轉自:https://www.jianshu.com/p/2d05397688dd
參考:https://www.cnblogs.com/jimw/p/9037542.html
背景
- 系統: SpringBoot開發的Web應用;
- ORM: JPA(Hibernate)
- 接口功能簡述: 根據實體類ID到數據庫中查詢實體信息,然后使用RestTemplate調用外部系統接口獲取數據。
問題現象
- 瀏覽器頁面有時報504 GateWay Timeout錯誤,刷新多次后,則總是timeout
- 數據庫連接池報連接耗盡異常
- 調用外部系統時有時報502 Bad GateWay錯誤
分析過程
為便於描述將本系統稱為A,外部系統稱為B。
這三個問題環環相扣,導火索是第3個問題,然后導致第2個問題,最后導致出現第3個問題;
原因簡述: 第3個問題是由於Nginx負載下沒有掛系統B,導致本系統在請求外部系統時報502錯誤,而A沒有正確處理異常,導致http請求無法正常關閉,而springboot默認打開openInView, 導致調用A的請求關閉時才會關閉數據庫連接。
這里主要分析第1個問題:為什么請求A的連接出現504 Timeout.
AbstractConnPool
通過日志看到A在調用B時出現阻塞,直到timeout,打印出線程堆棧查看:
可以看到線程阻塞在AbstractConnPool類getPoolEntryBlocking方法中。
1 private E getPoolEntryBlocking( 2 final T route, final Object state, 3 final long timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit, 4 final Future<E> future) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException { 5 6 Date deadline = null; 7 if (timeout > 0) { 8 deadline = new Date (System.currentTimeMillis() + timeUnit.toMillis(timeout)); 9 } 10 this.lock.lock(); 11 try { 12 //根據route獲取route對應的連接池 13 final RouteSpecificPool<T, C, E> pool = getPool(route); 14 E entry; 15 for (;;) { 16 Asserts.check(!this.isShutDown, "Connection pool shut down"); 17 for (;;) { 18 //獲取可用的連接 19 entry = pool.getFree(state); 20 if (entry == null) { 21 break; 22 } 23 // 判斷連接是否過期,如過期則關閉並從可用連接集合中刪除 24 if (entry.isExpired(System.currentTimeMillis())) { 25 entry.close(); 26 } 27 if (entry.isClosed()) { 28 this.available.remove(entry); 29 pool.free(entry, false); 30 } else { 31 break; 32 } 33 } 34 // 如果從連接池中獲取到可用連接,更新可用連接和待釋放連接集合 35 if (entry != null) { 36 this.available.remove(entry); 37 this.leased.add(entry); 38 onReuse(entry); 39 return entry; 40 } 41 42 // 如果沒有可用連接,則創建新連接 43 final int maxPerRoute = getMax(route); 44 // 創建新連接之前,檢查是否超過每個route連接池大小,如果超過,則刪除可用連接集合相應數量的連接(從總的可用連接集合和每個route的可用連接集合中刪除) 45 final int excess = Math.max(0, pool.getAllocatedCount() + 1 - maxPerRoute); 46 if (excess > 0) { 47 for (int i = 0; i < excess; i++) { 48 final E lastUsed = pool.getLastUsed(); 49 if (lastUsed == null) { 50 break; 51 } 52 lastUsed.close(); 53 this.available.remove(lastUsed); 54 pool.remove(lastUsed); 55 } 56 } 57 58 if (pool.getAllocatedCount() < maxPerRoute) { 59 //比較總的可用連接數量與總的可用連接集合大小,釋放多余的連接資源 60 final int totalUsed = this.leased.size(); 61 final int freeCapacity = Math.max(this.maxTotal - totalUsed, 0); 62 if (freeCapacity > 0) { 63 final int totalAvailable = this.available.size(); 64 if (totalAvailable > freeCapacity - 1) { 65 if (!this.available.isEmpty()) { 66 final E lastUsed = this.available.removeLast(); 67 lastUsed.close(); 68 final RouteSpecificPool<T, C, E> otherpool = getPool(lastUsed.getRoute()); 69 otherpool.remove(lastUsed); 70 } 71 } 72 // 真正創建連接的地方 73 final C conn = this.connFactory.create(route); 74 entry = pool.add(conn); 75 this.leased.add(entry); 76 return entry; 77 } 78 } 79 80 //如果已經超過了每個route的連接池大小,則加入隊列等待有可用連接時被喚醒或直到某個終止時間 81 boolean success = false; 82 try { 83 if (future.isCancelled()) { 84 throw new InterruptedException("Operation interrupted"); 85 } 86 pool.queue(future); 87 this.pending.add(future); 88 if (deadline != null) { 89 success = this.condition.awaitUntil(deadline); 90 } else { 91 this.condition.await(); 92 success = true; 93 } 94 if (future.isCancelled()) { 95 throw new InterruptedException("Operation interrupted"); 96 } 97 } finally { 98 //如果到了終止時間或有被喚醒時,加出隊列,加入下次循環 99 pool.unqueue(future); 100 this.pending.remove(future); 101 } 102 // 處理異常喚醒和超時情況 103 if (!success && (deadline != null && deadline.getTime() <= System.currentTimeMillis())) { 104 break; 105 } 106 } 107 throw new TimeoutException("Timeout waiting for connection"); 108 } finally { 109 this.lock.unlock(); 110 } 111 }
從上面代碼中可以看出,getPoolEntryBlocking方法用於獲取連接,主要有三步:
- 檢查可用連接集合中是否有可重復使用的連接,如果有則獲取連接,返回
- 創建新連接,注意同時需要檢查可用連接集合(分為每個route的和全局的)是否有多余的連接資源,如果有,則需要釋放。
- 加入隊列等待
從線程堆棧可以看出,第1個問題是由於走到了第3步。開始時是有時會報504異常,刷新多次后會一直報504異常,經過跟蹤調試發現前幾次會成功獲取到連接,而連接池滿后,后面的請求會阻塞。正常情況下當前面的連接釋放到連接池后,后面的請求會得到連接資源繼續執行,可現實是后面的連接一直處於等待狀態,猜想可能是由於連接一直未釋放導致。
我們來看一下連接在什么時候會釋放。
RestTemplate
由於在調外部系統B時,使用的是RestTemplate的getForObject方法,從此入手跟蹤調試看一看。
1 @Override 2 public <T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException { 3 RequestCallback requestCallback = acceptHeaderRequestCallback(responseType); 4 HttpMessageConverterExtractor<T> responseExtractor = 5 new HttpMessageConverterExtractor<T>(responseType, getMessageConverters(), logger); 6 return execute(url, HttpMethod.GET, requestCallback, responseExtractor, uriVariables); 7 } 8 9 @Override 10 public <T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables) throws RestClientException { 11 RequestCallback requestCallback = acceptHeaderRequestCallback(responseType); 12 HttpMessageConverterExtractor<T> responseExtractor = 13 new HttpMessageConverterExtractor<T>(responseType, getMessageConverters(), logger); 14 return execute(url, HttpMethod.GET, requestCallback, responseExtractor, uriVariables); 15 } 16 17 @Override 18 public <T> T getForObject(URI url, Class<T> responseType) throws RestClientException { 19 RequestCallback requestCallback = acceptHeaderRequestCallback(responseType); 20 HttpMessageConverterExtractor<T> responseExtractor = 21 new HttpMessageConverterExtractor<T>(responseType, getMessageConverters(), logger); 22 return execute(url, HttpMethod.GET, requestCallback, responseExtractor); 23 }
getForObject都調用了execute方法(其實RestTemplate的其它http請求方法調用的也是execute方法)
1 @Override 2 public <T> T execute(String url, HttpMethod method, RequestCallback requestCallback, 3 ResponseExtractor<T> responseExtractor, Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException { 4 5 URI expanded = getUriTemplateHandler().expand(url, uriVariables); 6 return doExecute(expanded, method, requestCallback, responseExtractor); 7 } 8 9 @Override 10 public <T> T execute(String url, HttpMethod method, RequestCallback requestCallback, 11 ResponseExtractor<T> responseExtractor, Map<String, ?> uriVariables) throws RestClientException { 12 13 URI expanded = getUriTemplateHandler().expand(url, uriVariables); 14 return doExecute(expanded, method, requestCallback, responseExtractor); 15 } 16 17 @Override 18 public <T> T execute(URI url, HttpMethod method, RequestCallback requestCallback, 19 ResponseExtractor<T> responseExtractor) throws RestClientException { 20 21 return doExecute(url, method, requestCallback, responseExtractor); 22 }
所有execute方法都調用了同一個doExecute方法
1 protected <T> T doExecute(URI url, HttpMethod method, RequestCallback requestCallback, 2 ResponseExtractor<T> responseExtractor) throws RestClientException { 3 4 Assert.notNull(url, "'url' must not be null"); 5 Assert.notNull(method, "'method' must not be null"); 6 ClientHttpResponse response = null; 7 try { 8 ClientHttpRequest request = createRequest(url, method); 9 if (requestCallback != null) { 10 requestCallback.doWithRequest(request); 11 } 12 response = request.execute(); 13 handleResponse(url, method, response); 14 if (responseExtractor != null) { 15 return responseExtractor.extractData(response); 16 } 17 else { 18 return null; 19 } 20 } 21 catch (IOException ex) { 22 String resource = url.toString(); 23 String query = url.getRawQuery(); 24 resource = (query != null ? resource.substring(0, resource.indexOf('?')) : resource); 25 throw new ResourceAccessException("I/O error on " + method.name() + 26 " request for \"" + resource + "\": " + ex.getMessage(), ex); 27 } 28 finally { 29 if (response != null) { 30 response.close(); 31 } 32 } 33 }
doExecute方法創建了請求,然后執行,處理異常,最后關閉。可以看到關閉操作放在finally中,任何情況都會執行到,除非返回的response為null。
InterceptingClientHttpRequest
進入到request.execute()方法中,對應抽象類org.springframework.http.client.AbstractClientHttpRequest的execute方法
1 @Override 2 public final ClientHttpResponse execute() throws IOException { 3 assertNotExecuted(); 4 ClientHttpResponse result = executeInternal(this.headers); 5 this.executed = true; 6 return result; 7 }
1 protected ClientHttpResponse executeInternal(HttpHeaders headers) throws IOException { 2 byte[] bytes = this.bufferedOutput.toByteArray(); 3 if (headers.getContentLength() < 0) { 4 headers.setContentLength(bytes.length); 5 } 6 ClientHttpResponse result = executeInternal(headers, bytes); 7 this.bufferedOutput = null; 8 return result; 9 }
此抽象類在AbstractClientHttpRequest基礎之上添加了緩沖功能,可以保存要發送給服務器的數據,然后一塊發送。看這一句:
1 ClientHttpResponse result = executeInternal(headers, bytes);
1 protected final ClientHttpResponse executeInternal(HttpHeaders headers, byte[] bufferedOutput) throws IOException { 2 InterceptingRequestExecution requestExecution = new InterceptingRequestExecution(); 3 return requestExecution.execute(this, bufferedOutput); 4 }
實例化了一個帶攔截器的請求執行對象InterceptingRequestExecution,進入看一看。
1 public ClientHttpResponse execute(HttpRequest request, final byte[] body) throws IOException { 2 // 如果有攔截器,則執行攔截器並返回結果 3 if (this.iterator.hasNext()) { 4 ClientHttpRequestInterceptor nextInterceptor = this.iterator.next(); 5 return nextInterceptor.intercept(request, body, this); 6 } 7 else { 8 // 如果沒有攔截器,則通過requestFactory創建request對象並執行 9 ClientHttpRequest delegate = requestFactory.createRequest(request.getURI(), request.getMethod()); 10 for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : request.getHeaders().entrySet()) { 11 List<String> values = entry.getValue(); 12 for (String value : values) { 13 delegate.getHeaders().add(entry.getKey(), value); 14 } 15 } 16 if (body.length > 0) { 17 if (delegate instanceof StreamingHttpOutputMessage) { 18 StreamingHttpOutputMessage streamingOutputMessage = (StreamingHttpOutputMessage) delegate; 19 streamingOutputMessage.setBody(new StreamingHttpOutputMessage.Body() { 20 @Override 21 public void writeTo(final OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException { 22 StreamUtils.copy(body, outputStream); 23 } 24 }); 25 } 26 else { 27 StreamUtils.copy(body, delegate.getBody()); 28 } 29 } 30 return delegate.execute(); 31 } 32 }
看一下RestTemplate的配置:
1 RestTemplateBuilder builder = new RestTemplateBuilder(); 2 return builder 3 .setConnectTimeout(customConfig.getRest().getConnectTimeOut()) 4 .setReadTimeout(customConfig.getRest().getReadTimeout()) 5 .interceptors(restTemplateLogInterceptor) 6 .errorHandler(new ThrowErrorHandler()) 7 .build(); 8 }
可以看到配置了連接超時,讀超時,攔截器,和錯誤處理器。
看一下攔截器的實現:
1 public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest httpRequest, byte[] bytes, ClientHttpRequestExecution clientHttpRequestExecution) throws IOException { 2 // 打印訪問前日志 3 ClientHttpResponse execute = clientHttpRequestExecution.execute(httpRequest, bytes); 4 if (如果返回碼不是200) { 5 // 拋出自定義運行時異常 6 } 7 // 打印訪問后日志 8 return execute; 9 }
可以看到當返回碼不是200時,拋出異常。還記得RestTemplate中的doExecute方法吧,此處如果拋出異常,雖然會執行doExecute方法中的finally代碼,但由於返回的response為null(其實是有response的),沒有關閉response,所以這里不能拋出異常,如果確實想拋出異常,可以在錯誤處理器errorHandler中拋出,這樣確保response能正常返回和關閉。
RestTemplate源碼部分解析
何時如何決定使用哪一個底層http框架
知道了原因,我們再來看一下RestTemplate在什么時候決定使用什么http框架。其實在通過RestTemplateBuilder實例化RestTemplate對象時就決定了。
看一下RestTemplateBuilder的build方法
1 public RestTemplate build() { 2 return build(RestTemplate.class); 3 } 4 public <T extends RestTemplate> T build(Class<T> restTemplateClass) { 5 return configure(BeanUtils.instantiate(restTemplateClass)); 6 }
可以看到在實例化RestTemplate對象之后,進行配置。
1 public <T extends RestTemplate> T configure(T restTemplate) { 2 // 配置requestFactory 3 configureRequestFactory(restTemplate); 4 // 配置消息轉換器 5 if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.messageConverters)) { 6 restTemplate.setMessageConverters( 7 new ArrayList<HttpMessageConverter<?>>(this.messageConverters)); 8 } 9 //配置uri模板處理器 10 if (this.uriTemplateHandler != null) { 11 restTemplate.setUriTemplateHandler(this.uriTemplateHandler); 12 } 13 //配置錯誤處理器 14 if (this.errorHandler != null) { 15 restTemplate.setErrorHandler(this.errorHandler); 16 } 17 // 設置根路徑(一般為'/') 18 if (this.rootUri != null) { 19 RootUriTemplateHandler.addTo(restTemplate, this.rootUri); 20 } 21 // 配置登錄驗證 22 if (this.basicAuthorization != null) { 23 restTemplate.getInterceptors().add(this.basicAuthorization); 24 } 25 //配置自定義restTemplate器 26 if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.restTemplateCustomizers)) { 27 for (RestTemplateCustomizer customizer : this.restTemplateCustomizers) { 28 customizer.customize(restTemplate); 29 } 30 } 31 //配置攔截器 32 restTemplate.getInterceptors().addAll(this.interceptors); 33 return restTemplate; 34 }
看一下方法的第一行,配置requestFactory。
1 private void configureRequestFactory(RestTemplate restTemplate) { 2 ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = null; 3 if (this.requestFactory != null) { 4 requestFactory = this.requestFactory; 5 } 6 else if (this.detectRequestFactory) { 7 requestFactory = detectRequestFactory(); 8 } 9 if (requestFactory != null) { 10 ClientHttpRequestFactory unwrappedRequestFactory = unwrapRequestFactoryIfNecessary( 11 requestFactory); 12 for (RequestFactoryCustomizer customizer : this.requestFactoryCustomizers) { 13 customizer.customize(unwrappedRequestFactory); 14 } 15 restTemplate.setRequestFactory(requestFactory); 16 } 17 }
可以指定requestFactory,也可以自動探測。看一下detectRequestFactory方法。
1 private ClientHttpRequestFactory detectRequestFactory() { 2 for (Map.Entry<String, String> candidate : REQUEST_FACTORY_CANDIDATES 3 .entrySet()) { 4 ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader(); 5 if (ClassUtils.isPresent(candidate.getKey(), classLoader)) { 6 Class<?> factoryClass = ClassUtils.resolveClassName(candidate.getValue(), 7 classLoader); 8 ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = (ClientHttpRequestFactory) BeanUtils 9 .instantiate(factoryClass); 10 initializeIfNecessary(requestFactory); 11 return requestFactory; 12 } 13 } 14 return new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(); 15 }
循環REQUEST_FACTORY_CANDIDATES集合,檢查classpath類路徑中是否存在相應的jar包,如果存在,則創建相應框架的封裝類對象。如果都不存在,則返回使用JDK方式實現的RequestFactory對象。
看一下REQUEST_FACTORY_CANDIDATES集合
1 private static final Map<String, String> REQUEST_FACTORY_CANDIDATES; 2 3 static { 4 Map<String, String> candidates = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(); 5 candidates.put("org.apache.http.client.HttpClient", 6 "org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory"); 7 candidates.put("okhttp3.OkHttpClient", 8 "org.springframework.http.client.OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory"); 9 candidates.put("com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient", 10 "org.springframework.http.client.OkHttpClientHttpRequestFactory"); 11 candidates.put("io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup", 12 "org.springframework.http.client.Netty4ClientHttpRequestFactory"); 13 REQUEST_FACTORY_CANDIDATES = Collections.unmodifiableMap(candidates); 14 }
可以看到共有四種Http調用實現方式,在配置RestTemplate時可指定,並在類路徑中提供相應的實現jar包。
Request攔截器的設計
再看一下InterceptingRequestExecution類的execute方法。
1 public ClientHttpResponse execute(HttpRequest request, final byte[] body) throws IOException { 2 // 如果有攔截器,則執行攔截器並返回結果 3 if (this.iterator.hasNext()) { 4 ClientHttpRequestInterceptor nextInterceptor = this.iterator.next(); 5 return nextInterceptor.intercept(request, body, this); 6 } 7 else { 8 // 如果沒有攔截器,則通過requestFactory創建request對象並執行 9 ClientHttpRequest delegate = requestFactory.createRequest(request.getURI(), request.getMethod()); 10 for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : request.getHeaders().entrySet()) { 11 List<String> values = entry.getValue(); 12 for (String value : values) { 13 delegate.getHeaders().add(entry.getKey(), value); 14 } 15 } 16 if (body.length > 0) { 17 if (delegate instanceof StreamingHttpOutputMessage) { 18 StreamingHttpOutputMessage streamingOutputMessage = (StreamingHttpOutputMessage) delegate; 19 streamingOutputMessage.setBody(new StreamingHttpOutputMessage.Body() { 20 @Override 21 public void writeTo(final OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException { 22 StreamUtils.copy(body, outputStream); 23 } 24 }); 25 } 26 else { 27 StreamUtils.copy(body, delegate.getBody()); 28 } 29 } 30 return delegate.execute(); 31 } 32 }
其實傳入的request對象在有攔截器的時候是 InterceptingClientHttpRequest對象,沒有攔截器時,則直接是包裝了各個http調用實現框的Request。如 HttpComponentsClientHttpRequest、 OkHttp3ClientHttpRequest等。當有攔截器時,會執行攔截器,攔截器可以有多個,而這里 this.iterator.hasNext()不是一個循環,為什么呢?秘密在於攔截器的intercept方法。
1 ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest request, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) 2 throws IOException;
此方法包含request,body,execution。exection類型為ClientHttpRequestExecution接口,上面的InterceptingRequestExecution便實現了此接口,這樣在調用攔截器時,傳入exection對象本身,然后再調一次execute方法,再判斷是否仍有攔截器,如果有,再執行下一個攔截器,將所有攔截器執行完后,再生成真正的request對象,執行http調用。
那如果沒有攔截器呢?
上面已經知道RestTemplate在實例化時會實例化RequestFactory,當發起http請求時,會執行restTemplate的doExecute方法,此方法中會創建Request,而createRequest方法中,首先會獲取RequestFactory
1 // org.springframework.http.client.support.HttpAccessor 2 protected ClientHttpRequest createRequest(URI url, HttpMethod method) throws IOException { 3 ClientHttpRequest request = getRequestFactory().createRequest(url, method); 4 if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { 5 logger.debug("Created " + method.name() + " request for \"" + url + "\""); 6 } 7 return request; 8 } 9 10 11 // org.springframework.http.client.support.InterceptingHttpAccessor 12 public ClientHttpRequestFactory getRequestFactory() { 13 ClientHttpRequestFactory delegate = super.getRequestFactory(); 14 if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(getInterceptors())) { 15 return new InterceptingClientHttpRequestFactory(delegate, getInterceptors()); 16 } 17 else { 18 return delegate; 19 } 20 }
看一下RestTemplate與這兩個類的關系就知道調用關系了。
獲取http連接邏輯流程圖
以HttpComponents為底層Http調用實現的邏輯流程圖。
流程圖說明:
- RestTemplate可以根據配置來實例化對應的RequestFactory,包括apache httpComponents、OkHttp3、Netty等實現。
- RestTemplate與HttpComponents銜接的類是HttpClient,此類是apache httpComponents提供給用戶使用,執行http調用。HttpClient是創建RequestFactory對象時通過HttpClientBuilder實例化的,在實例化HttpClient對象時,實例化了HttpClientConnectionManager和多個ClientExecChain,HttpRequestExecutor、HttpProcessor以及一些策略。
- 當發起請求時,由requestFactory實例化httpRequest,然后依次執行ClientexecChain,常用的有四種:
- RedirectExec: 請求跳轉;根據上次響應結果和跳轉策略決定下次跳轉的地址,默認最大執行50次跳轉;
- RetryExec:決定出現I/O錯誤的請求是否再次執行
- ProtocolExec: 填充必要的http請求header,處理http響應header,更新會話狀態
- MainClientExec:請求執行鏈中最后一個節點;從連接池CPool中獲取連接,執行請求調用,並返回請求結果;
- PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager用於管理連接池,包括連接池初始化,獲取連接,獲取連接,打開連接,釋放連接,關閉連接池等操作。
- CPool代表連接池,但連接並不保存在CPool中;CPool中維護着三個連接狀態集合:leased(租用的,即待釋放的)/available(可用的)/pending(等待的),用於記錄所有連接的狀態;並且維護着每個Route對應的連接池RouteSpecificPool;
- RouteSpecificPool是連接真正存放的地方,內部同樣也維護着三個連接狀態集合,但只記錄屬於本route的連接。
HttpComponents將連接按照route划分連接池,有利於資源隔離,使每個route請求相互不影響;
總結
- 在使用框架時,特別是在增強其功能,自定義行為時,要考慮到自定義行為對框架原有流程邏輯的影響,並且最好要熟悉框架相應功能的設計意圖。
- 在與外部事物交互,包括網絡,磁盤,數據庫等,做到異常情況的處理。
restTemplate踩過的坑-spring clound
現在公司項目基本都從臃腫的項目轉換成微服務的方向轉換,因此也從中使用了spring clound的一些組件,在此過程中就遇到了restTemplate的坑。
起初,是直接注入RestTemplate,后來則不斷的遇到錯誤日志無法請求,出現異常。
異常信息:
因此不適用默認的,直接重新自定義,則引用了原有的注入修改一下。
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/**
*
* 功能描述:
*
* @作者 jimw 創建時間:2018-04
*
*/
@Configuration
public
class
RestTemplateConfig {
public
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return
new
RestTemplate(getClientHttpRequestFactory());
}
/**
* 配置HttpClient超時時間
*
* @return
*/
private
ClientHttpRequestFactory getClientHttpRequestFactory() {
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(HTTP_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
.setConnectTimeout(HTTP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT).build();
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
return
new
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(client);
}
/** http請求socket連接超時時間,毫秒為單位 */
public
static
final
int
HTTP_SOCKET_TIMEOUT =
15000
;
/** http請求連接超時時間,毫秒為單位 */
public
static
final
int
HTTP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT =
15000
;
}
|
當配置了這個之后,服務正常了。觀察了一段時間,發現在並發的高峰期,開多幾個服務器負載,也會存在服務出現請求非常慢,導致接口出現阻塞的情況出現,經過分析
1、出現阻塞的原因是因為高峰並發的時候,出現請求的鏈接數很大
因此找了源碼,發現是因為restTemplate的默認配置值小於請求的鏈接數,而且路由並發也是默認為5的,因為微服務之間的邏輯處理中也有一定的時間。出現大規模阻塞的坑就這么踩到了。
對代碼改造一下,配置最大鏈接數,路由並發數,這個restTemplate的坑就這么解決了。
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package
com.jingbei.guess.config.web;
import
java.security.KeyManagementException;
import
java.security.KeyStoreException;
import
java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import
java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import
java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import
javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import
javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import
org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import
org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import
org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import
org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import
org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import
org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import
org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import
org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import
org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import
org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import
org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import
org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import
org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import
org.springframework.web.client.DefaultResponseErrorHandler;
import
org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import
lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
*
* 功能描述:
*
* @作者 jimw 創建時間: 2018-04
*
*/
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public
class
RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
public
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
RestTemplate restTemplate =
new
RestTemplate();
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(clientHttpRequestFactory());
restTemplate.setErrorHandler(
new
DefaultResponseErrorHandler());
return
restTemplate;
}
@Bean
public
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() {
try
{
HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
SSLContext sslContext =
new
SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(
null
,
new
TrustStrategy() {
public
boolean
isTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)
throws
CertificateException {
return
true
;
}
}).build();
httpClientBuilder.setSSLContext(sslContext);
HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE;
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory =
new
SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
hostnameVerifier);
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register(
"http"
, PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
.register(
"https"
, sslConnectionSocketFactory).build();
// 注冊http和https請求
// 開始設置連接池
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager =
new
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(
socketFactoryRegistry);
poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(
2700
);
// 最大連接數2700
poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(
100
);
// 同路由並發數100
httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager);
httpClientBuilder.setRetryHandler(
new
DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(
3
,
true
));
// 重試次數
HttpClient httpClient = httpClientBuilder.build();
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory =
new
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(
httpClient);
// httpClient連接配置
clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(
20000
);
// 連接超時
clientHttpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(
30000
);
// 數據讀取超時時間
clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(
20000
);
// 連接不夠用的等待時間
return
clientHttpRequestFactory;
}
catch
(KeyManagementException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyStoreException e) {
log.error(
"初始化HTTP連接池出錯"
, e);
}
return
null
;
}
}
|
在對應的插件中配置即可
依賴包:
1 <dependency> 2 3 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> 4 5 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> 6 7 <version>4.5.3</version> 8 9 </dependency> 10 11 <dependency> 12 13 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> 14 15 <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId> 16 17 <version>4.4.9</version> 18 19 </dependency>