Oracle有3種用戶: system、sys、scott
1、system和sys的差別在與是否能創建數據庫
2、sys用戶登錄創建數據庫，
3、scott是給剛開始學習的人學習的用戶。學習者能夠用Scott登錄系統，注意scott用戶登錄后，就能夠使用Oracle提供的數據庫和數據表，這些都是oracle提供的。
sqlplus
//這種方式，直接提示輸入用戶名和密碼
[oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 20:28:02 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name:
sqlplus /nolog
//這種方式，不會提示用戶名和密碼，但是並沒有登錄任何oracle [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID htstandby2 [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 20:30:39 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. //這個時候，你輸入sql，提示未連接 SQL> select value from v$parameter where name='instance_name'; SP2-0640: Not connected //要進行連接，登錄 SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> select value from v$parameter where name='instance_name'; VALUE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- htstandby2
一、sqlplus /nolog登錄方式
//為防止看到密碼，直接用這種方式 [oracle@shdb02 expdir]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 19:01:17 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL>
演示1：sqlplus /nolog (conn ./as sysdba)
oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 20:39:42 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn ./as sysdba
Enter password: Connected. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options //我們history一下 1041 conn ./as sysdba 1042 sqlplus 1043 sqlplus /nolog 1044 sqlplus 1045 history //並沒有看到密碼
演示2：sqlplus /nolog (conn /as sysdba)
//conn /as sysdba操作系統認證登錄
oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 20:39:42 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected.
演示3: sqlplus /nolog(conn username/passwd)
//一般是啟動sqlplus但不進行連接操作,nolog 選項會啟動sqlplus, 但不連接數據庫,但是也可以連接 [oracle@shdb02 expdir]$ echo $ORACLE_SID fpmai2 [oracle@shfpdb02 expdir]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 19:07:29 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. //進入sqlplus 輸入用戶名和密碼 SQL> conn sh/Shdb12 Connected. SQL> select value from v$parameter where name='instance_name'; VALUE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fp2 [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
二、sqlplus登錄方式
//直接啟動sqlplus，進入sqlplus命令行,提示進入哪個用戶 [oracle@shdb02 expdir]$ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 19:02:39 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name: shfp Enter password: Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL>
三、sqlplus / as sysdba 登錄方式
//這種方式是直接登錄了實例，當然也可以連接其他用戶
演示1
[oracle@shdb02 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID fpmai2 [oracle@shfpdb02 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 19:17:46 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options //查看當前的實例 SQL> select value from v$parameter where name='instance_name'; VALUE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fp2 //查詢當前的用戶 SQL> select user from dual; USER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS //如果你想連其他用戶,設置錯誤 SQL> conn shp/sr ERROR: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist Error accessing PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE Warning: Product user profile information not loaded! You may need to run PUPBLD.SQL as SYSTEM //下面是具體的操作過程，出現錯誤----- 1、實例和用戶不匹配的 [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID ht [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog //(進入sqlplus環境，不登錄) SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 21:24:54 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn shp/Shdbrrrr //shp用戶為fp實例的用戶，並不是ht的，所以出現錯誤 ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied SQL> exit
//進入fp實例 [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=fp [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 21:25:23 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn shp/sr Connected.
//查看當前登錄用戶
SQL> select user from dual;
USER
------------------------------
SH
//查看該用戶所屬的表空間
SQL> select * from dba_tablespaces;
演示2：
//如果你想查表空間，需要登錄某個用戶,而不是SYS用戶 [oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 21:33:18 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> select * from dba_tablespaces; SP2-0640: Not connected
手工建庫之后登錄
oracle@prd:/home/oracle$export ORACLE_SID=fp oracle@prd:/home/oracle$echo $ORACLE_SID fp oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 21:04:35 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> select value from v$parameter where name='instance_name'; SP2-0640: Not connected SQL> conn sh/sh12 ERROR: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist Error accessing PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE Warning: Product user profile information not loaded! You may need to run PUPBLD.SQL as SYSTEM Connected.
//出現上面的提示，這種提示會導致很多其他操作也會失敗.下面有解決方式
//解決辦法
需要使用system用戶登陸並執行 pupbld.sql腳本,每個安裝不同，所以這個腳本位置不同
oracle@prd:/home/oracle$locate pupbld.sql
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 21:17:12 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba //超級管理員身份登錄
Connected.
//修改system的密碼，這個當中,system密碼已找不到,需要重新修改密碼
SQL> alter user system identified by abci12;
User altered.
SQL> conn system/abc12
Connected.
//執行pupbld.sql
SQL> @/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
DROP SYNONYM PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01434: private synonym to be dropped does not exist
DATE_VALUE FROM PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00980: synonym translation is no longer valid
DROP TABLE PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
ALTER TABLE SQLPLUS_PRODUCT_PROFILE ADD (LONG_VALUE LONG)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
Table created.
DROP TABLE PRODUCT_PROFILE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
DROP VIEW PRODUCT_PRIVS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym dropped.
Synonym created.
DROP SYNONYM PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01434: private synonym to be dropped does not exist
Synonym created.
Synonym dropped.
Synonym created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
oracle@prod:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 21:25:15 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
//連接成功
SQL> conn sh/sh12
Connected.
###################登錄系統賬戶############################################################################################################
as sysdba 就是以sysdba登錄，oracle登錄身份有三種：
1、normal 普通身份； 2、sysdba 系統管理員身份； 啟動和關閉操作 更改數據庫狀態為打開/裝載/備份，更改字符集 創建數據庫 創建服務器參數文件spfile 日志歸檔和恢復 包含了“會話權限”權限 3、sysoper 系統操作員身份。 啟動和關閉操作 更改數據庫狀態為打開/裝載/備份 創建服務器參數文件SPFILE 日志歸檔和恢復 包含了“會話權限”權限 數據庫用sysdba登錄的驗證有兩種方式， 一種是通過OS認證， 一種是通過密碼文件驗證；登錄方式有兩種， 一種是在數據庫主機直接登錄（用os認證的方式）。
演示 sys 登錄方式
[oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat Mar 19 21:53:42 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name: sys as sysdba Enter password:********** /**** 還可以這樣 sqlplus sys as sysdba Enter user-name：sys Enter password：password as sysdba --以sys用戶登陸的話 必須要加上 as sysdba 子句 **/
演示 sqlplus + sys as sysdba 方式登錄,直接輸入密碼
[oracle@shdb02 ~]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 19:43:30 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter password: ****** Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> SQL> select user from dual; //查看當前用戶 USER ------------------------------ SYS
進入51.10的sys 用戶下
演示1：
//當前實例fp oracle@prd:/home/oracle$echo $ORACLE_SID fpmai oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus sys as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 19:12:16 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter password: Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select user from dual; USER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS SQL>set pagesize 0 SQL>set line 8888 SQL>select * from dba_tablespaces;
演示2：
//我們在換一個實例prd看下
oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus sys as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 19:12:16 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter password: Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select user from dual; USER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS //顯示的是這個實例的內容 SQL> select * from dba_tablespaces; //查看當前用戶 SQL> show user; USER is "SYS" //查看當前數據庫實例 SQL> show parameter instance_name; instance_name string prd
四、演示默認學習用戶scott,默認密碼是tiger
oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog SQL> conn scott/tiger ERROR: ORA-28000: the account is locked SQL> exit oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 21 20:28:21 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn / as sysdba //用超級管理賬戶登錄 Connected. SQL> alter user scott account unlock; //解鎖 User altered. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options //重新登錄sqlplus軟件，/nolog表示沒有任何用戶登錄 oracle@prd:/home/oracle$sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 21 20:28:53 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn scott/tiger //提示密碼已過期，重新設置 ERROR: ORA-28001: the password has expired Changing password for scott New password: Retype new password: Password changed Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL>alter user scott identified by tiger;
User altered.