(1);
// Set camera properties.
photoCaptureDevice.SetProperty(KnownCameraPhotoProperties.FlashMode, FlashState.On);
photoCaptureDevice.SetProperty(KnownCameraGeneralProperties.PlayShutterSoundOnCapture, true);
photoCaptureDevice.SetProperty(KnownCameraGeneralProperties.AutoFocusRange, AutoFocusRange.Infinity);
cameraCaptureSequence.Frames[0].DesiredProperties[KnownCameraPhotoProperties.SceneMode] = CameraSceneMode.Portrait;
cameraCaptureSequence.Frames[0].CaptureStream = captureStream.AsOutputStream();
await photoCaptureDevice.PrepareCaptureSequenceAsync(cameraCaptureSequence);
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
}
public async void Capture()
{
await cameraCaptureSequence.StartCaptureAsync();
var b = new BitmapImage();
b.SetSource(captureStream);
img1.Source = b;
}
private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Capture();
}
}
三、羅盤傳感器
羅盤傳感器用於感知地球磁場，功能主要是用於確定方向，有了它，我們可以開發類似指南針的應用。
不是每個設備都必須支持羅盤傳感器的，所以我們需要在使用前判斷設備是否支持。
[C#] if (!Compass.IsSupported)
{
MessageBox.Show("設備不支持羅盤");
return;
}
如果設備支持，我們還需要判斷羅盤的精度，如果精度不高，需要提醒用戶校對精度。當羅盤獲取數據時，通過CurrentValueChanged事件處理獲取的數據。
[XAML]<Canvas x:Name="canvas1" Background="Black" Visibility="Collapsed">
<Image x:Name="image3" Canvas.Top="12" Canvas.Left="70" Source="Image/3.png"/>
<TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="450" Canvas.Top="240" Text=" 您的羅盤需要校驗，請按照上圖所示的方式移動您的手機，系統將自動完成校驗過程。" />
<Button Content="完成校驗" Canvas.Left="154" Canvas.Top="596" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
</Canvas>
[C#]
compass = new Compass(); //指定數據更新時間間隔. compass.TimeBetweenUpdates = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20); //從羅盤傳感器獲取數據時發生 compass.CurrentValueChanged += new EventHandler<SensorReadingEventArgs<CompassReading>>(compass_CurrentValueChanged); //羅盤需要校驗時發生 compass.Calibrate += new EventHandler<CalibrationEventArgs>(compass_Calibrate);
compass.Start(); //從傳感器獲取新數據時發生 void compass_CurrentValueChanged(object sender, SensorReadingEventArgs<CompassReading> e) { //獲取到地球地理北極順時值偏移角度 trueHeading = e.SensorReading.TrueHeading; } //羅盤需要校驗時發生 void compass_Calibrate(object sender, CalibrationEventArgs e) { Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { //羅盤需要校驗，canvas1指示用戶校驗 canvas1.Visibility = Visibility.Visible; }); }
四、加速度計
加速度計用於測試某個時刻設備在空間中的姿態。它與重力相關。它的取值在分為x、y、z三個方向取值，下面我們理解下這些取值含義。我們假設設備正面向上平躺在水平桌面為參照標准：
x：設備左傾的趨勢越大，值越小，左傾90度時，值為-1；相反，右傾時值越大，最大為1。
y：設備后傾的趨勢越大，值越小，后傾90度時，值為-1；相反，前傾時值越大，最大為1。
z：設備下傾的趨勢越大，值越大，下傾180度（翻面了）時，值為1；正面朝上（不動）時，最為-1。
總的說來，x控制左右，y控制前后，z控制上下。下面我們在看看如何使用。
[C#]//校驗設備是否支持
if (!Accelerometer.IsSupported)
{
MessageBox.Show("設備不支持重力感應");
}
var accelerometer = new Accelerometer();
accelerometer.TimeBetweenUpdates = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20);
//從加速度傳感器獲取數據時發生
accelerometer.CurrentValueChanged += new EventHandler<SensorReadingEventArgs<AccelerometerReading>>(accelerometer_CurrentValueChanged);
accelerometer.Start();
//從加速度傳感器獲取數據時發生
void accelerometer_CurrentValueChanged(object sender, SensorReadingEventArgs<AccelerometerReading> e)
{
//獲取到設備加速度矢量
vector3 = e.SensorReading.Acceleration;
}
五、陀螺儀
陀螺儀用於檢測設備在空間中的旋轉趨勢。它的三個取值即為設備繞三個坐標軸的旋轉速度。
x：水平左右向軸的旋轉速度。
y：水平前后向軸的旋轉速度。
z：垂直上下向軸的旋轉速度。
然后我們看看如何調用陀螺儀。
[C#]//判斷設備是否支持陀螺儀
if (!Gyroscope.IsSupported)
{
MessageBox.Show("設備不支持陀螺儀");
}
gyroscope = new Gyroscope();
gyroscope.TimeBetweenUpdates = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20);
//從陀螺儀獲取數據時發生
gyroscope.CurrentValueChanged += new EventHandler<SensorReadingEventArgs<GyroscopeReading>>(gyroscope_CurrentValueChanged);
//啟動陀螺儀，實際使用可能啟動失敗需要捕獲異常
gyroscope.Start();
//從陀螺儀獲取數據是發生
void gyroscope_CurrentValueChanged(object sender, SensorReadingEventArgs<GyroscopeReading> e)
{
//獲取設備繞每個軸的旋轉速度
var rotationRate = e.SensorReading.RotationRate;
}
六、如何振動手機
手機的振動可以通過一句簡單的API完成，在某些情況下可能還需要設置振動的世界，以及提前結束振動。下面代碼演示了如何操作。
[C#] VibrateController testVibrateController = VibrateController.Default;
//定義振動時間
testVibrateController.Start(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
//在振動時間達到前停止振動
testVibrateController.Stop();
作者：[
Lipan]
出處：[ http://www.cnblogs.com/lipan/]
版權聲明：本文的版權歸作者與博客園共有。轉載時須注明原文出處以及作者，並保留原文指向型鏈接，不得更改原文內容。否則作者將保留追究其法律責任。
出處：[ http://www.cnblogs.com/lipan/]
版權聲明：本文的版權歸作者與博客園共有。轉載時須注明原文出處以及作者，並保留原文指向型鏈接，不得更改原文內容。否則作者將保留追究其法律責任。