maven生命周期分為三套，分別是clean、default和site,每個生命周期相互獨立，互不影響。每個生命周期包含一些階段（phase）
- clean生命周期主要是用來清理項目
- default生命周期主要是構建項目
- site生命周期主要是建立項目站點
clean生命周期包含phase如下：
- pre-clean執行一些清理前需要完成的工作。
- clean清理上一次構建生成的文件。
- post-clean執行一些清理后需要完成的工作。
default生命周期包含phase如下：
- validate
- initialize
- generate-sources
- process-sources 處理資源文件，對變量進行替換工作
- generate-resources
- process-resources 復制resource文件到輸出目錄
- compile 編譯java文件並復制到輸出目錄
- process-classes
- generate-test-sources
- process-test-sources 處理測試資源文件，對變量進行替換工作
- generate-test-resources
- process-test-resources 復制測試resource文件到輸出目錄
- test-compile 編譯測試java文件並復制到輸出目錄
- process-test-classes
- test 執行測試用例
- prepare-package
- package 項目打包，比如Jar包等
- pre-integration-test
- integration-test
- post-integration-test
- verify 打包之后，install到本地倉庫之前階段，比如maven-source-plugin的goal:jar-no-fork就是綁定在這個階段
- install 將包安裝到本地倉庫
- deploy 將包復制到遠程倉庫。
site生命周期包含phase如下：
- pre-site
- site
- post-site
- site-deploy
maven的核心僅僅定義了生命周期，具體的任務是交由插件來完成的，比如執行mvn clean的時候，實際上就是下載插件maven-clean-plugin，如果項目里聲明了插件版本，就用項目里的插件版本，否則用超級pom里的插件版本。
每個插件執行任務都是要跟生命周期綁定的，mvn clean實際上是綁定了clean生命周期的clean階段，跟階段綁定都是由插件的目標(goal)來完成的，mvn clean 默認的目標是clean，詳細寫法：mvn clean:clean,具體哪些插件有哪些目標可以參考maven官網有詳細的指南。
還有哪些默認綁定
下面執行一段mvn clean install，可以很清楚的對應。
D:\zhfgit\jcdemo>mvn clean install
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.example:jcdemo >-------------------------
[INFO] Building jcdemo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ jcdemo ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ jcdemo ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ jcdemo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 5 source files to D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\classes
[WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/InheritThreadLocalTest.java:[11,24] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符
[WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[10,20] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符
[WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[10,31] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符
[WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[16,20] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符
[WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/TreadLocalTest.java: 某些輸入文件使用了未經檢查或不安全的操作。
[WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/TreadLocalTest.java: 有關詳細信息, 請使用 -Xlint:unchecked 重新編譯。
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ jcdemo ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ jcdemo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ jcdemo ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.example.jcdemo.DemoTest
this is test_case contextLoads
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.087 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ jcdemo ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ jcdemo ---
[INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\pom.xml to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.220 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-01-13T14:15:15+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
編譯test類以及resource文件，但是不執行test case，mvn clean install -DskipTest=true
D:\zhfgit\jcdemo>mvn clean install -DskipTests=true [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.example:jcdemo >------------------------- [INFO] Building jcdemo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Deleting D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ jcdemo --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 2 resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 5 source files to D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\classes [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/InheritThreadLocalTest.java:[11,24] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[10,20] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[10,31] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[16,20] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/TreadLocalTest.java: 某些輸入文件使用了未經檢查或不安全的操作。 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/TreadLocalTest.java: 有關詳細信息, 請使用 -Xlint:unchecked 重新編譯。 [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ jcdemo --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 1 resource [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Tests are skipped. [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Building jar: D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\pom.xml to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 2.508 s [INFO] Finished at: 2022-01-13T14:20:27+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
不編譯test類又不執行測試用例，mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true
D:\zhfgit\jcdemo>mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.example:jcdemo >------------------------- [INFO] Building jcdemo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Deleting D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ jcdemo --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 2 resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 5 source files to D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\classes [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/InheritThreadLocalTest.java:[11,24] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[10,20] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[10,31] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/Test2.java:[16,20] 編碼GBK的不可映射字符 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/TreadLocalTest.java: 某些輸入文件使用了未經檢查或不安全的操作。 [WARNING] /D:/zhfgit/jcdemo/src/main/java/com/example/jcdemo/TreadLocalTest.java: 有關詳細信息, 請使用 -Xlint:unchecked 重新編譯。 [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Not copying test resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Not compiling test sources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Tests are skipped. [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Building jar: D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\pom.xml to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 2.708 s [INFO] Finished at: 2022-01-13T14:21:31+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
或者在插件的configuration skip標簽為true
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<!-- skip為true,不編譯test類-->
<configuration>
<skip>true</skip>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<!-- skip為true,不執行測試用例-->
<configuration>
<skip>true</skip>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
D:\zhfgit\jcdemo>mvn clean install [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< com.example:jcdemo >------------------------- [INFO] Building jcdemo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Deleting D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ jcdemo --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 2 resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ jcdemo --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 1 resource [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Not compiling test sources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.5:test (default-test) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Tests are skipped. [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Building jar: D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ jcdemo --- [INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\target\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] Installing D:\zhfgit\jcdemo\pom.xml to D:\mvnRepository\aliyunRepo\com\example\jcdemo\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\jcdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 1.570 s [INFO] Finished at: 2022-01-13T14:32:20+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
另外除了內置的默認綁定，還可以自定義綁定，比如maven-source-plugin自定義綁定放在executions，可以綁定很多個階段分別在execution。
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-sources</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>