背景:
本人在一位大佬的Colder框架中看到了這個接口注入,然后呢就想學習一下ioc思想與di設計模式。此寫法給我的感覺就是
非常的 優雅 ,優雅永不過時。關於接口注入的概念和ioc和di具體是什么?可以參考下方的推薦的地址學習。話不多說,開擼。
安裝:
打開nuget管理工具,將我下面標紅色的包都進行安裝(注:千萬別安裝錯了,按照名字不差的安裝)
使用:
我們新建一個DI的文件夾,在文件夾中增加一個接口:IDependency.cs
namespace Coldairarrow { /// <summary> /// 注入標記 /// </summary> public interface IDependency { } }
先不要問問什么后面會解釋。
后面:其實。。就是這個依賴注入的一個原理吧。根據這個接口去找依賴的實現。
推薦去這個地址看一下:https://www.cnblogs.com/atomy/p/12834804.html
好了,繼續分別新建Student.cs,StudentRepository.cs,IStudentRepository.cs三個類。StudentRepository.cs里面的具體業務根據需要自行修改,這里是為了測試使用。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace ByzkApi { public class Student { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Graduation { get; set; } public string School { get; set; } public string Major { get; set; } } }
using Coldairarrow; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace ByzkApi { public class StudentRepository : IStudentRepository,IDependency { public Student Add(Student item) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public bool Delete(int id) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public Student Get(int id) { return new Student() { Name = "張三" }; } public IEnumerable<Student> GetAll() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public bool Update(Student item) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ByzkApi { public interface IStudentRepository { IEnumerable<Student> GetAll(); Student Get(int id); Student Add(Student item); bool Update(Student item); bool Delete(int id); } }
注意:這里好好看一下 StudentRepository 是實現了兩個接口分別是 IStudentRepository IDependency(注入標記)
最關鍵的地方來了,我們打開項目啟動的函數Application_Start,然后注入一下接口依賴。
using Autofac; using Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy; using Autofac.Integration.Mvc; using Autofac.Integration.WebApi; using ByzkApi.Controllers; using ByzkApi.Interface; using Coldairarrow; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Web.Compilation; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; namespace ByzkApi { public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { //初始化Autofac InitAutofac(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register); FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles); } private void InitAutofac(HttpConfiguration config) { var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); var baseType = typeof(IDependency); //可以進行篩選如: Where(x => x.FullName.Contains("Coldairarrow")) var assemblys = BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies().Cast<Assembly>() .ToList(); //自動注入IDependency接口,支持AOP,生命周期為InstancePerDependency builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assemblys.ToArray()) .Where(x => baseType.IsAssignableFrom(x) && x != baseType) .AsImplementedInterfaces() .PropertiesAutowired() .InstancePerDependency() .EnableInterfaceInterceptors() .InterceptedBy(typeof(Interceptor)); //注冊Controller builder.RegisterControllers(assemblys.ToArray()) .PropertiesAutowired(); builder.RegisterApiControllers(assemblys.ToArray()).PropertiesAutowired(); //AOP builder.RegisterType<Interceptor>(); builder.RegisterWebApiFilterProvider(config); var container = builder.Build(); DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new AutofacDependencyResolver(container)); var resolver = new AutofacWebApiDependencyResolver(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = resolver; AutofacHelper.Container = container; } } }
到此為止就已經注入完成了~
使用:
這個接口注入好了之后可以在普通的Controller使用,也可以在apiController進行使用,分別看一下效果,結束。
Controller:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace ByzkApi.Controllers { public class HomeController : Controller { readonly IStudentRepository repository; //構造器注入 public HomeController(IStudentRepository repository) { this.repository = repository; } public ActionResult Index() { var a = repository.Get(1); ViewBag.Title = a.Name; return View(); } } }
運行結果:
ApiController:(如果想要多個接口只需要實現接口的時候進行繼承IDependency就可)
using ByzkApi.Interface; using Coldairarrow.Web; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; namespace ByzkApi.Controllers { public class TestApiController : ApiController { readonly IStudentRepository repository; public ITest _test { get; } //構造器注入 public TestApiController(IStudentRepository repository, ITest test) { this.repository = repository; _test = test; } [HttpGet] public DataTable test(string sql) { repository.Get(1); var data = _test.GetTest("sql 語句"); //repository.GetTest(sql); return data; } } }
運行效果: