VirtualBox Ubuntu20.04 使用雙網卡實現 ssh連接 和 外網訪問

一、前言

1.1 配置雙網卡的目的

• 虛擬機可以訪問外網
• 虛擬機和虛擬機之間可以互相訪問

二、配置

2.1 virtualBox主機網卡設置

管理 -> 主機網絡管理器

2.2 虛擬機開啟兩個網卡

設置 -> 網絡

2.3 查看網絡狀態

rockfane@ubuntu:~$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:e5:a3:29 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.100/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
       valid_lft 557sec preferred_lft 557sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fee5:a329/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:82:5d:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

只有一張網卡在工作

2.4 網絡配置

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 之后的版本都改用 Netplan 來管理網絡配置

Netplan默認配置文件在/etc/netplan目錄下

2.4.1 查看目錄下的yaml配置文件

rockfane@ubuntu:~$ ls /etc/netplan/*.yaml
/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

2.4.2 使用vim修改配置文件

rockfane@ubuntu:~$ sudo vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
[sudo] password for rockfane:

2.4.3 編輯配置文件

僅主機網卡只配置靜態ip保證與物理機互聯

NAT網卡直接從DHCP服務器獲取地址

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [192.168.10.2/24]
    enp0s8:
      dhcp4: yes
  version: 2

2.4.4 重啟網絡

rockfane@ubuntu:~$ sudo netplan apply
[sudo] password for rockfane:

2.5 再次查看網絡狀態

rockfane@ubuntu:~$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:e5:a3:29 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.2/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global enp0s3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fee5:a329/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:82:5d:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8
       valid_lft 82987sec preferred_lft 82987sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe82:5d3e/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

兩張網卡都在工作

三、驗證

3.1 測試虛擬機和物理機通信

物理機ip: 192.168.1.84

rockfane@ubuntu:~$ ping 192.168.1.84
PING 192.168.1.84 (192.168.1.84) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.84: icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=1.58 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.84: icmp_seq=2 ttl=127 time=0.748 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.84: icmp_seq=3 ttl=127 time=0.759 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.84: icmp_seq=4 ttl=127 time=0.699 ms

3.2 測試虛擬機外網連接

rockfane@ubuntu:~$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.39) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=6.97 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=8.51 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=6.31 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=6.56 ms

3.3 測試物理機ssh連接虛擬機

虛擬機ip: 192.168.10.2

PS C:\Users\RockFane> ssh rockfane@192.168.10.2
rockfane@192.168.10.2's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-100-generic x86_64)