前言
在 VirtualBox 4.1.10 軟件中安裝 openSUSE 12.1 操作系統后，它已經自帶了 VBoxGuestAdditions 4.1.4，如下所示：
ben@vbox:~> zypper search virtualbox-guest Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+-------- | virtualbox-guest-kmp-default | Guest kernel modules for VirtualBox | package i | virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop | Guest kernel modules for VirtualBox | package | virtualbox-guest-kmp-pae | Guest kernel modules for VirtualBox | package i | virtualbox-guest-tools | VirtualBox guest tools | package i | virtualbox-guest-x11 | VirtualBox X11 drivers for mouse and video | package ben@vbox:~> ben@vbox:~> zypper search -s virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Type | Version | Arch | Repository --+------------------------------+---------+------------------------+--------+----------------------- i | virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop | package | 4.1.4_k3.1.0_1.1-3.2.3 | x86_64 | 163/Oss i | virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop | package | 4.1.4_k3.1.0_1.1-3.2.3 | x86_64 | openSUSE-12.1-Oss i | virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop | package | 4.1.4_k3.1.0_1.1-3.2.3 | x86_64 | openSUSE-12.1-12.1-1.4 v | virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop | package | 4.1.4_k3.1.0_1.1-3.2.3 | i586 | 163/Oss v | virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop | package | 4.1.4_k3.1.0_1.1-3.2.3 | i586 | openSUSE-12.1-Oss ben@vbox:~> ben@vbox:~> zypper info virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Information for package virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop: Repository: 163/Oss Name: virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop Version: 4.1.4_k3.1.0_1.1-3.2.3 Arch: x86_64 Vendor: openSUSE Installed: Yes Status: up-to-date Installed Size: 413.0 KiB Summary: Guest kernel modules for VirtualBox Description: VirtualBox is an extremely feature rich, high performance product for enterprise customers, it is also the only professional solution that is freely available as Open Source Software under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL).
這樣的好處是不用在 VirtualBox 中另外安裝增強功能了，壞處是這個增強功能的版本太低了，才 4.1.4，而最新版本是 4.1.10。
現在讓我們開始安裝 VBoxGuestAdditions 4.1.10 吧。
卸載舊版本的 VBoxGuestAdditions
首先，使用 zypper 命令卸載 VBoxGuestAdditions 4.1.4：
ben@vbox:~> sudo zypper remove virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop virtualbox-guest-tools virtualbox-guest-x11 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following packages are going to be REMOVED: virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop virtualbox-guest-tools virtualbox-guest-x11 3 packages to remove. After the operation, 6.1 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/?] (y): Removing virtualbox-guest-tools-4.1.4-3.2.3 [done] Additional rpm output: redirecting to systemctl Warning: Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl --system daemon-reload' recommended. insserv: warning: script 'S01atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'atop' missing LSB tags and overrides Removing virtualbox-guest-x11-4.1.4-3.2.3 [done] Removing virtualbox-guest-kmp-desktop-4.1.4_k3.1.0_1.1-3.2.3 [done]
准備工作
然后做一些准備工作：
ben@vbox:~> sudo zypper refresh Repository '163/NON-Oss' is up to date. Repository '163/Oss' is up to date. Repository '163/Update' is up to date. Repository 'Updates for openSUSE 12.1 12.1-1.4' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-12.1-Non-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-12.1-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed. ben@vbox:~> sudo zypper update Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Nothing to do. ben@vbox:~> sudo zypper install make gcc Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'gcc' is already installed. No update candidate for 'gcc-4.6-15.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. 'make' is already installed. No update candidate for 'make-3.82-147.1.2.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do. ben@vbox:~> uname -a Linux vbox 3.1.9-1.4-desktop #1 SMP PREEMPT Fri Jan 27 08:55:10 UTC 2012 (efb5ff4) x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux ben@vbox:~> sudo zypper install kernel-desktop-devel Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'kernel-desktop-devel' is already installed. No update candidate for 'kernel-desktop-devel-3.1.9-1.4.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
也就是說要先安裝好 make、gcc 和 kernel-desktop-devel 軟件包，從上面可以看出，我的機器上以前已經安裝過這些軟件包了。
另外，需要先安裝好 dkms 軟件包：
Be sure to install DKMS before installing the Linux Guest Additions. If DKMS is not available or not installed, the guest kernel modules will need to be recreated manually whenever the guest kernel is updated using the command /etc/init.d/vboxadd setup as root.
但是 openSUSE 操作系統不支持 dkms，而其他主流的 Linux 操作系統基本上都支持 dkms。這是很糟糕的，如上所述，以后 openSUSE 操作系統的內核 kernel 有升級的話，每次都要手動運行一次 sudo /etc/init.d/vboxadd setup 命令了。
開始安裝
現在，把 VirtualBox 軟件安裝目錄下的 VBoxGuestAdditions.iso 文件拷貝到 openSUSE 操作系統中，然后：
ben@vbox:~/repo/VBoxGuestAdditions> 7z x VBoxGuestAdditions.iso 7-Zip [64] 9.20 Copyright (c) 1999-2010 Igor Pavlov 2010-11-18 p7zip Version 9.20 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,1 CPU) Processing archive: VBoxGuestAdditions.iso Extracting 32Bit Extracting 32Bit/OS2 Extracting 32Bit/OS2/VBoxGuest.sys Extracting 32Bit/OS2/VBoxService.exe Extracting 32Bit/OS2/gengradd.dll Extracting 32Bit/OS2/libc063.dll Extracting 32Bit/OS2/readme.txt Extracting 32Bit/OS2/vboxmouse.sys Extracting 32Bit/Readme.txt Extracting 64Bit Extracting 64Bit/Readme.txt Extracting AUTORUN.INF Extracting VBoxLinuxAdditions.run Extracting VBoxSolarisAdditions.pkg Extracting VBoxWindowsAdditions-amd64.exe Extracting VBoxWindowsAdditions-x86.exe Extracting VBoxWindowsAdditions.exe Extracting autorun.sh Extracting runasroot.sh Everything is Ok Folders: 3 Files: 16 Size: 50349560 Compressed: 50751488 ben@vbox:~/repo/VBoxGuestAdditions> sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run Verifying archive integrity... All good. Uncompressing VirtualBox 4.1.10 Guest Additions for Linux......... VirtualBox Guest Additions installer insserv: warning: script 'S01atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'S01atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'atop' missing LSB tags and overrides Removing existing VirtualBox DKMS kernel modules done Removing existing VirtualBox non-DKMS kernel modules done Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules Building the main Guest Additions module done Building the shared folder support module done Building the OpenGL support module done Doing non-kernel setup of the Guest Additions done You should restart your guest to make sure the new modules are actually used insserv: warning: script 'S01atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'S01atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'S01atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'S01atop' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'atop' missing LSB tags and overrides Installing the Window System drivers failed (Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System.)
最后的 Installing the Window System drivers 失敗是正常的，因為我安裝 openSUSE 操作系統是文本模式的，根本沒有安裝 X-Window。
ben@vbox:~/repo/VBoxGuestAdditions> ll /opt
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 4 10:08 mono-2.10.9
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 17 16:20 VBoxGuestAdditions-4.1.10
可以看出，VBoxGuestAdditions 安裝在 /opt 目錄下。
最后，重啟虛擬機以完成安裝：
ben@vbox:~> sudo /sbin/shutdown -r now Broadcast message from ben@vbox on pts/0 (Sat, 17 Mar 2012 16:27:46 +0800): The system is going down for reboot NOW!
安裝后的情況
在 VirtualBox 中為 openSUSE 操作系統分配一個數據空間，名稱是 ISO，並且設為 Auto-Mount，如下所示：
那么在啟動 openSUSE 操作系統后，在 /media 目錄下就有一個相應的以 sf_ 開頭目錄，如下所示：
ben@vbox:~> df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 9.1G 2.7G 5.9G 32% / devtmpfs 242M 32K 242M 1% /dev tmpfs 246M 0 246M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 246M 308K 245M 1% /run /dev/sda1 9.1G 2.7G 5.9G 32% / tmpfs 246M 0 246M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 246M 308K 245M 1% /var/run tmpfs 246M 308K 245M 1% /var/lock tmpfs 246M 0 246M 0% /media none 80G 42G 39G 53% /media/sf_ISO ben@vbox:~> ll /media total 4 drwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 4096 Mar 17 14:33 sf_ISO
這個目錄是屬於 vboxsf 用戶組的，所以我們使用以下命令將自己加入這個用戶組：
ben@vbox:~> sudo /usr/sbin/usermod -A vboxsf `whoami` ben@vbox:~> grep `whoami` /etc/group video:x:33:ben sudo:!:1000:ben vboxsf:!:1001:ben
如果這個數據空間不是 Auto-Mount 的，則可以用 sudo mount -t vboxsf ISO /mnt 命令手動安裝。