KVM(Kernel-Based Virtual Machines)是一個基於Linux內核的虛擬化技術, 可以直接將Linux內核轉換為Hypervisor（系統管理程序）從而使得Linux內核能夠直接管理虛擬機, 直接調用Linux內核中的內存管理、進程管理子系統來管理虛擬機。
一 虛擬機配置
1.修改虛擬機內存，至少設置成2 GB
在“硬件”選項卡中單擊“處理器”， 在虛擬化引擎中勾選如紅框內所示選項，如下圖：
（千萬別忘了）
再添加一個磁盤大小為50的硬盤
上圖為虛擬機的設置
然后啟動虛擬機進行配置
2. 檢查 CPU 參數
啟動虛擬機，查看以下，內存是否更改成功：
[root@kvm ~]# free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1868688 125360 1582372 8752 160956 1584208
Swap: 097148 0 2097148
檢查 CPU 是否開啟虛擬化支持：
[root@kvm ~]# grep -Ei 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo //vmx為英特爾的cpu；svm為AMD的cpu。 flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xsaves flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xsaves
如果顯示為空，就要檢查虛擬化設置，是否打 “√
3.掛載新磁盤
使用 lsblk 命令，檢查虛擬機是否新增一塊50的磁盤；
[root@kvm ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom
sdb為新增的磁盤
然后格式化這塊磁盤，格式化成ext4格式：
[root@kvm ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) /dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition! Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 3276800 inodes, 13107200 blocks 655360 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2162163712 400 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@kvm ~]# blkid /dev/sdb //blkid+磁盤：查看磁盤信息 /dev/sdb: UUID="dab6d659-e334-41ed-a15a-96ce05b48c1a" TYPE="ext4"
格式化完成后，掛載磁盤，先創建掛載目錄 /kvm_data ,然后進行掛載：
[root@kvm ~]# mkdir /kvm_data [root@kvm ~]# mount /dev/sdb /kvm_data/
為了方便開機可以自動掛載，編寫 /etc/fstab 文件 ，添加文件最末一行：
[root@kvm ~]# vi /etc/fstab [root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 22 22:51:46 2019 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=34f3cd91-b7f0-44dd-9334-2bb66e939898 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb /kvm_data ext4 defaults 0 0
4. 關閉防火牆和selinux
關閉防火牆設置開機不自啟：
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
關閉SELinux,編輯 /etc/selinux/config,將 enforcing 修改為 disabled ：
[root@kvm ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config [root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled //修改這一位置的內容 # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
修改完后，重啟虛擬機，使其生效，使用getenforce查看：
[root@kvm ~]# getenforce Disabled
5.安裝 KVM
使用Yum 安裝KVM:
[root@kvm ~]# yum install -y virt-* libvirt bridge-utils qemu-img ………… Complete!
二 啟動KVM
1.配置網卡
增加橋接網卡 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-br0 //ifcfg-eno16777736為配置IP的網卡，你的網卡可能與我的不同
修改橋接網卡 ifcfg-br0的內容
[root@kvm network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-br0 [root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=none NAME=br0 DEVICE=br0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.16.5 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.16.2 DNS1=114.114.114.114 DNS2=8.8.8.8
修改NATA網卡 ifcfg-eno16777736
[root@kvm network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eno16777736 [root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno16777736 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none NAME=eno16777736 DEVICE=eno16777736 ONBOOT=yes BRIDGE=br0
修改完網卡內容后 ，重新啟動網卡服務並查看網卡信息
[root@kvm network-scripts]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]
[root@kvm network-scripts]# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.16.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast
192.168.16.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8d:1f90 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:8d:1f:90 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 90 bytes 7092 (6.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 38 bytes 3604 (3.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>
mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:8d:1f:90 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 126287 bytes 182444678 (173.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 32532 bytes 2953477 (2.8 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
可以清楚的看到br0網卡出現並且帶有IP，而以前的eno16777736網卡則沒有IP。網卡配置完成。
2.啟動 libvirtd服務
檢查KVM模塊是否加載
[root@kvm network-scripts]# lsmod|grep kvm kvm_intel 162153 0 kvm 525259 1 kvm_intel
啟動libvirtd並檢查是否成功啟動
[root@kvm network-scripts]# systemctl start libvirtd [root@kvm network-scripts]# ps -ef |grep libvirt root 17270 1 1 04:36 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd nobody 17383 1 0 04:36 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper root 17384 17383 0 04:36 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper root 17416 2264 0 04:36 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto libvirt
啟動成功后，使用brctl命令可以看到兩個網卡
[root@kvm ~]# cd [root@kvm ~]# brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c298d1f90 no eno16777736 virbr0 8000.525400c7e229 yes virbr0-nic
3.命令安裝CentOS7
CentOS7鏡像下載地址：
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2003.iso
首先，通過 SCRT上傳CentOS 7鏡像到 /tmp 目錄下，如果沒有鏡像的可以自行下載。上傳后，使用 ll 命令查看 /tmp 目錄下是否存在CentOS 7鏡像文件
[root@kvm ~]# ll /tmp/ total 4228096 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4329570304 Apr 15 2016 CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
鏡像存在，使用 virt-install 進行 CentOS 7 的安裝
[root@kvm ~]# virt-install --name=test --memory=512,maxmemory=1024 --vcpus=1,maxvcpus=2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --location=/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso --disk path=/kvm_data/test.img,size=10 --bridge=br0 --graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial --extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"
打完上面那條命令后，等一會，就可以看見下面這段命令，這是系統基礎設置，帶 [!] 基本都是需要配置的，接下來我們開始配置 “Timezone settings” ，輸入 “2”，按 Enter 鍵
Starting installer, one moment...
anaconda 21.48.22.56-1 for CentOS 7 started.
* installation log files are stored in /tmp during the installation
* shell is available on TTY2
* when reporting a bug add logs from /tmp as separate text/plain attachments
17:01:51 Not asking for VNC because we don't have a network
================================================================================
================================================================================
Installation
1) [x] Language settings 2) [!] Timezone settings
(English (United States)) (Timezone is not set.)
3) [!] Installation source 4) [!] Software selection
(Processing...) (Processing...)
5) [!] Installation Destination 6) [x] Kdump
(No disks selected) (Kdump is enabled)
7) [ ] Network configuration 8) [!] Root password
(Not connected) (Password is not set.)
9) [!] User creation
(No user will be created)
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'b' to begin installation | 'r' to refresh]: 2
=====================================================================
“Timezone settings”時區設置選擇 5) Asia亞洲，再選擇城市 62) Shanghai上海
Timezone settings Available regions 1) Africa 6) Atlantic 10) Pacific 2) America 7) Australia 11) US 3) Antarctica 8) Europe 12) Etc 4) Arctic 9) Indian 5) Asia Please select the timezone. Use numbers or type names directly [b to region list, q to quit]: 5 ================================================================================ ================================================================================ Timezone settings Available timezones in region Asia 1) Aden 28) Irkutsk 54) Pyongyang 2) Almaty 29) Jakarta 55) Qatar 3) Amman 30) Jayapura 56) Qyzylorda 4) Anadyr 31) Jerusalem 57) Rangoon 5) Aqtau 32) Kabul 58) Riyadh 6) Aqtobe 33) Kamchatka 59) Sakhalin 7) Ashgabat 34) Karachi 60) Samarkand 8) Baghdad 35) Kathmandu 61) Seoul 9) Bahrain 36) Khandyga 62) Shanghai 10) Baku 37) Kolkata 63) Singapore 11) Bangkok 38)Krasnoyarsk 64) Srednekolymsk 12) Beirut 39) Kuala_Lumpur 65) Taipei 13) Bishkek 40) Kuching 66) Tashkent 14) Brunei 41) Kuwait 67) Tbilisi 15) Chita 42) Macau 68) Tehran 16) Choibalsan 43) Magadan 69) Thimphu 17) Colombo 44) Makassar 70) Tokyo 18) Damascus 45) Manila 71) Ulaanbaatar 19) Dhaka 46) Muscat 72) Urumqi 20) Dili 47) Nicosia 73) Ust-Nera 21) Dubai 48) Novokuznetsk 74) Vientiane 22) Dushanbe 49) Novosibirsk 75) Vladivostok Press ENTER to continue 23) Gaza 50) Omsk 76) Yakutsk 24) Hebron 51) Oral 77) Yekaterinburg 25) Ho_Chi_Minh 52) Phnom_Penh 78) Yerevan 26) Hong_Kong 53) Pontianak 27) Hovd Please select the timezone. Use numbers or type names directly [b to region list, q to quit]: 62 ================================================================================
輸入完畢后，可以發現 2 的 [!] 變成了 [x] ，證明配置完畢。
接下來配置“Software selection”，選擇 “4”，在選擇 “c”，因為默認就是 minimalinstall，按 Enter 鍵：
Installation
1) [x] Language settings 2) [x] Timezone settings
(English (United States)) (Asia/Shanghai timezone)
3) [x] Installation source 4) [!] Software selection
(Local media) (Minimal Install)
5) [!] Installation Destination 6) [x] Kdump
(No disks selected) (Kdump is enabled)
7) [ ] Network configuration 8) [!] Root password
(Not connected) (Password is not set.)
9) [!] User creation
(No user will be created)
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'b' to begin installation |
'r' to refresh]: 4
================================================================================
================================================================================
Base environment
Software selection
Base environment
1) [x] Minimal Install 7) [ ] Server with GUI
2) [ ] Compute Node 8) [ ] GNOME Desktop
3) [ ] Infrastructure Server 9) [ ] KDE Plasma Workspaces
4) [ ] File and Print Server 10) [ ] Development and Creative Work
5) [ ] Basic Web Server station
6) [ ] Virtualization Host
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'c' to continue |
'r' to refresh]: c
接下來配置 “Installation Destination”，選擇 “5”，其余的依次選擇 “c”，按 Enter 鍵：
Installation
1) [x] Language settings 2) [x] Timezone settings
(English (United States)) (Asia/Shanghai timezone)
3) [!] Installation source 4) [!] Software selection
(Processing...) (Processing...)
5) [!] Installation Destination 6) [x] Kdump
(No disks selected) (Kdump is enabled)
7) [ ] Network configuration 8) [!] Root password
(Not connected) (Password is not set.)
9) [!] User creation
(No user will be created)
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'b' to begin installation |
'r' to refresh]: 5
================================================================================
================================================================================
Probing storage...
Installation Destination
[x] 1) : 10 GiB (vda)
1 disk selected; 10 GiB capacity; 10 GiB free ...
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'c' to continue |
'r' to refresh]: c
================================================================================
================================================================================
Autopartitioning Options
[ ] 1) Replace Existing Linux system(s)
[x] 2) Use All Space
[ ] 3) Use Free Space
Installation requires partitioning of your hard drive. Select what space to use
for the install target.
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'c' to continue |
'r' to refresh]: c
================================================================================
================================================================================
Partition Scheme Options
[ ] 1) Standard Partition
[ ] 2) Btrfs
[x] 3) LVM
[ ] 4) LVM Thin Provisioning
Select a partition scheme configuration.
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'c' to continue |
'r' to refresh]: c
Generating updated storage configuration
Checking storage configuration...
================================================================================
================================================================================
接下來配置 “Root password”，選擇 8，按 Enter 鍵:
Installation
1) [x] Language settings 2) [x] Timezone settings
(English (United States)) (Asia/Shanghai timezone)
3) [x] Installation source 4) [x] Software selection
(Local media) (Minimal Install)
5) [x] Installation Destination 6) [x] Kdump
(Automatic partitioning selecte (Kdump is enabled)
d) 8) [!] Root password
7) [ ] Network configuration (Password is not set.)
(Not connected)
9) [!] User creation
(No user will be created)
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'b' to begin installation |
'r' to refresh]: 8
================================================================================
================================================================================
依次輸入兩次密碼，密碼相同，我設置的為123456
Password: 123456 //密碼為密文，不顯示。 Password (confirm): 123456 ================================================================================ ================================================================================ Question You have provided a weak password: The password fails the dictionary check - it is too simplistic/systematic Would you like to use it anyway? //這句話的意思：你的密碼太過簡單，是否使用它，輸入yes即可。 Please respond 'yes' or 'no': yes ========================================================= =========================================================
配置完成，選擇 “b”，按 Enter 鍵后，開始安裝
Installation
1) [x] Language settings 2) [x] Timezone settings
(English (United States)) (Asia/Shanghai timezone)
3) [x] Installation source 4) [x] Software selection
(Local media) (Minimal Install)
5) [x] Installation Destination 6) [x] Kdump
(Automatic partitioning selecte (Kdump is enabled)
d) 8) [x] Root password
7) [ ] Network configuration (Password is set.)
(Not connected)
9) [ ] User creation
(No user will be created)
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'b' to begin installation |
'r' to refresh]: b
================================================================================
================================================================================
Progress
Setting up the installation environment
.
Creating disklabel on /dev/vda
.
Creating xfs on /dev/vda1
.
Creating lvmpv on /dev/vda2
.
Creating swap on /dev/mapper/centos-swap
.
……………………
Installing readline (34/297)
Installing gawk (35/297)
Installing elfutils-libelf (36/297)
Installing libgpg-error (37/297)
Installing libffi (38/297)
Installing libattr (39/297)
Installing libacl (40/297)
Installing libcap (41/297)
Installing libgcrypt (42/297)
Installing cpio (43/297)
Installing libxml2 (44/297)
Installing libnl3 (45/297)
Installing expat (46/297)
Installing p11-kit (47/297)
……………………
.
Performing post-installation setup tasks
.
Configuring installed system
.
Writing network configuration
.
Creating users
.
Configuring addons
.
Generating initramfs
.
Running post-installation scripts
.
Use of this product is subject to the license agreement found at /usr/share/centos-release/EULA
Installation complete. Press return to quit
//按回車
……………………
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Kernel 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64
localhost login: root
Password: 123456
[root@localhost ~]#
//按“Ctrl+]”鍵，退出終端，回到宿主機。
[root@kvm ~]#
CentOS 7安裝完成。
三 虛擬機管理
1.完成虛擬機安裝，已經退回到宿主機，接下來我們來通過宿主機 virsh 命令進行管理剛才安裝的 CentOS 7虛擬機。
查看虛擬機列表:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list //查看虛擬機列表，只能看到正在運行的虛擬機 Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 2 test running [root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all //查看虛擬機列表，包括未運行的虛擬機 Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 2 test running
進入指定的虛擬:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh console test Connected to domain test Escape character is ^] //如果遲遲未動敲下回車就ok，下面就是正常登錄時需要輸入的用戶名密碼 CentOS Linux 7 (Core) Kernel 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64 localhost login:
若發生以下報錯信息，命令如下：
[root@kvm ~]# virsh console test Connected to domain test Escape character is ^] error: operation failed: Active console session exists for this domain
解決方式，命令如下：
[root@kvm ~]# ps -ef |grep console root 11167 10987 0 01:55 tty1 00:00:00 virsh console test root 16017 15750 0 10:01 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto console [root@kvm ~]# kill -9 11167
vrish常用命令，命令如下：
virsh shutdown test //關閉虛擬機
virsh start test //開啟虛擬機
virsh destroy test //類似stop，這個是強制停止
virsh undefine test //徹底銷毀虛擬機，會刪除虛擬機配置文件，virsh list --all就看不到
virsh autostart test //宿主機開機該虛擬機也開機
virsh autostart --disable test //解除開機啟動
virsh suspend test //掛起
virsh resume test //恢復
2. 克隆虛擬機
克隆虛擬機之前，要先關閉虛擬機，不然會提示這種錯誤:
[root@kvm ~]# virt-clone --original test --name test02 --file /kvm_data/test02.img ERROR Domain with devices to clone must be paused or shutoff.
關閉虛擬機后，再次進行克隆:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh shutdown test Domain test is being shutdown [root@kvm ~]# virt-clone --original test --name test02 --file /kvm_data/test02.img Allocating 'test02.img' 3% [= ] 20 MB/s | 365 MB 00:08:23 ETA //開始克隆 [root@kvm ~]# virt-clone --original test --name test02 --file /kvm_data/test02.img Allocating 'test02.img' | 10 GB 00:00:35 Clone 'test02' created successfully. //克隆完成且成功
original：指定克隆源虛擬機。
name：指定克隆后的虛擬機名字。
file：指定目標虛擬機的虛擬磁盤文件。
查看虛擬機配置文件 /etc/libvirt/qemu/ ，看是否增加 test02.xml 文件:
[root@kvm ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/ networks test02.xml test.xml
接下來，我們啟動剛剛克隆的虛擬機test02，首先查看虛擬機列表，然后啟動克隆的虛擬機test02
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- - test shut off - test02 shut off [root@kvm ~]# virsh start test02 Domain test02 started
3. 快照管理
快照是在我們使用Vmware的時候，很常用的一個功能。它可以回到之前的某一狀態。在KVM中RAW格式的虛擬磁盤不支持做快照，qcow2支持。
創建快照:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh snapshot-create test Domain snapshot 1588485687 created
查看test.img信息，同時會查看到快照列表：
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img info /kvm_data/test.img
image: /kvm_data/test.img
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 1.1G
cluster_size: 65536
Snapshot list:
ID TAG VM SIZE DATE VM CLOCK
1 1588485687 0 2020-05-03 14:01:27 00:00:00.000
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: true
列出所有快照:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh snapshot-list test Name Creation Time State ------------------------------------------------------------ 1588485687 2020-05-03 14:01:27 +0800 shutoff
查看當前快照版本:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh snapshot-current test
<domainsnapshot>
<name>1588485687</name>
<state>shutoff</state>
<creationTime>1588485687</creationTime>
<memory snapshot='no'/>
<disks>
<disk name='vda' snapshot='internal'/>
<disk name='hda' snapshot='no'/>
</disks>
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>test</name>
<uuid>49d7cb9c-20dc-42dd-a260-01532b5132e5</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static' current='1'>2</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
</features>
<cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
<model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS</model>
<feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/>
<feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/>
<feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<master startport='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<master startport='2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<master startport='4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:93:bf:07'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
<model name='isa-serial'/>
</target>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<channel type='unix'>
<target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
</channel>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
<rng model='virtio'>
<backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
</rng>
</devices>
</domain>
</domainsnapshot>
查看所有快照配置文件
[root@kvm ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/test/ 1588485687.xml
恢復指定快照
[root@kvm ~]# virsh snapshot-revert test 1588485687
刪除指定快照
[root@kvm ~]# virsh snapshot-delete test 1588485687 Domain snapshot 1588485687 deleted
4. 磁盤格式
查看虛擬磁盤格式
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img info /kvm_data/test.img
image: /kvm_data/test.img
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 1.1G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: true
創建 2 GB 的 RAW 格式磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img create -f raw /kvm_data/test_1.img 2G Formatting '/kvm_data/test_1.img', fmt=raw size=2147483648
RAW格式的磁盤轉換為 qcow2 格式
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img convert -O qcow2 /kvm_data/test_1.img /kvm_data/test_1.qcow2
查看 test1.img 大小
[root@kvm ~]# ls -lh /kvm_data/test_1.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0G May 3 15:11 /kvm_data/test_1.img [root@kvm ~]# ls -lh /kvm_data/test_1.qcow2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193K May 3 15:38 /kvm_data/test_1.qcow2 //可以看到qcow2文件比較小，raw文件大小和我們指定空間大小一樣是2G //raw格式的磁盤性能比qcow2要好，但是raw格式的磁盤無法做快照
將 test02 轉成 raw 格式
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img convert -O raw /kvm_data/test02.img /kvm_data/test02_2.raw
更改磁盤格式和文件路徑，然后啟動 test02 虛擬機
[root@kvm ~]# virsh edit test02
…………
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test02.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
//找到上面這部分將qcow修改為raw，/kvm_data/test02.img改為/kvm_data/test02_2.raw
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test02_2.raw'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
………………
查看磁盤所屬用戶和組:
[root@kvm ~]# ls -l /kvm_data/ total 3310628 drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Apr 29 00:20 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10737418240 May 3 16:14 test02_2.raw -rw------- 1 root root 1133772800 May 3 16:02 test02.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2147483648 May 3 15:11 test_1.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197120 May 3 16:05 test_1.qcow2 -rw------- 1 root root 10739384832 May 3 14:14 test.img
啟動虛擬機test02，然后再次查看磁盤所屬用戶和組
[root@kvm ~]# virsh start test02 Domain test02 started [root@kvm ~]# ls -l /kvm_data/ total 3310628 drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Apr 29 00:20 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 qemu qemu 10737418240 May 3 16:14 test02_2.raw -rw------- 1 root root 1133772800 May 3 16:02 test02.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2147483648 May 3 15:11 test_1.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197120 May 3 16:05 test_1.qcow2 -rw------- 1 root root 10739384832 May 3 14:14 test.img //啟動后所屬組變化成qemu的是test02_2.raw，證明這個磁盤正在被使用
5. 磁盤擴容
首先擴容RAW格式
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img resize /kvm_data/test02_2.raw +2G Image resized.
查看test02_2.raw信息
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img info /kvm_data/test02_2.raw image: /kvm_data/test02_2.raw file format: raw virtual size: 12G (12884901888 bytes) disk size: 1.0G
進入虛擬機test02，使用 fdisk -l 查看磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# virsh console test02 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0005b865 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/vda2 1026048 20971519 9972736 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 9093 MB, 9093251072 bytes, 17760256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes //可以看到磁盤還是10 GB
退出終端，關閉test02虛擬機，重新啟動，然后再次進入虛擬機test02，使用 fdisk -l 查看磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy test02 Domain test02 destroyed [root@kvm ~]# virsh start test02 Domain test02 started [root@kvm ~]# virsh console test02 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes, 25165824 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0005b865 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/vda2 1026048 20971519 9972736 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 9093 MB, 9093251072 bytes, 17760256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
可以看到已經變成12 GB了。
接下來，我們怎么使用新增加的這2 GB磁盤，那就是分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
//新建分區
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
//按Enter鍵
First sector (20971520-25165823, default 20971520):
//按Enter鍵
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-25165823, default 25165823):
//按Enter鍵
Using default value 25165823
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
//查看分區列表
Disk /dev/vda: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes, 25165824 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005b865
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 1026048 20971519 9972736 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda3 20971520 25165823 2097152 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
//保存退出並退出終端
除了對已有磁盤擴容外，還可以額外增加磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img create -f raw /kvm_data/test02_3.raw 5G Formatting '/kvm_data/test02_3.raw', fmt=raw size=5368709120
使用virsh edit編輯test02虛擬機，將新磁盤增加到test02虛擬機
[root@kvm ~]# virsh edit test02
………………
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test02_2.raw'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06'
function='0x0'/>
</disk>
//找到這一部分內容，在下面增加以下內容
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test02_3.raw'/>
<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09'
function='0x0'/>
</disk>
………………
關閉test02虛擬機，重新啟動，然后進入該虛擬機，使用 fdisk -l 查看磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy test02 Domain test02 destroyed [root@kvm ~]# virsh start test02 Domain test02 started [root@kvm ~]# virsh console test02 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes, 25165824 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0005b865 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/vda2 1026048 20971519 9972736 8e Linux LVM /dev/vda3 20971520 25165823 2097152 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 9093 MB, 9093251072 bytes, 17760256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
可以看到多了一塊 5 GB 的磁盤，退出終端。
接下來，我們擴容 qcow2 格式的磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img resize /kvm_data/test.img +2G Image resized. //若提示qemu-img: Can't resize an image which has snapshots，需要刪除快照
查看 test.img 信息
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img info /kvm_data/test.img
image: /kvm_data/test.img
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 12G (12884901888 bytes)
disk size: 1.1G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: true
關閉test虛擬機，重新啟動，然后再次進入虛擬機test02，使用 fdisk -l 查看磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy test Domain test destroyed [root@kvm ~]# virsh start test Domain test started [root@kvm ~]# virsh console test [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes, 25165824 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0005b865 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/vda2 1026048 20971519 9972736 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 9093 MB, 9093251072 bytes, 17760256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
分區新增加的2 GB磁盤
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (20971520-25165823, default 20971520):
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-25165823, default 25165823):
Using default value 25165823
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
/保存並退出終端
新增一塊qcow2格式的磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /kvm_data/test_2.img 5G Formatting '/kvm_data/test_2.img', fmt=qcow2 size=5368709120 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
使用 virsh edit 編輯test虛擬機，將新磁盤增加到test虛擬機
[root@kvm ~]# virsh edit test
………………
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
//找到這一部分內容，在下面增加以下內容
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test_2.img'/>
<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
………………
關閉test虛擬機，重新啟動，然后進入該虛擬機，使用 fdisk -l 查看磁盤
[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy test Domain test destroyed [root@kvm ~]# virsh start test Domain test started [root@kvm ~]# virsh console test [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes, 25165824 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0005b865 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/vda2 1026048 20971519 9972736 8e Linux LVM /dev/vda3 20971520 25165823 2097152 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 9093 MB, 9093251072 bytes, 17760256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 退出終端
6. 調整CPU內存、網卡
查看虛擬機配置信息:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh dominfo test Id: 8 Name: test UUID: 49d7cb9c-20dc-42dd-a260-01532b5132e5 OS Type: hvm State: running CPU(s): 1 CPU time: 20.8s Max memory: 1048576 KiB Used memory: 524288 KiB Persistent: yes Autostart: disable Managed save: no Security model: none Security DOI: 0
編輯虛擬機內存:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh edit test ………… <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory> //最大內存 <currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory> //可用內存 <vcpu placement='static' current='1'>2</vcpu> //最大cpu ……………… //將以上內容修改為如下內容 ………… <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>624288</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static' current='1'>2</vcpu> …………
關閉虛擬機，重啟動虛擬機:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy test Domain test destroyed [root@kvm ~]# virsh start test Domain test started
查看虛擬機配置信息，看是否修改成功:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh dominfo test Id: 10 Name: test UUID: 49d7cb9c-20dc-42dd-a260-01532b5132e5 OS Type: hvm State: running CPU(s): 1 CPU time: 21.4s Max memory: 1048576 KiB Used memory: 624288 KiB Persistent: yes Autostart: disable Managed save: no Security model: none Security DOI: 0
除了這種修改方式之外，還有一種動態修改:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh setmem test 800m //動態修改內存 [root@kvm ~]# virsh setvcpus test 2 //動態修改cpu，只可以增加不可以減少
查看配置信息，看是否修改成功:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh dominfo test Id: 10 Name: test UUID: 49d7cb9c-20dc-42dd-a260-01532b5132e5 OS Type: hvm State: running CPU(s): 2 CPU time: 22.8s Max memory: 1048576 KiB Used memory: 819200 KiB Persistent: yes Autostart: disable Managed save: no Security model: none Security DOI: 0 [root@kvm ~]# virsh dumpxml test > /etc/libvirt/qemu/test.xml //需要把配置寫入到配置文件里
查看網卡列表:
[root@kvm ~]# virsh domiflist test Interface Type Source Model MAC ------------------------------------------------------- vnet1 bridge br0 virtio 52:54:00:93:bf:07
增加一塊新的網卡，並設置為NAT網絡模式（virbr0類似VMware的VMnet8），這里如果寫 source br0，則網絡模式為橋接
[root@kvm ~]# virsh attach-interface test --type bridge --source virbr0 Interface attached successfully [root@kvm ~]# virsh domiflist test Interface Type Source Model MAC ------------------------------------------------------- vnet1 bridge br0 virtio 52:54:00:93:bf:07 vnet2 bridge virbr0 rtl8139 52:54:00:29:ed:8b [root@kvm ~]# virsh dumpxml test > /etc/libvirt/qemu/test.xml
進入test虛擬機，查看網卡信息
[root@kvm ~]# virsh console test
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens10: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.8 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe29:ed8b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:29:ed:8b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 5186 bytes 7413267 (7.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1480 bytes 84889 (82.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens11: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.16.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.16.255
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe15:abbd prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:15:ab:bd txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 13 bytes 1328 (1.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 16 bytes 1668 (1.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:93:bf:07 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 55 bytes 8520 (8.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
7. 遷移虛擬機
首先關閉虛擬機
[root@kvm ~]# virsh shutdown test Domain test is being shutdown
查看虛擬機磁盤所在目錄
[root@kvm ~]# virsh domblklist test Target Source ------------------------------------------------ vda /kvm_data/test.img vdb /kvm_data/test_2.img hda - [root@kvm ~]# virsh dumpxml test > /etc/libvirt/qemu/test03.xml //如果是遠程機器，需要把該配置文件拷貝到遠程機器上 [root@kvm ~]# rsync -av /kvm_data/test.img /kvm_data/test03.img //-bash: rsync: command not found則yum install -y rsync //如果是遷移到遠程，則需要把該磁盤文件拷貝到遠程機器上 sending incremental file list test.img sent 10,742,006,844 bytes received 35 bytes 60,179,310.25 bytes/sec total size is 10,739,384,832 speedup is 1.00
因為是遷移到本機，配置文件用的是test子機的配置，不改會有沖突，所以需要修改該文件。如果是遠程機器不用修改
[root@kvm ~]# vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/test03.xml
<name>test03</name>
//修改domname:
//修改uuid（隨便改一下數字，位數不要變）
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/kvm_data/test03.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
//修改磁盤路徑
定義新虛擬機
[root@kvm ~]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/test03.xml Domain test03 defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/test03.xml
查看虛擬機列表，會發現新遷移的虛擬機test03
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 6 test02 running - test shut off - test03 shut off