如何使用vscode快速配置C語言環境(簡單實用)


需要用到的工具:

VSCode(Visual Studio Code)

一、首先打開官網鏈接,然后根據自己的電腦選擇合適的安裝程序進行下載。

二、在安裝時默認點擊下一步,最后記得勾選上添加path到系統變量里,方便鼠標右鍵直接用vscode打開相應文件。如圖:

安裝vscode

C語言編譯包(MinGW-w64)

一、前面的工作做完后,然后是下載MinGW-w64編譯工具,這里不推薦下載上面綠色部分的在線安裝包,比較麻煩,直接下載下面的壓縮包,如圖所示:
mingw-w64

下載完成后解壓文件,可以自行選擇目錄,我這里是選擇D盤下的軟件目錄。這里一定不要忘了添加環境變量(鼠標右鍵此電腦——屬性——高級系統設置——環境變量——系統變量path),需要進入bin和include文件夾並把他們的路徑添加到path里面。由於我是把mingw64安裝在D:\Users\data\software里面的,所以如圖所示:

mingw64
path_position

環境變量配置好,就來驗證一下,打開win+R,輸入cmd命令,回車。第一步,輸入gcc -v,回車。第二步,輸入gdb,回車。若出現下面這些情況,說明你的環境變量已經沒有問題。
gcc -v

gdb

前面的工作已經完成,這里就開始下面的工作。

安裝vscode插件

這里推薦安裝C/C++以及C/C++ Compile Run插件。如圖:
C/C++
C/C++ Compile Run

安裝好之后就開始我們的編譯准備吧。
打開vscode的工作目錄,新建一個hello.c文件,在這里輸入:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
    
int main()
{
    printf("helloworld!");
    return 0;
}

由於沒有進行vscode的C語言環境配置,所以會出現很多問題。這里就不一一闡述了,在工作目錄的下建立一個.vscode的文件夾用於存儲一些配置。由於是C語言,這里建立三個文件,分別是:c_cpp_properties.json,launch.json,tasks.json。具體內容如下:

// c_cpp_properties.json
{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceRoot}",
                "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64**",
                "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++",
                "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward",
                "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include",
                "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed",
                "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "__GNUC__=6",
                "__cdecl=__attribute__((__cdecl__))"
            ],
            "intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64",
            "browse": {
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                "databaseFilename": "",
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceRoot}",
                    "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/include/**",
                    "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++",
                    "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                    "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward",
                    "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include",
                    "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed",
                    "D:/Users/data/software/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
                ]
            }
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}
// launch.json
{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(Windows) Launch",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "cmd",
            "preLaunchTask": "echo",
            "args": [
                "/C",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "&",
                "echo.",
                "&",
                "pause"
            ],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole":true
        },
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:\\Users\\data\\software\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",// 自己電腦的gdb
            "preLaunchTask": "echo",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
 
        }
    ]

}
// tasks.json
{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "echo",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "gcc",
            "args": [
                "-g", 
                "${file}", 
                "-o", 
                "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "-fexec-charset=GBK"//解決中文亂碼
            ]
        }
    ],
    "presentation": {
        "echo": true,
        "reveal": "always",
        "focus": false,
        "panel": "shared", 
        "showReuseMessage": true,
        "clear": false
    }

}

其中,通過Ctrl+H快捷鍵,把D:/Users/data/software/mingw64替換成你自己的mingw64安裝路徑即可。好了,現在就能成功進行編譯了。由於我這里在C/C++ Compile Run插件里面設置了Run in a new external terminal,所以會彈出新的cmd窗口。

配置C/C++ Compile Run

在我們剛剛寫的c文件頁面,按F6即可運行,運行結果如下:

運行結果

另外,為了節省大家的時間,附上我打包的vscode以及mingw64和.vscode的地址,有問題歡迎在下方留言!


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