https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011084828
介紹
官網文檔:http://apscheduler.readthedoc...
API:http://apscheduler.readthedoc...
APScheduler
是一個python的第三方庫,用來提供python的后台程序。包含四個組件,分別是:
-
triggers: 任務觸發器組件,提供任務觸發方式
-
job stores: 任務商店組件,提供任務保存方式
-
executors: 任務調度組件,提供任務調度方式
-
schedulers: 任務調度組件,提供任務工作方式
安裝
pip 安裝
$ pip install apscheduler
源碼安裝
$ python setup.py install
簡單的實例
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
import time
# 實例化一個調度器 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() def job1(): print "%s: 執行任務" % time.asctime() # 添加任務並設置觸發方式為3s一次 scheduler.add_job(job1, 'interval', seconds=3) # 開始運行調度器 scheduler.start()
輸出:
$ python first.py Fri Sep 8 20:41:55 2017: 執行任務 Fri Sep 8 20:41:58 2017: 執行任務 ...
各組件功能
trigger組件
trigger
提供任務的觸發方式,共三種方式:
-
date:只在某個時間點執行一次
run_date(datetime|str)
scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=date(2017, 9, 8), args=[]) scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=datetime(2017, 9, 8, 21, 30, 5), args=[]) scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date='2017-9-08 21:30:05', args=[]) # The 'date' trigger and datetime.now() as run_date are implicit sched.add_job(my_job, args=[[])
-
interval: 每隔一段時間執行一次
weeks=0 | days=0 | hours=0 | minutes=0 | seconds=0, start_date=None, end_date=None, timezone=None
scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'interval', hours=2) scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'interval', hours=2, start_date='2017-9-8 21:30:00', end_date='2018-06-15 21:30:00) @scheduler.scheduled_job('interval', id='my_job_id', hours=2) def my_job(): print("Hello World")
-
cron: 使用同linux下crontab的方式
(year=None, month=None, day=None, week=None, day_of_week=None, hour=None, minute=None, second=None, start_date=None, end_date=None, timezone=None)
sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', hour=3, minute=30) sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', day_of_week='mon-fri', hour=5, minute=30, end_date='2017-10-30') @sched.scheduled_job('cron', id='my_job_id', day='last sun') def some_decorated_task(): print("I am printed at 00:00:00 on the last Sunday of every month!")
scheduler組件
scheduler
組件提供執行的方式,在不同的運用環境中選擇合適的方式
-
BlockingScheduler: 進程中只運行調度器時的方式
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler import time scheduler = BlockingScheduler() def job1(): print "%s: 執行任務" % time.asctime() scheduler.add_job(job1, 'interval', seconds=3) scheduler.start()
-
BackgroundScheduler: 不想使用任何框架時的方式
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler import time scheduler = BackgroundScheduler() def job1(): print "%s: 執行任務" % time.asctime() scheduler.add_job(job1, 'interval', seconds=3) scheduler.start() while True: pass
-
AsyncIOScheduler: asyncio module的方式(Python3)
from apscheduler.schedulers.asyncio import AsyncIOScheduler try: import asyncio except ImportError: import trollius as asyncio ... ... # while True:pass try: asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): pass
-
GeventScheduler: gevent方式
from apscheduler.schedulers.gevent import GeventScheduler ... ... g = scheduler.start() # while True:pass try: g.join() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): pass
-
TornadoScheduler: Tornado方式
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop from apscheduler.schedulers.tornado import TornadoScheduler ... ... # while True:pass try: IOLoop.instance().start() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): pass
-
TwistedScheduler: Twisted方式
from twisted.internet import reactor from apscheduler.schedulers.twisted import TwistedScheduler ... ... # while True:pass try: reactor.run() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): pass
-
QtScheduler: Qt方式
executors組件
executors
組件提供任務的調度方式
-
base
-
debug
-
gevent
-
pool
(max_workers=10)
-
twisted
jobstore組件
jobstore
提供任務的各種持久化方式
-
base
-
memory
-
mongodb
scheduler.add_jobstore('mongodb', collection='example_jobs')
-
redis
scheduler.add_jobstore('redis', jobs_key='example.jobs', run_times_key='example.run_times')
-
rethinkdb
scheduler.add_jobstore('rethinkdb', database='apscheduler_example')
-
sqlalchemy
scheduler.add_jobstore('sqlalchemy', url=url)
-
zookeeper
scheduler.add_jobstore('zookeeper', path='/example_jobs')
任務操作
添加任務add_job
(如上)
如果使用了任務的存儲,開啟時最好添加
replace_existing=True
,否則每次開啟都會創建任務的副本
開啟后任務不會馬上啟動,可修改trigger參數
刪除任務remove_job
# 根據任務實例刪除
job = scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2) job.remove() # 根據任務id刪除 scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2, id='my_job_id') scheduler.remove_job('my_job_id')
任務的暫停pause_job
和繼續resume_job
job = scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2) # 根據任務實例 job.pause() job.resume() # 根據任務id暫停 scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2, id='my_job_id') scheduler.pause_job('my_job_id') scheduler.resume_job('my_job_id')
任務的修飾modify
和重設reschedule_job
修飾:job.modify(max_instances=6, name='Alternate name')
重設:scheduler.reschedule_job('my_job_id', trigger='cron', minute='*/5')
調度器操作
-
開啟
scheduler.start()
-
關閉
scheduler.shotdown(wait=True | False)
-
暫停
scheduler.pause()
-
繼續
scheduler.resume()
def my_listener(event):
if event.exception: print('The job crashed :(') else: print('The job worked :)') scheduler.add_listener(my_listener, EVENT_JOB_EXECUTED | EVENT_JOB_ERROR)
官方實例
from pytz import utc
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler from apscheduler.jobstores.mongodb import MongoDBJobStore from apscheduler.jobstores.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemyJobStore from apscheduler.executors.pool import ThreadPoolExecutor, ProcessPoolExecutor jobstores = { 'mongo': MongoDBJobStore(), 'default': SQLAlchemyJobStore(url='sqlite:///jobs.sqlite') } executors = { 'default': ThreadPoolExecutor(20), 'processpool': ProcessPoolExecutor(5) } job_defaults = { 'coalesce': False, 'max_instances': 3 } scheduler = BackgroundScheduler(jobstores=jobstores, executors=executors, job_defaults=job_defaul