在CentOS 6.3下安装完Oracle 10g R2，重开机之后，你会发现Oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在Linux下安装Oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。
一、在Linux下启动Oracle
登录到CentOS，切换到oracle用户权限
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# su – oracle
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接着输入：
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$ sqlplus
"/as sysdba"
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原本的画面会变为
SQL>
接着请输入
SQL> startup
就可以正常的启动数据库了。
另外停止数据库的指令如下：
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SQL> shutdown immediate
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二、检查Oracle DB监听器是否正常
回到终端机模式，输入：
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$ lsnrctl status
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检查看看监听器是否有启动
如果没有启动，可以输入：
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$ lsnrctl start
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启动监听器
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SQL> conn sys@orcl
as
sysdba
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然后输入密码，sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。
三、启动emctl
另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：
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$ emctl start dbconsole
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这个指令运行时间较长，执行完的画面如下：
手动启动Oracle数据库完毕，下面创建系统自行启动Oracle的脚本。
四、Oracle启动&停止脚本
1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，Oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。
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# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:
/opt/oracle/102
:Y
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
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2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：
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#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=
/opt/oracle/102
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if
[ ! -f $ORA_HOME
/bin/dbstart
]
then
echo
"Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case
"$1"
in
'start'
)
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo
"Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
date
+
" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up."
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
su
- $ORA_OWNER -c
"$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart"
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"Done"
# Start the Listener:
echo
"Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
date
+
" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up."
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
su
- $ORA_OWNER -c
"$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"Done."
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
date
+
" %T %a %D : Finished."
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
touch
/var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
'stop'
)
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo
"Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
date
+
" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down."
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
su
- $ORA_OWNER -c
"$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"Done."
rm
-f
/var/lock/subsys/oracle
# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo
"Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
date
+
" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down."
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
su
- $ORA_OWNER -c
"$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut"
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"Done."
echo
""
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
date
+
" %T %a %D : Finished."
>>
/var/log/oracle
echo
"-------------------------------------------------"
>>
/var/log/oracle
;;
'restart'
)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac
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3. 改变文件权限
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# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
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4. 添加服务
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# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
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5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作
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# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //关机
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重启
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6. 使用方法
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# service oracle start //启动oracle
# service oracle stop //关闭oracle
# service oracle restart //重启oracle
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7. 测试
a. 开机自启动
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Last
login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012
from
10.0.0.145
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus
"/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
on
Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connected
to
:
Oracle
Database
10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With
the Partitioning, OLAP
and
Data Mining options
SQL>
set
linesize 300;
SQL>
set
pagesize 30;
SQL>
select
*
from
scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH CLERK 7902 17-
DEC
-80 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 03-
DEC
-81 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 03-
DEC
-81 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
rows
selected.
SQL>
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b. service oracle stop
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SQL> Disconnected
from
Oracle
Database
10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With
the Partitioning, OLAP
and
Data Mining options
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle stop
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus
"/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
on
Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connected
to
an idle instance.
SQL>
set
linesize 300;
SQL>
set
pagesize 30;
SQL>
select
*
from
scott.emp;
select
*
from
scott.emp
*
ERROR
at
line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE
not
available
SQL>
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c. service oracle start
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SQL> Disconnected
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle start
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
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d. service oracle restart
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[root@ORS ~]# service oracle restart
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
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至此，Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。