組網要求:某公司有三台屬於不同網段(Vlan)的主機通過三台交換機相連,要求不配置動態路由協議,使不同網段的任意兩台主機之間能夠互通。

一、本節主要知識點:
靜態路由:靜態路由是一種需要管理員手工配置的特殊路由。靜態路由比動態路由使用更少的帶寬,並且不占用CPU資源來計算和分析路由更新。但是當網絡發生故障或者拓撲發生變化后,靜態路由不會自動更新,必須手動重新配置。靜態路由有5個主要的參數:目的地址和掩碼、出接口和下一跳、優先級。
使用靜態路由的好處是配置簡單、可控性高,當網絡結構比較簡單時,只需配置靜態路由就可以使網絡正常工作。在復雜網絡環境中,還可以通過配置靜態路由改進網絡的性能,並且可以為重要的應用保證帶寬。
注意事項:一般情況下兩個設備之間的通信是雙向的,因此路由也必須是雙向的,在本端配置完靜態路由以后,請不要忘記在對端設備上配置回程路由。
在企業網絡雙出口的場景中,通過配置兩條等價的靜態路由可以實現負載分擔,流量可以均衡的分配到兩條不同的鏈路上;通過配置兩條不等價的靜態路由可以實現主備份,當主用鏈路故障的時候流量切換到備用鏈路上。
二、配置思路:
1. 創建VLAN並配置各接口所屬VLAN,配置各VLANIF接口的IP地址,實現相鄰設備
網絡互通。
2. 在各主機上配置IP缺省網關,在各台Switch上配置IPv4靜態路由或者靜態缺省路由,實現不配置動態路由協議,使不同網段的任意兩台主機之間能夠互通。
三、IP設置:
1、SW1:VLANif10:192.168.10.254/24 ,vlan10
VLANif20:192.168.20.1/24 ,vlan20
PC1:192.168.10.1/24
2、SW2:VLANif20:192.168.20.2/24
VLANif30:192.168.30.254/24 ,vlan30
VLANif40:192.168.40.1/24
PC2:192.168.30.1/24
3、SW3:VLANif40:192.168.40.2/24
VLANif50:192.168.50.254/24 ,vlan 50
PC3:192.168.50.1/24
五、SW1交換機的主要配置文件:
#
sysname SW1
#
vlan batch 10 20
#
interface Vlanif10
ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif20
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface MEth0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 10
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.2
#
return
六、SW2交換機的主要配置文件:
#
sysname SW2
#
vlan batch 20 30 40
#
interface Vlanif20
ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif30
ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif40
ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface MEth0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
port link-type access
port default vlan 30
#
ip route-static 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1
ip route-static 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.40.2
#
return
七、SW3交換機的主要配置文件:
#
sysname SW3
#
vlan batch 40 50
#
interface Vlanif40
ip address 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif50
ip address 192.168.50.254 255.255.255.0
#
interface MEth0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 50
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.1
#
return
八、驗證配置結果:
1、查看SW1的IP路由表。
[SW1]disp ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.20.2 Vlanif20
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.10.254 Vlanif10
192.168.10.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif10
192.168.20.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.20.1 Vlanif20
192.168.20.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1
2、查看SW2的IP路由表。
[SW2]disp ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 10 Routes : 10
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.10.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.20.1 Vlanif20
192.168.20.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.20.2 Vlanif20
192.168.20.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif20
192.168.30.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.30.254 Vlanif30
192.168.30.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif30
192.168.40.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.40.1 Vlanif40
192.168.40.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif40
192.168.50.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.40.2
3、在PC1上使用ping命令驗證連通性。
PC>ping 192.168.50.1
Ping 192.168.50.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.50.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=47 ms
From 192.168.50.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=78 ms
--- 192.168.50.1 ping statistics ---
2 packet(s) transmitted
2 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 47/62/78 ms
3、在pc1上使用Tracert命令驗證連通性。
PC>tracert 192.168.50.1
traceroute to 192.168.50.1, 8 hops max
(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
1 192.168.10.254 16 ms 15 ms 32 ms
2 192.168.20.2 31 ms 47 ms 62 ms
3 192.168.40.2 78 ms 63 ms 62 ms
4 192.168.50.1 78 ms 63 ms 94 ms
搬運來自:https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1679777659006465785&wfr=spider&for=pc