Docker 鏡像及容器命令

十年河東，十年河西，莫欺少年窮

學無止境，精益求精

授人以魚不如授人以漁，先列出官方命令文檔

docker命令文檔地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/images/

鏡像相關指令

鏡像是容器的模板，這句話是考點，記住啦

docker 鏡像基本命令大致分為，查看鏡像，搜索鏡像，下載鏡像、刪除鏡像

1、查看鏡像

查看鏡像命令/

docker images

查看鏡像幫助命令

docker images --help

列出所有鏡像

docker images -a

列出鏡像ID

docker images -q

列出所有鏡像ID

docker images -aq

2、搜索鏡像

docker search mysql

 搜索鏡像后，會根據搜索到的鏡像名稱，描述，星數量等信息展示

docker search --help  --查看幫助

根據條件搜索鏡像【搜索星星在3000顆以上的MqSQL】

docker search mysql  --filter=stars=3000 

3、下載鏡像 docker pull

下載MySQL鏡像，沒有指定版本號的情況下，會下載最新的MqSQL版本

docker pull mysql

下載指定版本的Mysql鏡像

 docker pull mysql:5.7

4、刪除鏡像 docker rmi -f 

刪除指定ID的鏡像

docker rmi -f c20987f18b13

刪除指定查詢范圍的鏡像

 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

5、commit  制作本地鏡像

docker commit jackcentos jacktomcat:20201011

上述指令會刪除所有鏡像，他的條件是  docker images -aq

我的練習指令如下：

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --help

Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -q
feb5d9fea6a5
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -aq
feb5d9fea6a5
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                            MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12325     [OK]       
mariadb                          MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4739      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server               Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   915                  [OK]
percona                          Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   572       [OK]       
phpmyadmin                       phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   487       [OK]       
mysql/mysql-cluster              Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   93                   
centos/mysql-57-centos7          MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   92                   
bitnami/mysql                    Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      67                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup            Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         58                   
ubuntu/mysql                     MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   28                   
circleci/mysql                   MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   25                   
mysql/mysql-router               MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   23                   
centos/mysql-56-centos7          MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   22                   
google/mysql                     MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          21                   [OK]
vmware/harbor-db                 Mysql container for Harbor                      10                   
mysqlboy/docker-mydumper         docker-mydumper containerizes MySQL logical …   3                    
mysqlboy/mydumper                mydumper for mysql logcial backups              3                    
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                          2                    
ibmcom/mysql-s390x               Docker image for mysql-s390x                    1                    
mysql/mysql-operator             MySQL Operator for Kubernetes                   0                    
mysqlboy/elasticsearch                                                           0                    
mysqleatmydata/mysql-eatmydata                                                   0                    
ibmcom/tidb-ppc64le              TiDB is a distributed NewSQL database compat…   0                    
mirantis/mysql                                                                   0                    
cimg/mysql                                                                       0                    
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --help

Usage:  docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

Search the Docker Hub for images

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=3000 mysql
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12325     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4739      [OK]       
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql  --filter=stars=3000 
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12325     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4739      [OK]       
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull --help

Usage:  docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]

Pull an image or a repository from a registry

Options:
  -a, --all-tags                Download all tagged images in the repository
      --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
      --platform string         Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
  -q, --quiet                   Suppress verbose output
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   3 months ago   448MB
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   3 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi --help

Usage:  docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Remove one or more images

Options:
  -f, --force      Force removal of the image
      --no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f c20987f18b13
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989
Deleted: sha256:0910f12649d514b471f1583a16f672ab67e3d29d9833a15dc2df50dd5536e40f
Deleted: sha256:6682af2fb40555c448b84711c7302d0f86fc716bbe9c7dc7dbd739ef9d757150
Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   3 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
Deleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5
Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224d
Deleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9
Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3
Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ff
Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:bfea6278a0a267fad2634554f4f0c6f31981eea41c553fdf5a83e95a41d40c38
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
[root@localhost ~]# 

 容器命令

在容器命令之前，先說個考點，有了鏡像，我們就可以創建容器了

首先我們先下載個centos 鏡像

docker pull centos

1、新建一個名字為：mycentos 的容器並運行它

docker run -it --name=mycentos centos:latest /bin/bash              -i 運行容器-t 容器啟動后進入該容器執行命令，加入這兩個參數，容器創建就能登錄進去-name 為創建的容器命名

-v 表示目錄的映射關系 本地目錄和docker容器目錄映射起來 前面宿主機目錄，后者是容器的目錄，可以使用多個-v 注意：最好做目錄映射，在宿主機上面修改文件，然后共享到容器中

-d 在run后面加上-d參數，則會創建一個守護進程在后台運行（這樣創建后不會自動登錄容器，如果只加-it聚會在創建容器后進入容器）

-p 標識端口映射，前者宿主機端口，后者是容器的映射端口，可以使用多個-p做多個端口映射

-P 隨機分配端口

–dns 8.8.8.8 指定容器使用的DNS，默認和宿主機一樣

–dns-search example.com 指定容器的DNS搜索的域名，默認和宿主機一致

-h “host——001” 指定容器的hostname

-e username=‘cat’ 設置環境變量

–env-file=[] 從指定文件讀入環境變量

–cpuset=“0-2” or --cpuset=“0,1,2” 綁定容器到指定CPU運行

-m 設置容器使用內存大小

–net=“bridge” 指定容器的網絡連接類型，支持：bridge/host/none/container四種類型

–link=[] 添加連接到另一個容器

2、退出容器且容器停止運行

exit

如果要退出容器但不想讓容器停止運行，可以使用快捷鍵，ctrl+p+q 

使用快捷鍵后，我們可以看到我們的容器還是在運行的，如下,docker ps

3、查看當前運行的容器

docker ps 

4、查看容器

docker ps -l   --查看最近一次運行的容器
docker ps -a  --查看全部容器

 5、查看已經關閉的容器

docker ps -f status=exited

 6、停止運行的容器

docker stop 容器ID 平滑關閉
docker kill 容器ID 強制關閉

7、重啟容器restart  暫停容器 pause

docker restart 容器名稱OR容器ID

暫停正在運行的容器【暫停后狀態：Paused】

docker pause 容器ID

docker pause 757958a37535

【暫停后狀態：Paused】：

[root@localhost maomao]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
e0297fd9cae3   centos    "/bin/bash"   14 minutes ago   Exited (0) 14 minutes ago             relaxed_bhaskara
757958a37535   centos    "/bin/bash"   27 minutes ago   Up 19 seconds (Paused)   

8、查看容器內運行的進程

docker top 容器名 or 容器ID

9、查看容器日志

• -t 顯示時間
• -f 追加查看
• –tail 看最后幾條 n是幾條

docker logs -t -f  容器ID（or 容器名稱）
docker logs -f -t db950b0be73a

docker logs -t -f --tail n 容器ID（or 容器名稱）n是顯示幾條

10、刪除容器

docker rm 容器名稱 OR 容器ID    容器必須要關閉
docker rm -f 容器名稱 OR 容器ID 強制刪除容器（運行和未運行的）

11、刪除全部正在運行的容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -q)  -q 是運行容器的容器ID

12、啟動一個已存在的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name=centostest  centos tail -f /dev/null
---https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/13941215.html
--https://www.jianshu.com/p/f1e7a1630c64

root@localhost ~]# docker stop ab88724c9272
 docker start ab88724c9272

----

docker restart 68d317dead70  【正在運行的容器可通過restart 進行重啟】

開啟所有容器【啟動所有狀態為 exited的容器】

docker start $(docker ps -aq -f status=exited)

啟動所有容器

docker start $(docker ps -aq) 

13、查看容器執行期間的日志

        基礎語法，docker logs 容器ID

docker logs ab88724c9272

 查看指定條數的容器日志【兩條語法一致】

docker logs -f -t --tail 10 ab88724c9272
docker logs -tf --tail 10 ab88724c9272

14、進入一個正在運行的容器，attach  和 exec 均可進入一個容器，但exec 進入容器后，使用exit 退出后，容器還會繼續運行。

docker attach 容器ID

docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash

15、查看容器占用的進程信息

docker top 容器ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker top ab88724c9272
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3356                3333                0                   17:47               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

16、將docker 容器內文件拷貝到linux服務器上

docker cp 容器ID:容器內文件路徑 linux系統路徑

如

docker cp 757958a37535:/home/maomao/maomao.txt /root/maomao

18、查看docker各容器占用的CPU情況

docker stats

17、查看容器的元數據

docker inspect ab88724c9272   --查看容器的元數據

@天才卧龍的波爾克