python 操作 sqlite-支持多進程 -多線程

python 操作 sqlite 的示例代碼：

 

import time
import threading
import sqlite3

def nomal_producer(conn):
    '''
    @summary: producer defination
    '''
    counter = 0
    conn.isolation_level = None
    conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row

    while True:
        # insert to db
        cur = conn.cursor()
        cur.execute("INSERT INTO datas(content, flag) VALUES (?, ?);", ("content %s"%counter, False))
        counter = counter + 1
        # conn.commit()
        time.sleep(0.1)

def nomal_consumer(conn):
    '''
    @summary: consumer defination
    '''
    conn.isolation_level = None
    conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
    while True:
        # select data
        cur = conn.cursor()
        cur.execute("SELECT * FROM datas ORDER BY id LIMIT 10;")
        records = cur.fetchall()
        if len(records) > 0:
            print "begin to delete: "
            print records
            # delete records
            for r in records:
                conn.execute("DELETE FROM datas WHERE id = ?;", (r["id"], ))
        time.sleep(0.5)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # init db
    conn = sqlite3.connect('./db.sqlite', check_same_thread = False)
    # conn = sqlite3.connect('./db.sqlite')
    # init thread
    producer = threading.Thread(target = nomal_producer, args = (conn,))
    consumer = threading.Thread(target = nomal_consumer, args = (conn,))

    # start threads
    producer.start()
    consumer.start()

 

在多進程操作 sqlite 的示例代碼中，采用 producer 和 consumer 的模式來處理，沒有特殊之處，但需要注意的是：在建立 sqlite3 的 connection 的時候，需要設置 check_same_thread = False。
另外，為了達到真正的 thread-safe，可以對 python 的 sqlite3 做進一步封裝，以達到僅有一個 thread 在操作 sqlite，原理很簡單，就是使用 queue 來處理所有操作請求並同時將結果返回到另外一個 queue 中去，示例代碼如下：

 

import sqlite3
from Queue import Queue
from threading import Thread

class SqliteMultithread(Thread):
    """
    Wrap sqlite connection in a way that allows concurrent requests from multiple threads.

    This is done by internally queueing the requests and processing them sequentially
    in a separate thread (in the same order they arrived).

    """
    def __init__(self, filename, autocommit, journal_mode):
        super(SqliteMultithread, self).__init__()
        self.filename = filename
        self.autocommit = autocommit
        self.journal_mode = journal_mode
        self.reqs = Queue() # use request queue of unlimited size
        self.setDaemon(True) # python2.5-compatible
        self.start()

    def run(self):
        if self.autocommit:
            conn = sqlite3.connect(self.filename, isolation_level=None, check_same_thread=False)
        else:
            conn = sqlite3.connect(self.filename, check_same_thread=False)
        conn.execute('PRAGMA journal_mode = %s' % self.journal_mode)
        conn.text_factory = str
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute('PRAGMA synchronous=OFF')
        while True:
            req, arg, res = self.reqs.get()
            if req == '--close--':
                break
            elif req == '--commit--':
                conn.commit()
            else:
                cursor.execute(req, arg)
                if res:
                    for rec in cursor:
                        res.put(rec)
                    res.put('--no more--')
                if self.autocommit:
                    conn.commit()
        conn.close()

    def execute(self, req, arg=None, res=None):
        """
        `execute` calls are non-blocking: just queue up the request and return immediately.

        """
        self.reqs.put((req, arg or tuple(), res))

    def executemany(self, req, items):
        for item in items:
            self.execute(req, item)

    def select(self, req, arg=None):
        """
        Unlike sqlite's native select, this select doesn't handle iteration efficiently.

        The result of `select` starts filling up with values as soon as the
        request is dequeued, and although you can iterate over the result normally
        (`for res in self.select(): ...`), the entire result will be in memory.

        """
        res = Queue() # results of the select will appear as items in this queue
        self.execute(req, arg, res)
        while True:
            rec = res.get()
            if rec == '--no more--':
                break
            yield rec

    def select_one(self, req, arg=None):
        """Return only the first row of the SELECT, or None if there are no matching rows."""
        try:
            return iter(self.select(req, arg)).next()
        except StopIteration:
            return None

    def commit(self):
        self.execute('--commit--')

    def close(self):
        self.execute('--close--')

#endclass SqliteMultithread