C# 遍歷類的所有屬性和方法

今天做項目遇到個需求，獲取這個對象里的所有的方法和屬性，下面我就介紹一下如何遍歷類的所有屬性和方法。

首先我定義了一個 User 類用做演示：

    public class User
    {

        private int userId = 1;

        public int UserId
        {
            get { return userId; }
            set { userId = value; }
        }

        private string username = "charles";

        public string Username
        {
            get { return username; }
            set { username = value; }
        }

        private string address = "Beijing";

        public string Address
        {
            get { return address; }
            set { address = value; }
        }

        private string email = "[e-mail]";

        public string Email
        {
            get { return email; }
            set { email = value; }
        }

        private string phone = "13888888888";

        public string Phone
        {
            get { return phone; }
            set { phone = value; }
        }


        public string ToJson()
        {
            return "{\"UserId\":\"" + userId + "\",\"Username\":\"" + username + "\",\"Address\":\"" + address + "\",\"Email\":\"" + email + "\",\"Phone\":\"" + phone + "\"}";
        }
    }

1、通過實例化屬性和方法

using System;
using System.Reflection;

class Program {

    public static int Main (string[] args) {

        // 實例化對象。
        User user = new User ();
        // 打印 User 的屬性。
        Console.Write ("\nUser.UserId = " + user.UserId);
        Console.Write ("\nUser.Username = " + user.Username);
        Console.Write ("\nUser.Address = " + user.Address);
        Console.Write ("\nUser.Email = " + user.Email);
        Console.Write ("\nUser.Phone = " + user.Phone);
        Console.Write ("\nUser.ToJson = " + user.ToJson ());
        Console.ReadLine ();
    }
}

啟動程序輸出結果如下：

User.UserId = 1
User.Username = charles
User.Address = Beijing
User.Email = master @weilog.net
User.Phone = 13888888888
User.ToJson = { "UserId": "1", "Username": "charles", "Address": "Beijing", "Email": "[e-mail]", "Phone": "13888888888" }

2、通過反射即可遍歷屬性

需要注意的是項目中需要使用 System.Reflection 這個命名空間。

Type 類的常用方法：

// 獲取所有方法 
MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods ();

// 獲取所有成員 
MemberInfo[] members = type.GetMembers ();

// 獲取所有屬性 
PropertyInfo[] properties = type.GetProperties ();

完整代碼：

class Program {
    
    static void Main (string[] args) {

        Type type = typeof (User);
        object obj = Activator.CreateInstance (type);
        // 獲取所有方法。
        MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods ();
        // 遍歷方法打印到控制台。
        foreach (PropertyInfo method in methods) {
            Console.WriteLine (method.Name);
        }

        // 獲取所有成員。
        MemberInfo[] members = type.GetMembers ();
        // 遍歷成員打印到控制台。
        foreach (PropertyInfo members in members) {
            Console.WriteLine (members.Name);
        }
        // 獲取所有屬性。
        PropertyInfo[] properties = type.GetProperties ();

        // 遍歷屬性打印到控制台。
        foreach (PropertyInfo prop in properties) {
            Console.WriteLine (prop.Name);
        }
        Console.ReadLine ();

    }
}

另外我們也可以通過反射實例化類：

object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(type);

官方參考：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.reflection.propertyinfo.attributes