為什么需要socket.io?
node.js提供了高效的服務端運行環境,但是由於瀏覽器端對HTML5的支持不一,為了兼容所有瀏覽器,提供卓越的實時的用戶體驗,並且為程序員提供客戶端與服務端一致的編程體驗,於是socket.io誕生。
var http = require('http'),
url = require('url'),
fs = require('fs'),
server;
server = http.createServer(function(req, res){
// your normal server code
var path = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
switch (path){
case '/':
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'});
res.write('<h1>Hello! Try the <a href="/index.html">Socket.io Test</a></h1>');
res.end();
break;
case '/index.html':
fs.readFile(__dirname + path, function(err, data){
if (err) return send404(res);
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': path == 'json.js' ? 'text/javascript' : 'text/html'})
res.write(data, 'utf8');
res.end();
});
break;
default: send404(res);
}
}),
send404 = function(res){
res.writeHead(404);
res.write('404');
res.end();
};
server.listen(8080);
var io = require('socket.io').listen(server);
io.sockets.on('connection', function(socket){
console.log("Connection " + socket.id + " accepted.");
socket.on('message', function(message){
console.log("Received message: " + message + " - from client " + socket.id);
});
socket.on('disconnect', function(){
console.log("Connection " + socket.id + " terminated.");
});
});
客戶端編程模型
客戶端編程也是相似的處理方式,連接服務器,交互信息。比如下面的index.html頁面:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Socket.io Test</title>
<script src="/json.js"></script> <!-- for ie -->
<script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
var socket;
var firstconnect = true;
function connect() {
if(firstconnect) {
socket = io.connect(null);
socket.on('message', function(data){ message(data); });
socket.on('connect', function(){ status_update("Connected to Server"); });
socket.on('disconnect', function(){ status_update("Disconnected from Server"); });
socket.on('reconnect', function(){ status_update("Reconnected to Server"); });
socket.on('reconnecting', function( nextRetry ){ status_update("Reconnecting in "
+ nextRetry + " seconds"); });
socket.on('reconnect_failed', function(){ message("Reconnect Failed"); });
firstconnect = false;
} else {
socket.socket.reconnect();
}
}
function disconnect() {
socket.disconnect();
}
function message(data) {
document.getElementById('message').innerHTML = "Server says: " + data;
}
function status_update(txt){
document.getElementById('status').innerHTML = txt;
}
function esc(msg){
return msg.replace(/</g, '<').replace(/>/g, '>');
}
function send() {
socket.send("Hello Server!");
};
</script>
<h1>Socket.io Test</h1>
<div><p id="status">Waiting for input</p></div>
<div><p id="message"></p></div>
<button id="connect" onClick='connect()'/>Connect</button>
<button id="disconnect" onClick='disconnect()'>Disconnect</button>
<button id="send" onClick='send()'/>Send Message</button>
</body>
</html>
1. 啟動服務器還是交給node,打開命令行窗口,定位到server.js所在文件夾,輸入node server.js啟動服務器。
在上面的index.html中,注意這行:<script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>。如果不想使用本地的socket.io腳本,可以直接使用下面這個公開的腳本:
<script src="http://cdn.socket.io/stable/socket.io.js"></script>
此外需要注意這行:socket = io.connect(null)。這里的null代表連接本地服務,可以換成"localhost",效果也是一樣的。
2. 可以使用socket.io直接啟動http服務。例如:
var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);
io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
io.sockets.emit('this', { will: 'be received by everyone'});
});
3. socket.io可以直接通過send方法發送消息,使用message事件接收消息,例如:
//server.js
var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);
io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
socket.on('message', function () { });
});
//index.html
<script>
var socket = io.connect('http://localhost/');
socket.on('connect', function () {
socket.send('hi');
socket.on('message', function (msg) {
// my msg
});
});
</script>
4. 發送和處理數據
兩端可以互發事件,互發數據,相互通信。發送事件的代碼為:socket.emit(action, data, function),其中action為事件的名稱,data為數據,function為回調函數;處理事件代碼 為:socket.on(action,function),如果emit發送的時候有數據data,則function中參數包含了這個數據。 socket.io除了發送和處理內置事件,如connect, disconnect, message。還允許發送和處理自定義事件,例如:
//服務端:
io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
socket.emit('news', { hello: 'world' });
socket.on('my other event', function (data) {
console.log(data);
});
});
//客戶端:
<script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
<script>
var socket = io.connect('http://localhost');
socket.on('news', function (data) {
console.log(data);
socket.emit('my other event', { my: 'data' });
});
</script>
5. 從上面可以看出來,發送數據的時候,send和emit是都可以使用的。只不過emit更是強化了自定義事件的處理。
6. 可以在服務端使用socket的get/set方法存儲客服端的相關數據,例如:
//服務端
var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);
io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
socket.on('set nickname', function (name) {
socket.set('nickname', name, function () { socket.emit('ready'); });
});
socket.on('msg', function () {
socket.get('nickname', function (err, name) {
console.log('Chat message by ', name);
});
});
});
//客戶端
<script>
var socket = io.connect('http://localhost');
socket.on('connect', function () {
socket.emit('set nickname', confirm('What is your nickname?'));
socket.on('ready', function () {
console.log('Connected !');
socket.emit('msg', confirm('What is your message?'));
});
});
</script>
實用參考
socket.io介紹:http://davidchambersdesign.com/getting-started-with-socket.io/
socket.io安裝和使用說明:http://socket.io/
