LPC1788發送到I2S總線上的音頻數據要通過音頻解碼芯片才能輸出模擬音頻信號。開發板上使用的是UDA1380,對它的寄存器的配置可以通過L3總線或者I2C總線進行,這里使用I2C總線進行控制,對於I2C總線的操作可以參考之前I2C的介紹。UDA1380的寄存器主要分成3類,系統控制、插值濾波(interpolation filter)、抽取濾波(decimator filter)。插值濾波和DAC轉換有關,用於控制控制聲音的輸出參數。抽取濾波和ADC有關,用於控制對音頻的采樣。寄存器的地址和功能如圖1所示。
圖1:UDA1380寄存器地址和功能
根據圖1的紅色標記中的內容,可以知道兩個濾波器的正常使用需要一個128fs的clock,這個時鍾可以通過SYSCLK引腳或者WSI的信號獲得。在硬件連接上,通過將LPC1788的MCLK輸出的時鍾,連接到UDA1380的SYSCLK引腳。因此,我們需要配置I2S的發送模式控制寄存器I2STXMODE,使能TX_REF在MCLK輸出,使UDA1380內部產生一個濾波器需要的時鍾。
程序中我們通過I2S發送一段音頻數據,該數據是我從WAV格式的文件中去掉WAV頭格式后得到的一個純音頻數據數組。該WAV音頻為16位雙通道 采樣頻率為44.1KHZ。LPC1788將該數組發送到I2S總線,UDA1380讀取該數據進行聲音的輸出。程序如下
- #include "i2c.h"
- #include "audio.h"
- #define rI2SDAO (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8000))
- #define rI2STXFIFO (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8008))
- #define rI2STXRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8020))
- #define rI2STXBITRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8028))
- #define rI2STXMODE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8030))
- #define rI2SDMA1 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8014))
- #define rI2SDMA2 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8018))
- #define rI2SSTATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8010))
- #define rI2SIRQ (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A801C))
- #define rI2SDAI (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8004))
- #define rI2SRXFIFO (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A800C))
- #define rI2SRXRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8024))
- #define rI2SRXBITRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A802C))
- #define rI2SRXMODE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8034))
- #define rIOCON_P0_07 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C01C))
- #define rIOCON_P0_08 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C020))
- #define rIOCON_P0_09 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C024))
- #define rIOCON_P1_16 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C0C0))
- #define UDA1380_ADDRESS 0x1A
- void Uda1380_WriteData(unsigned char reg, unsigned shortint data)
- {
- unsigned char config[3];
- config[0] = reg;
- config[1] = (data >> 8) & 0xFF; //MS
- config[2] = data&0xFF; //LS
- I2C0_MasterTransfer(UDA1380_ADDRESS, config, sizeof(config), 0, 0);
- I2C0_MasterTransfer(UDA1380_ADDRESS, config, 1, &config[1], 2); //校驗寫入的數據是否正確
- if((config[1]<<8|config[2]) != data)
- {
- while(1); //寫入和讀出的數據不一致
- }
- }
- void Uda1380_config()
- {
- I2C0_Init();
- Uda1380_WriteData(0x7F, 0x0); //restore L3-default values
- Uda1380_WriteData(0x01, 0x0); //數據格式為標准的I2S格式
- Uda1380_WriteData(0x13, 0x0); //配置音頻的輸出
- Uda1380_WriteData(0x14, 0x0);
- Uda1380_WriteData(0x00, 0x2|0x1<<8|0x1<<9); //使能DAC的時鍾,選擇使用SYSCLK產生128fs的時鍾
- Uda1380_WriteData(0x02,0x1<<15|0x1<<13|0x1<<10|0x1<<8); //使能DAC 電源
- }
- int main(void)
- {
- unsigned int count=0, i;
- unsigned char flag=1;
- rIOCON_P0_07 = (rIOCON_P0_07&(~0x3))|0x1; //I2S_TX_SCK
- rIOCON_P0_08 = (rIOCON_P0_08&(~0x3))|0x1; //I2S_TX_WS
- rIOCON_P0_09 = (rIOCON_P0_09&(~0x3))|0x1; //I2S_TX_SDA
- rIOCON_P1_16 = (rIOCON_P1_16&(~0x3))|0x2; //I2SMCLK
- rPCONP |= 0x1<<27;
- rI2SDAO = (16 - 1)<<6 | 0x1<<4 | 0x1<<3 |0x1; //16位, 立體音, 禁止發送
- rI2STXMODE |= 0x1<<3; //使能MCLK輸出,使TX_REF輸出到UDA1380的SYSCLK引腳
- rI2STXRATE = 0x1<<8|0x1; //配置分數速率寄存器 得到TX_REF=CCLK/(1/1)/2
- rI2STXBITRATE = CCLK/2/(44100*2*16) - 1; //44.1KHZ采樣16位
- for(i = 0; i <0x1000000; i++); //延時 等待UDA1380內部通過SYSCLK產生穩定的128fs提供插值濾波和抽取濾波使用
- Uda1380_config();
- rI2SDAO &= ~ (1<<4);
- rI2SDAO &= ~ (1<<3);
- rI2SDAO &= ~ (1<<15); //啟動I2S數據傳輸
- while(flag)
- {
- if(((rI2SSTATE>>16)&0xFF)<=4) //如果發送FIFO中的數據小於或等於4個字
- {
- for(i=0; i<8-(((rI2SSTATE>>16)&0xFF)); i++) //將FIFO填充到8個字
- {
- rI2STXFIFO = *(unsigned int *)(audio + count); //轉換成int類型的指針,從指針指向的位置讀取32位數據
- count+=4; //讀取一個字,相當於讀取char類型數組中的4個元素
- if(count>=sizeof(audio)) //數組中的數據發送完
- {
- flag = 0;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- rI2SDAO |= 0x1<<3|0x1<<4; //停止I2S傳輸
- return 0;
- }
#include "i2c.h" #include "audio.h" #define rI2SDAO (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8000)) #define rI2STXFIFO (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8008)) #define rI2STXRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8020)) #define rI2STXBITRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8028)) #define rI2STXMODE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8030)) #define rI2SDMA1 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8014)) #define rI2SDMA2 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8018)) #define rI2SSTATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8010)) #define rI2SIRQ (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A801C)) #define rI2SDAI (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8004)) #define rI2SRXFIFO (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A800C)) #define rI2SRXRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8024)) #define rI2SRXBITRATE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A802C)) #define rI2SRXMODE (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x400A8034)) #define rIOCON_P0_07 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C01C)) #define rIOCON_P0_08 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C020)) #define rIOCON_P0_09 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C024)) #define rIOCON_P1_16 (*(volatile unsigned *)(0x4002C0C0)) #define UDA1380_ADDRESS 0x1A void Uda1380_WriteData(unsigned char reg, unsigned short int data) { unsigned char config[3]; config[0] = reg; config[1] = (data >> 8) & 0xFF; //MS config[2] = data&0xFF; //LS I2C0_MasterTransfer(UDA1380_ADDRESS, config, sizeof(config), 0, 0); I2C0_MasterTransfer(UDA1380_ADDRESS, config, 1, &config[1], 2); //校驗寫入的數據是否正確 if((config[1]<<8|config[2]) != data) { while(1); //寫入和讀出的數據不一致 } } void Uda1380_config() { I2C0_Init(); Uda1380_WriteData(0x7F, 0x0); //restore L3-default values Uda1380_WriteData(0x01, 0x0); //數據格式為標准的I2S格式 Uda1380_WriteData(0x13, 0x0); //配置音頻的輸出 Uda1380_WriteData(0x14, 0x0); Uda1380_WriteData(0x00, 0x2|0x1<<8|0x1<<9); //使能DAC的時鍾,選擇使用SYSCLK產生128fs的時鍾 Uda1380_WriteData(0x02,0x1<<15|0x1<<13|0x1<<10|0x1<<8); //使能DAC 電源 } int main(void) { unsigned int count=0, i; unsigned char flag=1; rIOCON_P0_07 = (rIOCON_P0_07&(~0x3))|0x1; //I2S_TX_SCK rIOCON_P0_08 = (rIOCON_P0_08&(~0x3))|0x1; //I2S_TX_WS rIOCON_P0_09 = (rIOCON_P0_09&(~0x3))|0x1; //I2S_TX_SDA rIOCON_P1_16 = (rIOCON_P1_16&(~0x3))|0x2; //I2SMCLK rPCONP |= 0x1<<27; rI2SDAO = (16 - 1)<<6 | 0x1<<4 | 0x1<<3 |0x1; //16位, 立體音, 禁止發送 rI2STXMODE |= 0x1<<3; //使能MCLK輸出,使TX_REF輸出到UDA1380的SYSCLK引腳 rI2STXRATE = 0x1<<8|0x1; //配置分數速率寄存器 得到TX_REF=CCLK/(1/1)/2 rI2STXBITRATE = CCLK/2/(44100*2*16) - 1; //44.1KHZ采樣16位 for(i = 0; i <0x1000000; i++); //延時 等待UDA1380內部通過SYSCLK產生穩定的128fs提供插值濾波和抽取濾波使用 Uda1380_config(); rI2SDAO &= ~ (1<<4); rI2SDAO &= ~ (1<<3); rI2SDAO &= ~ (1<<15); //啟動I2S數據傳輸 while(flag) { if(((rI2SSTATE>>16)&0xFF)<=4) //如果發送FIFO中的數據小於或等於4個字 { for(i=0; i<8-(((rI2SSTATE>>16)&0xFF)); i++) //將FIFO填充到8個字 { rI2STXFIFO = *(unsigned int *)(audio + count); //轉換成int類型的指針,從指針指向的位置讀取32位數據 count+=4; //讀取一個字,相當於讀取char類型數組中的4個元素 if(count>=sizeof(audio)) //數組中的數據發送完 { flag = 0; break; } } } } rI2SDAO |= 0x1<<3|0x1<<4; //停止I2S傳輸 return 0; }
下面對程序需要注意的做下說明:
1,i2c.h中是上一篇介紹I2C總線中所用的函數,aduio.h中存放的是音頻數據的數組,const unsigned char audio[]={0,0,0,0,0,......................
2,I2C總線每次發送的數據為1個字節,而UDA1380的寄存器為16為,因此我們先發送高字節然后再發送低字節,具體的時序可以參考UDA1380的數據手冊。
3,程序中配置發送控制寄存器I2STXMODE使能了MCLK輸出TX_REF的時鍾到UDA1380的SYSCLK引腳,而UDA1380中配置成使用該時鍾產生內部濾波器需要的128fs的時鍾。在圖1中標志中說明run at ....因此在程序中配置UDA1380之前,使用了一個for延時,用於等待UDA1380內部產生穩定的128fs時鍾。只有這樣才能正確的配置0x10之后的濾波器相關寄存器。否則對0x10之后的濾波器相關寄存器操作會失敗。這點沒有驗證,但是在debug調試的時候可以正常的有聲音輸出,但是下載到板子上運行,則沒有效果。如果去掉for循環延時效果也不正常發音。如果不使能MCLK輸出,則寫0x13寄存器的值不會成功,讀取該寄存器的值永遠都是其默認值。因此推測和UDA1380的SYSCLK產生內部濾波器使用的128fs時鍾有關。
參考了linux內核里面的uda1380的驅動,其中也提到了配置0x10以后的濾波器相關寄存器要滿足條件
- 107 /* the interpolator & decimator regs must only be written when the
- 108 * codec DAI is active.
- 109 */
107 /* the interpolator & decimator regs must only be written when the 108 * codec DAI is active. 109 */
誰有這方面的經驗,希望多指教!