Windows phone 8 學習筆記(3) 通信

Windows phone 8 可利用的數據通信方式比較廣泛，在硬件支持的前提下，我們可以利用WiFi、藍牙、臨近感應等多種方式。數據交互一般通過套接字來完成，我們將在本文詳細的分析。

快速導航：
    一、WP8套接字
    二、藍牙
    三、NFC
    四、獲取網絡狀態
    五、訪問web的幾種方式

一、WP8套接字

1）創建套接字客戶端

Windows phone 8中的套接字並不支持發布服務端，我們只能利用它在手機上創建套接字客戶端，我們在此例中要用套接字去訪問web服務器。首先，我們定義一個SocketClient來表示套接字客戶端。

[C#]

    public class SocketClient
    {

        //緩存套接字對象以便在整個生命周期重用
        Socket _socket = null;

        // 信號通知對象，用於異步操作完成通知
        static ManualResetEvent _clientDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);

        /// <summary>
        /// 為每個異步調用設置超時時間
        /// </summary>
        const int TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS = 30000;

        /// <summary>
        /// 數據緩沖區大小
        /// </summary>
        const int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048 * 100;

        /// <summary>
        /// 關閉套接字連接和釋放所有相關的資源
        /// </summary>
        public void Close()
        {
            if (_socket != null)
            {
                _socket.Close();
            }
        }
    }

    這個客戶端包含連接服務器、發送信息和接受信息三個方法。我們將如下代碼加入SocketClient類：
    連接：
[C#]

        /// <summary>
        /// 嘗試用TCP套接字連接到指定主機端口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hostName">主機名</param>
        /// <param name="portNumber">端口號</param>
        /// <returns>描述連接結果</returns>
        public string Connect(string hostName, int portNumber)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;

            //創建一個終結點,主機名、端口號
            DnsEndPoint hostEntry = new DnsEndPoint(hostName, portNumber);

            //創建一個基於流，TCP套接字。
            _socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            //套接字上下文
            SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
            socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = hostEntry;

            socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
            {
                //執行的狀態信息
                result = e.SocketError.ToString();
                //將當前線程設置為收到信息狀態，這樣被阻止的線程可以繼續執行
                _clientDone.Set();
            });

            //標識當前進程為未收到信息狀態
            _clientDone.Reset();

            // 發送一個異步連接請求
            _socket.ConnectAsync(socketEventArg);
            //將當前線程阻止，直到當前線程收到信息或者超時時間已到
            _clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS);

            return result;
        }

    發送消息：
[C#]

        /// <summary>
        /// 向連接的服務器發送信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">數據正文</param>
        /// <returns>反饋</returns>
        public string Send(string data)
        {
            string response = "操作超時";

            //套接字是否准備好
            if (_socket != null)
            {
                //套接字上下文
                SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();

                socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = _socket.RemoteEndPoint;
                socketEventArg.UserToken = null;

                socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
                {
                    response = e.SocketError.ToString();
                    _clientDone.Set();
                });
                byte[] payload = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
                socketEventArg.SetBuffer(payload, 0, payload.Length);
                _clientDone.Reset();
                _socket.SendAsync(socketEventArg);
                _clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS);
            }
            else
            {
                response = "套接字沒有准備好";
            }

            return response;
        }

    接受消息：
[C#]

        /// <summary>
        /// 從連接服務器接收數據
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The data received from the server</returns>
        public string Receive()
        {
            string response = "操作超時";

            if (_socket != null)
            {
                SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
                socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = _socket.RemoteEndPoint;

                //設置接收數據的緩沖區
                socketEventArg.SetBuffer(new Byte[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE], 0, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);

                socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
                {
                    if (e.SocketError == SocketError.Success)
                    {
                        // Retrieve the data from the buffer
                        response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, e.Offset, e.BytesTransferred);
                        response = response.Trim('\0');
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        response = "錯誤：" + e.SocketError.ToString();
                    }

                    _clientDone.Set();
                });

                _clientDone.Reset();
                _socket.ReceiveAsync(socketEventArg);
                _clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS);
            }
            else
            {
                response = "套接字沒有准備好";
            }

            return response;
        }

2）通過套接字訪問HTTP網站

現在我們有了套接字客戶端，這個時候我們來做一個類似於瀏覽器的功能，我們模擬HTTP請求發送到web服務器，代碼如下：

[XAML]

    <!--LayoutRoot 是包含所有頁面內容的根網格-->
    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <!--TitlePanel 包含應用程序的名稱和頁標題-->
        <StackPanel x:Name="TitlePanel" Grid.Row="0" Margin="12,17,0,28">
            <TextBlock x:Name="ApplicationTitle" Text="套接字訪問web" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextNormalStyle}"/>
        </StackPanel>

        <!--ContentPanel - 在此處放置其他內容-->
        <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,0,12,0">
            <TextBox x:Name="textbox1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="72" Margin="-10,-17,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="www.hao123.com" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="395"/>
            <Button Content="轉到" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="364,-17,-9,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
        </Grid>
        <ScrollViewer Height="649" Width="468" Margin="12,47,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left"  Grid.Row="1"  VerticalAlignment="Top" >
            <TextBlock ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Visible"  ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Visible" x:Name="textblok1" Height="649" Width="468" MaxHeight="649" MaxWidth="468" />
        </ScrollViewer>
    </Grid>

[C#]

        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {

            string hostName = textbox1.Text.Replace("http://", string.Empty);
            SocketClient client = new SocketClient();
            //主機，端口號
            textblok1.Text = client.Connect(hostName, 80);
            //模擬一個HTTP Get請求
            textblok1.Text = client.Send("GET http://" + hostName + " HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: " + hostName + "\r\n\r\n\r\n");
            //等待相應
            textblok1.Text = client.Receive();

        }

 

二、藍牙

WP8藍牙支持對等方應用連接，也支持其他藍牙設備，下面我們看看如何連接到對等方應用和設備。

1）連接到對等方

[C#]

        //已經搜索到的對等方列表
        IReadOnlyList<PeerInformation> peers;

        // 開始連接到對等應用
        async void AppToApp()
        {
            // 開始查找對等項，如果有這句話，即可使自己能夠被其他藍牙設備搜索到
            PeerFinder.Start();

            peers = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync();

            if (peers.Count == 0)
            {
               // 沒有發現
            }
            else
            {
                // 選擇第一個對等應用
                PeerInformation selectedPeer = peers[0];
                // 連接到第一個對等方應用
                var streamSocket = await PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(selectedPeer);
            }
        }

2）連接到設備

PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:Paired"] = ""; 查找所有已配對的設備。這樣連接找到的設備對應的PeerInformation.ServiceName將為空，所以我們不能通過PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(selectedPeer);的方式去連接，具體示例如下：

[C#]

        //搜尋全部藍牙設備並連接第一個
        private async void AppToDevice()
        {
            // 搜索所有配對的設備
            PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:Paired"] = "";
            var pairedDevices = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync();

            if (pairedDevices.Count == 0)
            {
                //沒有發現設備
            }
            else
            {
                // 選擇第一個連接的設備，此時selectedDevice.ServiceName為空
                PeerInformation selectedDevice = pairedDevices[0];

                // 主動創建一個StreamSocket
                StreamSocket socket = new StreamSocket();
                // 第二個參數是一個RFCOMM端口號，范圍是1-30
                await socket.ConnectAsync(selectedDevice.HostName, "1");
            }
        }

PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:SDP"] = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX";查找使用服務發現協議 (SDP) 並通過既定 GUID 播發服務的設備

[C#]

        //搜尋特定GUID的設備
        private async void AppToDevice2()
        {
            PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:SDP"] = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX";
            var pairedDevices = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync();

            if (pairedDevices.Count == 0)
            {
                //沒有發現設備
            }
            else
            {
                // 選擇第一個連接的設備
                PeerInformation selectedDevice = pairedDevices[0];

                // 主動創建一個StreamSocket
                StreamSocket socket = new StreamSocket();
                // 這種情況下selectedDevice.ServiceName等於您指定的GUID
                await socket.ConnectAsync(selectedDevice.HostName, selectedDevice.ServiceName);
            }
        }

3）偵聽連接請求

[C#]

        public Page1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            //偵聽連接請求需要先添加事件
            Loaded += MainPage_Loaded;
        }

        void MainPage_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            //遠程對等類異步連接時觸發
            PeerFinder.ConnectionRequested += PeerFinder_ConnectionRequested;
        }
        async void PeerFinder_ConnectionRequested(object sender, ConnectionRequestedEventArgs args)
        {
            // 獲取到請求連接的對等方
            var peer = args.PeerInformation;
            // 回應連接
            var streamSocket = await PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(peer);
        }

4）發送消息

[C#]

        /// <summary>
        /// 在已連接的情況下發送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="socket"></param>
        public async void Send(StreamSocket socket, string msg)
        {
            var _dataWriter = new DataWriter(socket.OutputStream);

            //寫入消息的長度
            uint strLength = _dataWriter.MeasureString(msg);
            _dataWriter.WriteUInt32(strLength);

            //寫入消息的內容
            _dataWriter.WriteString(msg);
            uint numBytesWritten = await _dataWriter.StoreAsync();
        }

5）接收消息

[C#]

        /// <summary>
        /// 在已連接的情況下讀取消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="socket"></param>
        public async Task<string> Read(StreamSocket socket)
        {
            var _dataReader = new DataReader(socket.InputStream);
            // 讀取消息長度
            await _dataReader.LoadAsync(sizeof(uint));
            uint msgLength = (uint)_dataReader.ReadUInt32();
            // 讀取消息的內容
            await _dataReader.LoadAsync(msgLength);
            return _dataReader.ReadString(msgLength);
        }

 

三、NFC

當兩個設備距離較近時，可以使用近場通信技術，本文演示一個使用近場通信制作聊天軟件的例子。

[XAML]

        <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,0,12,0">
            <TextBlock x:Name="textblock1"  Text="連接狀態：未連接" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,0,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top">
            </TextBlock>
            <TextBox x:Name="textbox1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="72" Margin="0,27,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="386"/>
            <Button Content="發送" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="369,29,-9,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
            <ListBox x:Name="listbox1" Margin="0,100,0,0" Grid.Row="1"/>
        </Grid>

[C#]

    public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
    {
        ProximityDevice device;

        long typeId = -1;
        long msgId = -1;
        public MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            device = ProximityDevice.GetDefault();
            if (device == null)
            {
                IsEnabled = false;
                textblock1.Text = "您的手機不支持NFC功能";
            }
            else
            {
                //設備進入NFC識別范圍時觸發
                device.DeviceArrived += device_DeviceArrived;
                //設備離開NFC識別范圍時觸發
                device.DeviceDeparted += device_DeviceDeparted;
            }
        }

        //設備進入NFC識別范圍時觸發
        void device_DeviceArrived(ProximityDevice sender)
        {
            //創建消息訂閱，創建好后就可以直接發消息了
            typeId = sender.SubscribeForMessage("Windows.MyMsgType", MsgReceivedHandler);
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock1.Text = "連接狀態：已連接");
        }

        //設備離開NFC識別范圍時觸發
        void device_DeviceDeparted(ProximityDevice sender)
        {
            if (typeId != -1)
            {
                //取消消息訂閱
                sender.StopSubscribingForMessage(typeId);
                typeId = -1;
            }

            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock1.Text = "連接狀態：連接中斷");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 接收到消息后的處理邏輯
        /// </summary>
        void MsgReceivedHandler(ProximityDevice sender, ProximityMessage message)
        {
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
            {
                listbox1.Items.Add(("對方：" + message.DataAsString));
            }); 
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 發送消息按鈕按下時
        /// </summary>
        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (textbox1.Text != string.Empty)
            {
                listbox1.Items.Add("我：" + textbox1.Text);

                if (msgId != -1)
                    device.StopPublishingMessage(msgId);

                msgId = device.PublishMessage("Windows.MyMsgType", textbox1.Text);
            }
        }
    }

現在我們看看在模擬器中的效果，如下圖。模擬器中實現NFC的模擬效果請下載：http://proximitytapper.codeplex.com

四、獲取網絡狀態

很多時候，應用可能需要利用到網絡，這個時候我們需要獲取一些信息，比如網絡是否連接，當前是連接到WiFi還是運營商蜂窩網絡。這些信息關系到您的應用是否能正常工作，或者是否處於免費網絡下可執行高流量下載等操作。

1. 數據感知

數據感知功能可以用來獲取網絡成本信息以及流量計划，幫助用戶合理使用手機流量，我們看看使用方法。

[C#]

var connectionProfile = Windows.Networking.Connectivity.NetworkInformation.GetInternetConnectionProfile();

//網絡接口類型
var ianaInterfaceType = connectionProfile.NetworkAdapter.IanaInterfaceType;

//連接成本信息
var connectionCost = connectionProfile.GetConnectionCost();

//當前的網絡使用成本
var networkCostType = connectionCost.NetworkCostType;
//計划流量是否快用完
var approachingDataLimit = connectionCost.ApproachingDataLimit;
//是否超過計划流量
var overDataLimit = connectionCost.OverDataLimit;
//是否漫游
var roaming = connectionCost.Roaming;

2. 網絡信息獲取

我們可以通過API獲取網絡接口狀態，檢查手機數據網絡以及WiFi連接情況等。

[XAML]

        <!--ContentPanel - 在此處放置其他內容-->
        <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,0,12,0">
        <TextBlock x:Name="textblock1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="157,10,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="未知" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="17,10,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="移動運營商：" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>


        <TextBlock x:Name="textblock2" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="154,50,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="未知" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="220" Width="292"/>
        <TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="14,50,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="網絡信息：" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
            <TextBlock x:Name="textblock3" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="91,275,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="未知" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="182" Width="365"/>
            <TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="17,275,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="106" Width="69">
            	<Run Text="套接字連接信息："/>
            </TextBlock>
            <Button Content="<-" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="370,617,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="86" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
        </Grid>

[C#]

        Socket socket;
        protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)
        {

            //移動運營商
            textblock1.Text = DeviceNetworkInformation.CellularMobileOperator;



            //網絡信息
            System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
            sb.Append("網絡是否可用:  ");
            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsNetworkAvailable.ToString());
            sb.Append("是否啟用蜂窩數據:  ");
            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataEnabled.ToString());
            sb.Append("是否允許漫游:  ");
            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataRoamingEnabled.ToString());
            sb.Append("是否啟用Wi-Fi:  ");
            sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsWiFiEnabled.ToString());

            //網絡接口信息
            sb.Append("網絡接口類型:  ");
            var networkInterfaceType = NetworkInterface.NetworkInterfaceType;
            var networkInterfaceTypeString = networkInterfaceType.ToString() + "(" + InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(networkInterfaceType) + ")";
            sb.AppendLine(networkInterfaceTypeString);

            sb.Append("網絡接口子類型:  ");
            var networkSubInterfaceTypeString = string.Empty;
            DeviceNetworkInformation.ResolveHostNameAsync(new DnsEndPoint("www.baidu.com", 80),
                new NameResolutionCallback(x =>
                    {
                        networkSubInterfaceTypeString = x.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype.ToString() + "[" + InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(x.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype) + "]";

                        sb.AppendLine(networkSubInterfaceTypeString);
                        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = sb.ToString(); });
                    }), null);



            //套接字連接信息
            DnsEndPoint hostEntry = new DnsEndPoint("www.baidu.com", 80);
            socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            //設置連接要求，必須為使用蜂窩技術網絡
            socket.SetNetworkRequirement(NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.Cellular);
            SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
            socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = hostEntry;
            socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e1)
            {
                NetworkInterfaceInfo netInterfaceInfo = socket.GetCurrentNetworkInterface();
                StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();
                sb2.AppendLine("最后更新: " + DateTime.Now.ToString());
                sb2.Append("網絡接口名: ");
                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceName);
                sb2.Append("網絡接口狀態: ");
                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceState.ToString());
                sb2.Append("網絡接口類型: ");
                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceType.ToString());
                sb2.Append("網絡接口子類型: ");
                sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceSubtype.ToString());
                Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock3.Text = sb2.ToString());
            });
            socket.ConnectAsync(socketEventArg);



            base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
        }

        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/Page1.xaml", UriKind.Relative));
        }

3. 檢測網絡狀態改變

手機的網絡連接並不如電腦穩定，當你到信號不好的地方，或者自動連接上WiFi等情況，怎么通過代碼自動監測呢，下面演示了當手機網絡改變時，列舉出日志清單，並實時刷新網絡信息。

[XAML]

    <!--LayoutRoot 是包含所有頁面內容的根網格-->
    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <StackPanel x:Name="TitlePanel" Grid.Row="0" Margin="12,17,0,28">
            <TextBlock x:Name="ApplicationTitle" Text="網絡狀態改變測試" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextNormalStyle}"/>
        </StackPanel>

        <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,0,12,0">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Text="可用的網絡接口" FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeLarge}"/>
            <ListBox Grid.Row="1" x:Name="lbNetworkInterfaces" ItemsSource="{Binding}" Background="LightGray" >
                <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding}" Margin="5,5,0,5" Foreground="Black"/>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
            </ListBox>
            <TextBlock Grid.Row="2" Text="事件日志" FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeLarge}"/>
            <ScrollViewer Grid.Row="3" Background="LightGray" BorderThickness="1">
                <ListBox x:Name="lbNetworkChanges" ItemsSource="{Binding}">
                    <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                        <DataTemplate>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding}" Foreground="Black" 
                                    FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}" TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="5,10,0,10"  />
                        </DataTemplate>
                    </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                </ListBox>
            </ScrollViewer>
            <TextBlock Grid.Row="4" Text="網絡狀態" FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeLarge}"/>
            <Grid Grid.Row="5" Background="LightGray" >
                <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                    <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                    <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                    <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                    <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
                    <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
                </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Text="網絡是否可用" Foreground="Black" Margin="5,5,0,5" />
                <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" x:Name="tbIsNetworkAvailable" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Foreground="Black" />

                <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Foreground="Black" Margin="5,5,0,5" >
                	<Run Text="WiFi是否可用"/>
                </TextBlock>
                <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" x:Name="tbIsWiFiEnabled" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Foreground="Black"/>

                <TextBlock Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Text="是否啟用蜂窩數據" Foreground="Black" Margin="5,5,0,5" />
                <TextBlock Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" x:Name="tbIsCellularDataEnabled" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Foreground="Black"/>
            </Grid>
            <Button Grid.Row="6" x:Name="btnChangeNetworkSettings" Content="飛行" Click="Button_Click_3" Margin="314,0,46,0"/>
            <Button Content="->" Margin="391,0,-15,0" Grid.Row="6" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
            <Button Content="刷新" Margin="-15,0,370,0" Grid.Row="6" Click="Button_Click_2"/>
            <Button Content="WiFi" Margin="66,0,288,0" Grid.Row="6" Click="Button_Click_3" />
            <Button Content="網絡" Margin="150,0,204,0" Grid.Row="6" Click="Button_Click_3" />
            <Button Content="藍牙" Margin="232,0,122,0" Grid.Row="6" Click="Button_Click_3" />
        </Grid>
    </Grid>

[C#]

    public partial class Page1 : PhoneApplicationPage
    {

        public ObservableCollection<string> Changes { get; set; }

        public ObservableCollection<string> NetworkInterfaces { get; set; }

        public Page1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();


            // 網絡可用性改變事件日志
            Changes = new ObservableCollection<string>();
            lbNetworkChanges.DataContext = Changes;

            //當前可用的網絡接口
            NetworkInterfaces = new ObservableCollection<string>();
            lbNetworkInterfaces.DataContext = NetworkInterfaces;
            //網絡可用性改變時
            DeviceNetworkInformation.NetworkAvailabilityChanged += new EventHandler<NetworkNotificationEventArgs>(ChangeDetected);

            UpdateNetworkInterfaces();
            UpdateNetworkStatus();
        }

        void ChangeDetected(object sender, NetworkNotificationEventArgs e)
        {
            string change = string.Empty;
            switch (e.NotificationType)
            {
                case NetworkNotificationType.InterfaceConnected:
                    change = "連接: ";
                    break;
                case NetworkNotificationType.InterfaceDisconnected:
                    change = "斷開: ";
                    break;
                case NetworkNotificationType.CharacteristicUpdate:
                    change = "變更: ";
                    break;
                default:
                    change = "未知: ";
                    break;
            }

            string changeInformation = String.Format(" {0} {1} {2} ({3})",
                        DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(), change, e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceName,
                        InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceType) + "," + InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype));

            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
            {
                Changes.Add(changeInformation);
                UpdateNetworkStatus();
                UpdateNetworkInterfaces();

            });

        }

        //更新網絡接口
        private void UpdateNetworkInterfaces()
        {

            NetworkInterfaces.Clear();
            //獲取網絡接口列表
            NetworkInterfaceList networkInterfaceList = new NetworkInterfaceList();
            foreach (NetworkInterfaceInfo networkInterfaceInfo in networkInterfaceList)
            {
                NetworkInterfaces.Add(String.Format("{0} ({1},{2})",
                    networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceName,
                    InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceType),
                    InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceSubtype)));
            }
        }

        //更新網絡狀態
        private void UpdateNetworkStatus()
        {
            tbIsCellularDataEnabled.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataEnabled) ? "是" : "否";
            tbIsNetworkAvailable.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsNetworkAvailable) ? "是" : "否";
            tbIsWiFiEnabled.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsWiFiEnabled) ? "是" : "否";
        }

        //連接設置
        private void Button_Click_3(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            var settringTypeString = string.Empty;
            var button = sender as Button;
            if (button != null) settringTypeString = Convert.ToString(button.Content);
            var settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.WiFi;
            switch (settringTypeString)
            {
                case "飛行": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.AirplaneMode;
                    break;
                case "網絡": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.Cellular;
                    break;
                case "藍牙": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.Bluetooth;
                    break;
                default: break;
            }

            //連接設置選擇框
            ConnectionSettingsTask connectionSettings = new ConnectionSettingsTask();

            // 連接設置的類型
            connectionSettings.ConnectionSettingsType = settringType;
            connectionSettings.Show();
        }

        //刷新
        private void Button_Click_2(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            UpdateNetworkStatus();
            UpdateNetworkInterfaces();
            Changes.Clear();
        }

        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/MainPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative));
        }

    }

 

五、訪問web的幾種方式

Windows phone中訪問Internet的方式主要有：通過套接字、WebClient 類、HttpWebRequest 類、服務引用等。套接字我們已經講過。我主要講解后面三種。

WebClient 類：一般用於通過訪問URL獲取特定的資源，下面是使用方法：

[C#]

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();

webClient.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://www.baidu.com", UriKind.Absolute));
webClient.DownloadStringCompleted += (a, b) =>
{
    if (b.Error == null && !b.Cancelled)
    {
        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(b.Result));
    }
};

HttpWebRequest 類：對http做了基本的實現，相當於比直接用socket方便一點。

[C#]

 Uri uri = new Uri("http://192.168.100.212");
 HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
 httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
 //異步獲取HTTP請求正文流
 httpWebRequest.BeginGetRequestStream(new AsyncCallback(a =>
 {
     var httpWebRequest2 = a.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest;
     var stream = httpWebRequest2.EndGetRequestStream(a);
     var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(stream);
     //在HTTP請求正文流中寫入要POST的參數
     streamWriter.WriteLine("wd=111");
     streamWriter.Close();
     //開始異步的向遠程主機發送HTTP請求
     httpWebRequest2.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(b =>
     {
         try
         {
             var httpWebRequest3 = b.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest;
             //請求執行完成，得到HTTP相應
             WebResponse webResponse = httpWebRequest3.EndGetResponse(b);
             var s = webResponse.ContentType;
             //獲取到HTTP相應正文流
             var stream3 = webResponse.GetResponseStream();
             //讀出來，轉換成字符串
             var streamReader = new StreamReader(stream3, Encoding.UTF8);
             var text = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

             Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(text));
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             var c = ex.Message;
         }

     }), httpWebRequest2);

 }), httpWebRequest);

服務引用：其實於一般的服務引用一樣，只不過這里只支持異步實現。

[C#]

//添加服務引用后，下面代碼為異步調用web服務
ServiceReference1.WebService1SoapClient c = new ServiceReference1.WebService1SoapClient();
c.HelloWorldAsync("");
c.HelloWorldCompleted += (a, b) =>
{
    Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(b.Result));
};

 

作者：[ Lipan]
出處：[ http://www.cnblogs.com/lipan/]
版權聲明：本文的版權歸作者與博客園共有。轉載時須注明原文出處以及作者，並保留原文指向型鏈接，不得更改原文內容。否則作者將保留追究其法律責任。

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