- 写操作——添加操作
mongodb提供以下操作执行添加文档操作
- db.collection.insertOne() 3.2新添加
- db.collection.insertMany() 3.2 新添加
- db.collection.insert()
- 首先介绍下 insertone() 操作
语法规则：
db.collection.insertOne( <document>, { writeConcern: <document> //Optional. A document expressing the write concern. Omit to use the default write concern. } )
关于 writeconcern 后边章节会详细介绍
返回值：
A document containing:
- A boolean acknowledged as true if the operation ran with write concern or false if write concern was disabled.
- A single element insertedId with the _id of the inserted document.
注意：
集合不存在该操作会创建集合。
该操作不支持 db.collection.explain() 查询计划 可以使用insert 代替。
实例：
try { db.products.insertOne( { item: "card", qty: 15 } ); }; catch (e) { print (e); };
返回值：
{ "acknowledged" : true, "insertedIds" : [ ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1a"), ] }
添加write concern选项之后 复制集
try { db.products.insertOne( { "item": "envelopes", "qty": 100, type: "Self-Sealing" }, { writeConcern: { w : "majority", wtimeout : 100 } }; //w:majority，表示>1/2的节点有数据 ) } catch (e) { print (e); }
如果超时返回结果实例
WriteConcernError({ "code" : 64, "errInfo" : { "wtimeout" : true }, "errmsg" : "waiting for replication timed out" })
- 介绍下 inserMany() 操作 该操作是 3.2版本新添加的功能
语法规则：
db.collection.insertMany( { [ <document 1> , <document 2>, ... ] },//An array of documents to insert into the collection. 注意是数组 { writeConcern: <document>, ordered: <boolean> //Optional. A boolean specifying whether the mongod instance should perform an ordered or unordered insert. Defaults to true. 默认式按照顺序添加的 顺序添加的速度要慢于不按顺序添加的 } )
返回值：
A document containing:
- A boolean acknowledged as true if the operation ran with write concern or false if write concern was disabled
- An array of _id for each successfully inserted documents
注意：
- 每一组操作最大可以有1000个文档。
- 顺序添加的速度要慢于不按顺序添加的。
- 不存在的集合会自动创建。
- insertMany() 也不支持db.collection.explain() 可以使用insert 代替。
- 如果添加出错会报出 BulkWriteError exception 异常，按照顺序添加的 操作遇到错误会直接停止，而不按照顺序的会继续执行在队列中的写操作。
实例：不指定 _id
try { db.products.insertMany( [ { item: "card", qty: 15 }, { item: "envelope", qty: 20 }, { item: "stamps" , qty: 30 } ] ); } catch (e) { print (e); }
返回值：
{ "acknowledged" : true, "insertedIds" : [ ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1a"), ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1b"), ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1c") ] }
指定_id字段：
try { db.products.insertMany( [ { _id: 10, item: "large box", qty: 20 }, { _id: 11, item: "small box", qty: 55 }, { _id: 12, item: "medium box", qty: 30 } ] ); } catch (e) { print (e); }
返回值：
{ "acknowledged" : true, "insertedIds" : [ 10, 11, 12 ] }
插入一个_id字段重复的字段：
try { db.products.insertMany( [ { _id: 13, item: "envelopes", qty: 60 }, { _id: 13, item: "stamps", qty: 110 }, { _id: 14, item: "packing tape", qty: 38 } ] ); } catch (e) { print (e); }
返回值： 返回 BulkWriteError 异常 只会添加第一条数据
BulkWriteError({ "writeErrors" : [ { "index" : 0, "code" : 11000, "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: restaurant.test index: _id_ dup key: { : 13.0 }", "op" : { "_id" : 13, "item" : "envelopes", "qty" : 60 } } ], "writeConcernErrors" : [ ], "nInserted" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nMatched" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "nRemoved" : 0, "upserted" : [ ] })
没有顺序添加操作：
try { db.products.insertMany( [ { _id: 10, item: "large box", qty: 20 }, { _id: 11, item: "small box", qty: 55 }, { _id: 11, item: "medium box", qty: 30 }, { _id: 12, item: "envelope", qty: 100}, { _id: 13, item: "stamps", qty: 125 }, { _id: 13, item: "tape", qty: 20}, { _id: 14, item: "bubble wrap", qty: 30} ], { ordered: false } ); } catch (e) { print (e); }
返回值： 即使出现错误后续的字段也能正常添加进
BulkWriteError({ "writeErrors" : [ { "index" : 2, "code" : 11000, "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: inventory.products index: _id_ dup key: { : 11.0 }", "op" : { "_id" : 11, "item" : "medium box", "qty" : 30 } }, { "index" : 5, "code" : 11000, "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: inventory.products index: _id_ dup key: { : 13.0 }", "op" : { "_id" : 13, "item" : "tape", "qty" : 20 } } ], "writeConcernErrors" : [ ], "nInserted" : 5, "nUpserted" : 0, "nMatched" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "nRemoved" : 0, "upserted" : [ ] })
带着 写入安全级别writeconcern 跟 wtimeout
try { db.products.insertMany( [ { _id: 10, item: "large box", qty: 20 }, { _id: 11, item: "small box", qty: 55 }, { _id: 12, item: "medium box", qty: 30 } ], { w: "majority", wtimeout: 100 } ); } catch (e) { print (e); }
返回值： If the primary and at least one secondary acknowledge each write operation within 100 milliseconds
{ "acknowledged" : true, "insertedIds" : [ ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1a"), ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1b"), ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1c") ] }
超时返回：
- WriteConcernError({ "code" : 64, "errInfo" : { "wtimeout" : true }, "errmsg" : "waiting for replication timed out" })
- 介绍下 inser() 操作
语法：
db.collection.insert( <document or array of documents>, //数组或者文档都可以添加 { writeConcern: <document>, ordered: <boolean> //跟insertMany()操作作用一致 } )
返回值：
- A WriteResult object for single inserts.
- A BulkWriteResult object for bulk inserts.
- 介绍下 批量操作 bulk 函数
将多个数据更新操作（插入 修改 删除）操作放到一个待执行的列表中来批量执行
包括： db.collection.initializeOrderedBulkOp() 顺序执行 如果其中某项操作出现问题 mongodb 不会做任何修改
db.collection.initializeUnorderedBulkOp() 并行执行
例如：如果一个执行list 包含添加 更新 删除操作 ，mongodb 会把操作分成三个组：第一个执行insert 操作 第二个执行更新操作 第三个执行删除操作
Bulk.getOperations()可以查看一组各类型的操作是如何分组的，执行之后才能调用。
BULK支持以下操作：
The Bulk() builder has the following methods: Name Description Bulk.insert() Adds an insert operation to a list of operations. Bulk.find() Specifies the query condition for an update or a remove operation. Bulk.find.removeOne() Adds a single document remove operation to a list of operations. Bulk.find.remove() Adds a multiple document remove operation to a list of operations. Bulk.find.replaceOne() Adds a single document replacement operation to a list of operations. Bulk.find.updateOne() Adds a single document update operation to a list of operations. Bulk.find.update() Adds a multi update operation to a list of operations. Bulk.find.upsert() Specifies upsert: true for an update operation. Bulk.execute() Executes a list of operations in bulk. Bulk.getOperations() Returns an array of write operations executed in the Bulk() operations object. Bulk.tojson() Returns a JSON document that contains the number of operations and batches in the Bulk() operations object. Bulk.toString() Returns the Bulk.tojson() results as a string.
详细信息查看 mongodb 文档
实例： 顺序执行操作 db.users.initializeOrderedBulkOp()
var bulk = db.users.initializeOrderedBulkOp(); bulk.insert( { user: "abc123", status: "A", points: 0 } ); bulk.insert( { user: "ijk123", status: "A", points: 0 } ); bulk.insert( { user: "mop123", status: "P", points: 0 } ); bulk.find( { status: "D" } ).remove(); bulk.find( { status: "P" } ).update( { $set: { comment: "Pending" } } ); bulk.execute();
实例：并行执行 db.collection.initializeUnorderedBulkOp() 执行操作的时候为了提升性能会重新更改执行的顺序。
var bulk = db.users.initializeUnorderedBulkOp(); bulk.insert( { user: "abc123", status: "A", points: 0 } ); bulk.insert( { user: "ijk123", status: "A", points: 0 } ); bulk.insert( { user: "mop123", status: "P", points: 0 } ); bulk.execute();
Bulk.getOperations() 返回mongodb bulk.execute() 执行时候的数组 包含执行的操作 。
实例：
var bulk = db.items.initializeUnorderedBulkOp(); for (var i = 1; i <= 1500; i++) { bulk.insert( { x: i } ); } bulk.execute(); bulk.getOperations();
返回的结果：
[ { "originalZeroIndex" : 0, "batchType" : 1, //1 insert 2 update 3 remove "operations" : [ { "_id" : ObjectId("53a8959f1990ca24d01c6165"), "x" : 1 }, ... // Content omitted for brevity { "_id" : ObjectId("53a8959f1990ca24d01c654c"), "x" : 1000 } ] }, { "originalZeroIndex" : 1000, "batchType" : 1, "operations" : [ { "_id" : ObjectId("53a8959f1990ca24d01c654d"), "x" : 1001 }, ... // Content omitted for brevity { "_id" : ObjectId("53a8959f1990ca24d01c6740"), "x" : 1500 } ] } ]