一、介紹
Bootstrap 是最受歡迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架，用於開發響應式布局、移動設備優先的 WEB 項目。
二、引入方式
地址：https://v3.bootcss.com/
bootstrap需要依賴於jQuery才能正常執行(動態效果)
第一次使用該框架的時候最好采用本地導入的方式,讓pycharm記住bootstrap的關鍵字。
1、本地引入
1.引入jQuery 2.引入bootstrap的css文件 3.引入bootstrap的js文件 將下載好的bootstrap文件夾拖到pycharm項目中即可，再按上面的方式引入
2、CDN引入
1.引入jQuery CDN 2.引入bootstrap css的 CDN 3.引入bootstrap js的 CDN
三、頁面布局
1、多數瀏覽頁面的左右兩側都有空白區域————稱謂左右留白
container 左右留白
container-fluid 左右不留白
2、柵格系統
Bootstrap 提供了一套響應式、移動設備優先的流式柵格系統，隨着屏幕或視口（viewport）尺寸的增加，系統會自動分為最多12列，即響應式布局。
該系統能夠自動監測瀏覽器窗口大小，從而根據大小來進行變化。
row 行 # 一個row就是一行 一行是固定的12份，一個row里面還可以無限的嵌套row col-md-1 占幾份 col-sm-1 占幾份 col-xs-1 占幾份 col-lg-1 占幾份
代碼實例：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .c1{ background-color: palevioletred; height: 200px; border: 5px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div> 將六份分一邊 <div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div> </div> </body> </html>
注意上面是在網頁端的參數，如果改到移動端則需要添加代碼：
<div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-5"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-7"></div> 我這里將移動端頁面改為5、7分成。這樣在pc端為6,6分。在移動端為5,7分
柵格系統參數
3、列偏移
就是將任意份數的一行，進行向左或向右移動的操作。
<body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"></div> <div class="col-lg-8 c1 col-lg-offset-2"></div> </div> </body> 在基於總的12份的基礎上。代表只需要8列，然后向右移動2分就居中了
4、表格與表單
表格：
為任意 <table> 標簽添加 .table 類可以為其賦予基本的樣式 — 少量的內補（padding）和水平方向的分隔線。
語法： <table class="table"> ... </table>
表格顏色設置參數
代碼演示：一般都要給表格加上樣式所以設定這幾個參數：<table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped">
table-bordered:帶邊框的表格樣式
table-hover:鼠標懸停
table-striped：有條紋的
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .c1{ background-color: palevioletred; height: 200px; border: 5px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <!-- 向右移動3份，居中--> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <!-- 文本直接text-center即可。--> <h2 class="text-center">表單</h2> <!-- 添加表格的樣式，用着三個即可。可以全部加上更好看--> <table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped"> <thead> <tr class="active"> <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th>顏色顯示行</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="success"> <td>1</td> <td>張三</td> <td>class="success"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="info"> <td>2</td> <td>李四</td> <td>class="info"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="warning"> <td>3</td> <td>王麻五</td> <td>class="warning"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="danger"> <td>4</td> <td>老六</td> <td>class="danger"</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
表單：form
基本設置：想讓input框有樣式，加入class=‘from-control’即可。
<input type="text" class="form-control" disabled> form-control 優化頁面 disbaled 禁止其與用戶有任何交互
代碼演示：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <form class="form-inline" method="" action=""> <div class="form-group"> <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail3">Email address</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail3" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword3">Password</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword3" placeholder="Password"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button> </form> </body> </html>
5、按鈕：
提交的按鈕，跳轉頁面的按鈕等，設置一些樣式和屬性。
代碼：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Standard button --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">（默認樣式）Default</button> <!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">（首選項）Primary</button> <!-- Indicates a successful or positive action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">（成功）Success</button> <!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">（一般信息）Info</button> <!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">（警告）Warning</button> <!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">（危險）Danger</button> <!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">（鏈接）Link</button> </body> </html>
鏈接a標簽添加形狀
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg active" role="button">Primary link</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-lg active" role="button">Link</a>
改變圖片形狀
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
關閉按鈕
<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
快速浮動
<div class="pull-left">...</div> <div class="pull-right">...</div>
清除浮動
通過為父元素添加 .clearfix 類可以很容易地清除浮動（float）。
<!-- Usage as a class --> <div class="clearfix">...</div>
讓內容塊居中
為任意元素設置 display: block 屬性並通過 margin 屬性讓其中的內容居中。
<div class="center-block">...</div> // Class .center-block { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
四、組件
圖標：直接復制用<span>標簽包裹起來，在span標簽里面寫下組件圖標的英文即可
五、導航條
1、代碼
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav>
2、表單
將表單放置於 .navbar-form 之內可以呈現很好的垂直對齊，並在較窄的視口（viewport）中呈現折疊狀態。使用對齊選項可以規定其在導航條上出現的位置。
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form>
3、改變導航條顏色
通過添加 .navbar-inverse 類可以改變導航條的外觀。
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
4、分頁
<nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>
5、巨幕
<div class="jumbotron"> <h1>Hello, world!</h1> <p>...</p> <p><a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a></p> </div>
注意：更多的使用，請在官方文檔查看！！！！！！！
實戰管理系統
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">圖書管理系統</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">書籍 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">作者</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多查詢 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Jason</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多操作 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">修改密碼</a></li> <li><a href="#">修改頭像</a></li> <li><a href="#">后台管理</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">注銷</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="list-group"> <a href="#" class="list-group-item active"> 書籍管理 </a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">作者管理</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">出版社管理</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">其他</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">圖書管理系統 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-book pull-right"></span> </h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <a href="" class="pull-right btn btn-success">新增</a> <form class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputAmount" placeholder="搜索"> </div> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">搜索</button> </form> <br> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>編號</th> <th>書名</th> <th>價格</th> <th>作者</th> <th class="text-center">操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>哈哈哈哈書</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>哈哈哥</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">編輯</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">刪除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>嘻嘻嘻嘻雜志</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>嘻嘻姐</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">編輯</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">刪除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>噠噠噠噠噠本子</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>噠噠噠</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">編輯</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">刪除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>嘟嘟嘟嘟玩具車義</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>嘟嘟嘟嘟</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">編輯</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">刪除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>三國演義</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>羅貫中</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">編輯</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">刪除</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="text-center"> <nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div><!-- /input-group --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> </body> </html>