環境采樣：
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
通過lspci | grep -i ethernet看一下網卡驅動
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# lspci | grep -i ethernet 0a:00.0 Ethernet controller: VMware VMXNET3 Ethernet Controller (rev 01) 14:00.0 Ethernet controller: VMware VMXNET3 Ethernet Controller (rev 01)
//網卡類型VMXNET3
//獲取網卡信息
[root@k3master network-scripts]# ethtool ens192 Settings for ens192: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: Not reported Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: off MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: uag Wake-on: d Link detected: yes
獲取網卡的一些信息
[root@k3master network-scripts]# ethtool -i ens192 driver: vmxnet3 version: 1.3.5.0-k-NAPI firmware-version: bus-info: 0000:0b:00.0 supports-statistics: yes supports-test: no supports-eeprom-access: no supports-register-dump: yes supports-priv-flags: no
[root@k3master network-scripts]# ethtool -a ens192 Pause parameters for ens192: Cannot get device pause settings: Operation not supported
-a 查看網卡中 接收模塊RX、發送模塊TX和Autonegotiate模塊的狀態：啟動on 或 停用off。
-A 修改網卡中 接收模塊RX、發送模塊TX和Autonegotiate模塊的狀態：啟動on 或 停用off。
-c display the Coalesce information of the specified ethernet card。
-C Change the Coalesce setting of the specified ethernet card。
-g Display the rx/tx ring parameter information of the specified ethernet card。
-G change the rx/tx ring setting of the specified ethernet card。
-i 顯示網卡驅動的信息，如驅動的名稱、版本等。
-d 顯示register dump信息, 部分網卡驅動不支持該選項。
-e 顯示EEPROM dump信息，部分網卡驅動不支持該選項。
-E 修改網卡EEPROM byte。
-k 顯示網卡Offload參數的狀態：on 或 off，包括rx-checksumming、tx-checksumming等。
-K 修改網卡Offload參數的狀態。
-p 用於區別不同ethX對應網卡的物理位置，常用的方法是使網卡port上的led不斷的閃；N指示了網卡閃的持續時間，以秒為單位。
-r 如果auto-negotiation模塊的狀態為on，則restarts auto-negotiation。
-S 顯示NIC- and driver-specific 的統計參數，如網卡接收/發送的字節數、接收/發送的廣播包個數等。
-t 讓網卡執行自我檢測，有兩種模式：offline or online。
-s 修改網卡的部分配置，包括網卡速度、單工/全雙工模式、mac地址等。
systemctl 管理systemctl start servicename 啟動服務 systemctl stop servicename 關閉服務 systemctl restart servicename 重啟服務 systemctl reload servicename 重新加載配置文件 systemctl status servicename 查看服務狀態 systemctl mask servicename 凍結服務 systemctl unmask servicename 啟用服務 systemctl -a 列出所有服務的狀態 systemctl list-units 列出當前系統服務狀態 systemctl list-unit-files 列出服務的狀態 systemctl list-dependencies servicename 列出服務的依賴關系 systemctl list-sockets 顯示套接字文件 systemctl list-timers 列出定時器 systemctl cat servicename 查看服務的配置文件 systemctl show-environment 查看環境變量 systemd-analyze time 僅顯示時間 systemd-analyze blame 顯示每個進程消耗時間 systemd-analyze plot 生成網頁 systemctl disabled servicename 開機不自動啟動 systemctl is-enable servicename 服務是否啟用 systemctl list-unit-files --type=service 查看各個級別下服務的啟動與禁用情況
使用了 Systemd（即systemctl），就不需要再用init了。Systemd 取代了initd，成為系統的第一個進程（PID 等於 1），其他進程都是它的子進程。
查看NetworkManager情況(NetworkManager和network一般會沖突)
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl status NetworkManager ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-03-11 20:16:32 CST; 1 weeks 4 days ago Main PID: 1006 (NetworkManager) Memory: 38.9M CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service ├─1006 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon ├─1075 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run/dhclient-ens224.pid -lf /var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-e03db1bc-8ef6-49cf-806... └─1078 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run/dhclient-ens192.pid -lf /var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-bc1027ce-e36c-408b-8d2... Mar 23 10:08:05 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001285.399529] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens224): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:05 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001285.399575] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens192): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:09 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001289.399594] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens224): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:09 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001289.399649] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens192): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:13 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001293.401759] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens224): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:13 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001293.401822] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens192): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:17 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001297.399569] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens224): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:17 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001297.399611] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens192): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:21 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001301.398752] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens224): cannot send router solicitation: -101. Mar 23 10:08:21 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[1006]: <error> [1648001301.398798] [rdisc/nm-lndp-rdisc.c:68] send_rs(): (ens192): cannot send router solicitation: -101.
查看失敗情況
[root@fp-web-110 ~]# systemctl status network.service ● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2022-03-22 10:58:12 CST; 23h ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 65478 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 network[65478]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 network[65478]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 network[65478]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 network[65478]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 network[65478]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 network[65478]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 systemd[1]: network.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking. Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 systemd[1]: Unit network.service entered failed state. Mar 22 10:58:12 fp-web-110 systemd[1]: network.service failed.
查看網卡情況
[root@fp-web-110 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-eno16777728 ifdown-eth ifdown-isdn ifdown-sit ifup ifup-ib ifup-plip ifup-routes ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6 ifcfg-lo ifdown-ib ifdown-post ifdown-Team ifup-aliases ifup-ippp ifup-plusb ifup-sit ifup-wireless ifdown ifdown-ippp ifdown-ppp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-bnep ifup-ipv6 ifup-post ifup-Team init.ipv6-global ifdown-bnep ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-routes ifdown-tunnel ifup-eth ifup-isdn ifup-ppp ifup-TeamPort network-functions
//ifcfg-eno16777728這個網卡不存在
刪除網卡配置文件
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# rm -rf ifcfg-eno16777728
重啟網絡
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network.service
查看網絡狀態
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl status network.service ● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since Wed 2022-03-23 10:03:23 CST; 4s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 53709 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Mar 23 10:03:23 fp-web-110 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Bring up/down networking.
繼續解決
network[53709]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
關閉NetworkManager
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# service NetworkManager off The service command supports only basic LSB actions (start, stop, restart, try-restart, reload, force-reload, status). For other actions, please try to use systemctl. [root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl stop NetworkManager
重啟網絡
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl stop NetworkManager [root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network.service
查看網絡狀態
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl status network.service ● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since Wed 2022-03-23 10:12:45 CST; 4s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 54840 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 54951 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Mar 23 10:12:45 fp-web-110 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking... Mar 23 10:12:45 fp-web-110 network[54951]: Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] //正在啟動回環接口ok Mar 23 10:12:45 fp-web-110 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Bring up/down networking. //使網絡啟用
//網絡啟動中並沒有網卡信息． ens192等.
bring up 的英文解釋
bring up作為計算機專業術語的解釋如下：cause to load(an operating system) and start the initial processes。
因此它的意思是“使......啟動、調試、喚醒、讓......跑起來”。
注意一下如果你想使用nutui來生成網卡配置文件，需要啟動NetworkManager,生成之后建議馬上關閉，否則你在重啟網絡的時候可能會死機．
因為nutui需要NetworkManager的支持.
重新啟用NetworkManager
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl start NetworkManager [root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl status NetworkManager.service ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-03-23 10:40:46 CST; 16s ago Main PID: 58557 (NetworkManager) Memory: 38.5M CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service ├─ 1075 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run/dhclient-ens224.pid -lf /var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-e03db1bc-8ef6-49cf-80... ├─ 1078 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run/dhclient-ens192.pid -lf /var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-bc1027ce-e36c-408b-8d... └─58557 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (tunl0): device state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none') [90 100 0] Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (tunl0): Activation: successful, device activated. Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (ens192): device state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none') [90 100 0] Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (ens192): Activation: successful, device activated. Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (docker0): device state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none') [90 100 0] Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (docker0): Activation: successful, device activated. Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (ens224): device state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none') [90 100 0] Mar 23 10:40:46 fp-web-110 NetworkManager[58557]: <info> (ens224): Activation: successful, device activated.
看一下nm相關命令
nm nmcli nm-online nmtui nmtui-connect nmtui-edit nmtui-hostname
查看ip mac
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 02:12:1e:03:21:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.121.79.42/24 brd 10.129.79.255 scope global ens192 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: ens224: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 03:f2:3c:11:1f:e3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.121.80.42/24 brd 10.129.80.255 scope global ens224 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/ether 06:12:3e:12:12:y3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: tunl0@NONE: <NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1440 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ipip 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0 inet 10.251.27.128/32 brd 10.254.27.128 scope global tunl0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
繼續生成網卡配置文件利用nmtui
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl start NetworkManager
查看網卡配置文件
[root@k3master network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-ens192 ifdown-bnep ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-routes ifdown-tunnel ifup-eth ifup-isdn ifup-ppp ifup-TeamPort network-functions ifcfg-ens224 ifdown-eth ifdown-isdn ifdown-sit ifup ifup-ib ifup-plip ifup-routes ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6 ifcfg-lo ifdown-ib ifdown-post ifdown-Team ifup-aliases ifup-ippp ifup-plusb ifup-sit ifup-wireless ifdown ifdown-ippp ifdown-ppp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-bnep ifup-ipv6 ifup-post ifup-Team init.ipv6-global
停止NetworkManager
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl stop NetworkManager //這里不要重啟網絡，直接reboot，否則會死機（特別要注意這里） [root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network.service
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# reboot
重啟之后出現這樣情況
[root@fp-web-110~]# systemctl status network.service ● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since Wed 2022-03-23 10:28:03 CST; 3min 15s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 2364 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 2653 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Mar 23 10:28:03 localhost.localdomain network[2653]: Bringing up loopback interface: Could not load file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' Mar 23 10:28:03 localhost.localdomain network[2653]: Could not load file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' Mar 23 10:28:03 localhost.localdomain network[2653]: Could not load file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' Mar 23 10:28:03 localhost.localdomain network[2653]: Could not load file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' Mar 23 10:28:03 localhost.localdomain network[2653]: [ OK ] Mar 23 10:28:03 k3master network[2653]: Bringing up interface ens192: Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkMana...nection/2) Mar 23 10:28:03 k3master network[2653]: [ OK ] Mar 23 10:28:03 k3master network[2653]: Bringing up interface ens224: Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkMana...nection/3) Mar 23 10:28:03 k3master network[2653]: [ OK ] Mar 23 10:28:03 k3master systemd[1]: Started LSB: Bring up/down networking. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
繼續修復，修改
編輯/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo文件，在末尾添加"NM_CONTROLLED=no"參數
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-lo DEVICE=lo IPADDR= 127.0.0.1 NETMASK=255.0.0.0 NETWORK=127.0.0.0 # If you're having problems with gated making 127.0.0.0/8 a martian, # you can change this to something else (255.255.255.255, for example) BROADCAST=127.255.255.255 ONBOOT=yes NAME=loopback NM_CONTROLLED=no //新增
查看網絡狀態
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl stop NetworkManager
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network.service
[root@fp-web-110 network-scripts]# systemctl status network.service
● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since Wed 2022-03-23 10:40:20 CST; 6s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 3254 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 3490 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Mar 23 10:40:15 k3master systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking... Mar 23 10:40:15 k3master network[3490]: Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Mar 23 10:40:18 k3master network[3490]: Bringing up interface ens192: [ OK ] Mar 23 10:40:20 k3master network[3490]: Bringing up interface ens224: [ OK ] Mar 23 10:40:20 k3master systemd[1]: Started LSB: Bring up/down networking.
最后關閉NetworkManager開機啟動
[root@k2master network-scripts]# systemctl disable NetworkManager Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
小結錯誤信息會包括
１，網卡配置文件不存在 存在多余網卡信息，需要先刪除 ２，Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking ３，network[65478]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists ４，Could not load file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' 操作不當可能造成死機，所以要注意