部署MySQL數據庫有多種部署方式，常用的部署方式就有三種：yum安裝、rpm安裝以及編譯安裝。每一種安裝方式都有自己的優勢，那么企業當中通常情況下采用的是rpm和二進制安裝的方式。
數據庫官網下載地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
Linux
企業當中，常用的服務器都是Linux操作系統，少部分是使用Windows操作系統。本次部署采用Mysql 5.7作為實驗版本。
Mysql 5.7的主要特性
1、更好的性能：對於多核CPU、固態硬盤、鎖有着更好的優化，每秒100W QPS已不再是MySQL的追求，下個版本能否上200W QPS才是吾等用戶更關心的
2、更好的InnoDB存儲引擎
3、更為健壯的復制功能：復制帶來了數據完全不丟失的方案，傳統金融客戶也可以選擇使用MySQL數據庫。此外，GTID在線平滑升級也變得可能
4、更好的優化器：優化器代碼重構的意義將在這個版本及以后的版本中帶來巨大的改進，Oracle官方正在解決MySQL之前最大的難題
5、原生JSON類型的支持
6、更好的地理信息服務支持：InnoDB原生支持地理位置類型，支持GeoJSON，GeoHash特性
7、新增sys庫
yum部署方式
從CentOS 7.0發布以來，yum源中開始使用Mariadb來代替MySQL的安裝(這里什么是mariadb,和mysql有什么區別，有興趣的小伙伴可以自行查閱）。即使你輸入的是yum install -y mysql , 顯示的也是Mariadb的安裝內容。如果想安裝Mysql就必須使用Mysql官方的yum源。
1、編寫yum源配置文件
#配置好yum源，包括epel源 [root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim wget
使用官方yum倉庫
官網下載連接：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm --2021-09-14 06:45:09-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm [following] --2021-09-14 06:45:10-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.50.239.110 Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.50.239.110|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 26024 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm’ 100%[==============================================================>] 26,024 --.-K/s in 0.04s 2021-09-14 06:45:11 (712 KB/s) - ‘mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm’ saved [26024/26024] [root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Examining mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch Marking mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-3 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: mysql80-community-release noarch el7-3 /mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch 31 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 31 k Installed size: 31 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch 1/1 Installed: mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-3 Complete!
使用清華大學開源鏡像站的yum倉庫（更快）
###使用官方的源很慢，建議使用國內的源，清華大學的源： https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql80-community-el7/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
2、生成yum源緩存
每次當我們編寫了，都需要生成yum緩存，以免安裝錯誤。
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 mysql56-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00 php-webtatic | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/17): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:01 (2/17): epel/x86_64/prestodelta | 1.4 kB 00:00:00 (3/17): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:02 (4/17): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:03 (5/17): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 243 kB 00:00:00 (6/17): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 145 kB 00:00:00 (7/17): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 259 kB 00:00:01 (8/17): epel/x86_64/other_db | 3.3 MB 00:00:02 (9/17): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db | 297 kB 00:00:01 (10/17): mysql56-community/x86_64/other_db | 83 kB 00:00:00 (11/17): mysql56-community/x86_64/filelists_db | 1.1 MB 00:00:02 (12/17): php-webtatic/other_db | 72 kB 00:00:01 (13/17): php-webtatic/filelists_db | 97 kB 00:00:01 (14/17): epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00:15 (15/17): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 11 MB 00:00:07 (16/17): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 765 kB 00:00:00 (17/17): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:21 Metadata Cache Created
3、檢查安裝的yun源是否存在
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 212 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 132 mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 283 # 選擇默認安裝的版本 # 安裝 YUM 管理工具包，此包提供了 yum-config-manager 命令工具 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils [root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community [root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 212 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 132 mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 524
4、安裝MySQL服務
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y mysql-community-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.35-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el7 will be updated ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 will be an update --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el7 will be updated ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el7 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.35-1.el7 mysql57-community 174 M Installing for dependencies: mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.35-1.el7 mysql57-community 1.2 M Updating for dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.35-1.el7 mysql57-community 25 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.35-1.el7 mysql57-community 310 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.35-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.4 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Upgrade ( 3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 203 M Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (1/5): mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 310 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:01 (3/5): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:04 (4/5): mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 MB 00:00:15 (5/5): mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 174 MB 00:03:34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 940 kB/s | 203 MB 00:03:41 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 Package : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch (@/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 1/8 Updating : mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 2/8 Updating : mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 3/8 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 4/8 Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 5/8 Cleanup : mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 6/8 Cleanup : mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 7/8 Cleanup : mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 8/8 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 1/8 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 2/8 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 3/8 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 4/8 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64 5/8 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 6/8 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 7/8 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 8/8 Installed: mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 Dependency Updated: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.35-1.el7 Complete!
5、啟動MySQL服務
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-09-14 06:54:37 CST; 9s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 2807 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 2788 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 2809 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─2809 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid Sep 14 06:54:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Sep 14 06:54:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
6、初始化
MySQL服務器初始化（從MySQL 5.7開始）
在 MySQL 服務器初始啟動時，如果服務器的數據目錄為空，則會發生以下情況：
●MySQL 服務器已初始化。
●在數據目錄中生成SSL證書和密鑰文件。
●安裝並啟用該 validate_password 插件。
●將創建一個超級用戶 帳戶'root'@'localhost'。並會設置超級用戶的密碼，將其存儲在錯誤日志文件/var/log/mysqld.log中。
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2021-09-13T15:02:26.045452Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )Fg,sak*y4aS
7、嘗試連接並修改默認密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p")Fg,sak*y4aS" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.35 Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. # 出現以下錯誤的原因是需要修改初始化密碼 mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by '123456'; ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements #太過簡單的密碼會失敗，因為不滿足密碼復雜度的要求 # 修改密碼 mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Test123!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 要設置比較簡單的密碼就需要取消密碼復雜度，編輯 /etc/my.cnf配置文件, 在 [mysqld]配置塊兒中添加如下內容(企業生成環境不建議使用這種配置) plugin-load=validate_password.so validate-password=OFF
8、遠程連接
遠程登錄還需要授權遠程登錄
Mysql默認不允許遠程登錄，我們需要設置關閉selinux或者防火牆，不關防火牆就開放3306端口；
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@localhost identified by 'Test123!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) #允許任意IP連接 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'Test123!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
添加開放3306端口的iptables規則
iptables -t filter -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DROP