简介:
在JDK1.5以后提供的一系列Annotation声明,要通过反射获取Annotation的信息,可以通过java.lang.reflect里面的AccessibleObject类,在这个类中提供有获取Annotation的方法.
获取全部Annotation:
public Annotation[] getAnnotations()
获取指定Annotation:
public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass)
import java.io.Serializable; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.reflect.Method; public class MAIN { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { { // 获取接口上的Annotation信息
Annotation[] annotations = IMessage.class.getAnnotations(); // 获取接口上的全部Annotation信息
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) { System.out.println("IMessage - annotation: " + annotation); } } System.out.println("__________________________________"); { // 获取Message上的Annotation信息
Annotation[] annotations = Message.class.getAnnotations(); // 获取接口上的全部Annotation信息
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) { System.out.println("Message - annotation: " + annotation); // 无法在程序执行的时候获取
} } System.out.println("__________________________________"); { // 获取Message.toString()方法上的Annotation信息
Method method = Message.class.getDeclaredMethod("send",String.class); // 获取Message中的指定方法
Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations(); // 获取指定方法的Annotation信息
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) { System.out.println("Message.send() - annotation: " + annotation); // 无法在程序执行的时候获取
} } } } @FunctionalInterface @Deprecated(since = "1.0") interface IMessage{ // 两个Annotation
void send(String msg); } @SuppressWarnings("serial") // 无法在程序执行的时候获取
class Message implements IMessage, Serializable { @Override // 无法在程序执行的时候获取
public void send(String msg) { System.out.println("sendMessage: " + msg); } @Override public String toString(){ return "toString"; } }
输出结果:
从运行直接我们可以发现,有些Annotation是可以获取的,而有些Annotation是无法获取的;
不同的Annotation是有不同的存在范围的,对比两个Annotation:
@FunctionalInterface(运行时生效) |
@SuppressWarnings(源代码时生效) |
@Documented @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 运行时生效 @Target(ElementType.TYPE) public @interface FunctionalInterface {}
|
@Target({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD, PARAMETER, CONSTRUCTOR, LOCAL_VARIABLE, MODULE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) // 源代码时生效 public @interface SuppressWarnings { String[] value(); }
|
"RetentionPolicy" : 指的是生效范围
public enum RetentionPolicy { SOURCE, CLASS, RUNTIME }
三个范围分别是:
SOURCE:源代码的时候
CLASS:类定义的时候
RUNTIME:运行的时候
实现自定义的Annotation:
在java中提供有"@interface"进行自定义Annotation的语法;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.reflect.Method; @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 定义Annotation的运行策略
@interface DefaultAnnotation{ // 自定义的Annotation
public String title(); // 获取数据
public String url() default "www.baidu.com"; // 获取数据,默认值
} class Message{ @DefaultAnnotation(title = "AAA") public void send(String msg){ System.out.println("sendMessage - " + msg); } } public class MAIN { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Method method = Message.class.getMethod("send", String.class); DefaultAnnotation an = method.getAnnotation(DefaultAnnotation.class); System.out.println("title - " + an.title()); // 直接调用annotation中的方法
System.out.println("url - " + an.url()); // 直接调用annotation中的方法
String msg = "msg - " + an.title() + "(" + an.url() + ")"; // 消息内容
method.invoke(Message.class.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance(),msg); } }
输出结果:
Annotation的特点:
结合反射机制实现程序的处理;
Annotation与工厂设计:
以下是动态工厂设计进行消息发送:
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; public class MAIN { public static void main(String[] args) { MessageService mss = new MessageService(); mss.send("www.baidu.com"); } } interface IMessage{ public void send(String msg); } class MessageService{ private IMessage message; public MessageService(){ this.message = Factory.getInstance(Message.class); } public void send(String msg){ this.message.send(msg); } } class Message implements IMessage { @Override public void send(String msg) { System.out.println("sendMessage - " + msg); } } class Factory{ private Factory() { } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> T getInstance(Class<T> clazz){ // 直接返回实例化的操作对象
try { return (T) new MessageProxy().bind(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } } class MessageProxy implements InvocationHandler{ private Object target; public MessageProxy() { } public Object bind(Object target) { this.target = target; return Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(),target.getClass().getInterfaces(),this); } public boolean connect(){ System.out.println("【代理操作】- 通道连接"); return true; } public boolean close(){ System.out.println("【代理操作】 - 通道关闭"); return false; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { try { if (this.connect()) { return method.invoke(this.target, args); } else { throw new Exception("【ERROR】消息发送失败!"); } }finally { this.close(); } } }
输出结果:
下面利用Annotation实现类的使用:
import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; public class MAIN { public static void main(String[] args) { MessageService mss = new MessageService(); mss.send("www.baidu.com"); } } @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @interface UserMessage{ public Class<?> clazz(); } interface IMessage{ public void send(String msg); } @UserMessage(clazz = Message.class) // 利用Annotation实现了类
class MessageService{ private IMessage message; public MessageService(){ UserMessage use = MessageService.class.getAnnotation(UserMessage.class); this.message = (IMessage) Factory.getInstance(use.clazz()); // 直接通过Annotation获取
} public void send(String msg){ this.message.send(msg); } } class Message implements IMessage { @Override public void send(String msg) { System.out.println("sendMessage - " + msg); } } class Factory{ private Factory() { } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> T getInstance(Class<T> clazz){ // 直接返回实例化的操作对象
try { return (T) new MessageProxy().bind(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } } class MessageProxy implements InvocationHandler{ private Object target; public MessageProxy() { } public Object bind(Object target) { this.target = target; return Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(),target.getClass().getInterfaces(),this); } public boolean connect(){ System.out.println("【代理操作】- 通道连接"); return true; } public boolean close(){ System.out.println("【代理操作】 - 通道关闭"); return false; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { try { if (this.connect()) { return method.invoke(this.target, args); } else { throw new Exception("【ERROR】消息发送失败!"); } }finally { this.close(); } } }
输出结果:
那么这样就实现了使用Annotation来参与程序设计,只管一点可以从下面的代码看出:
增加一个NetMessage子类:
import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; public class MAIN { public static void main(String[] args) { MessageService mss = new MessageService(); mss.send("www.baidu.com"); } } @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @interface UserMessage{ public Class<?> clazz(); } interface IMessage{ public void send(String msg); } @UserMessage(clazz = NetMessage.class) // 利用Annotation实现了类的使用
class MessageService{ private IMessage message; public MessageService(){ UserMessage use = MessageService.class.getAnnotation(UserMessage.class); this.message = (IMessage) Factory.getInstance(use.clazz()); // 直接通过Annotation获取
} public void send(String msg){ this.message.send(msg); } } class Message implements IMessage { @Override public void send(String msg) { System.out.println("【消息发送】 - " + msg); } } class NetMessage implements IMessage { @Override public void send(String msg) { System.out.println("【网络消息发送】 - " + msg); } } class Factory{ private Factory() { } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> T getInstance(Class<T> clazz){ // 直接返回实例化的操作对象
try { return (T) new MessageProxy().bind(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } } class MessageProxy implements InvocationHandler{ private Object target; public MessageProxy() { } public Object bind(Object target) { this.target = target; return Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(),target.getClass().getInterfaces(),this); } public boolean connect(){ System.out.println("【代理操作】- 通道连接"); return true; } public boolean close(){ System.out.println("【代理操作】 - 通道关闭"); return false; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { try { if (this.connect()) { return method.invoke(this.target, args); } else { throw new Exception("【ERROR】消息发送失败!"); } }finally { this.close(); } } }
输出结果:
此时就只需要将@UserMessage(clazz = NetMessage.class) 中的参数换一下就行了,通过Annotation中的方法直接对参数进行控制。