centos7安裝pgsql

postgresql主從同步

目錄

一、環境准備：

二、主庫安裝配置：

三、從庫安裝配置

四、 將服務設置為開機自啟

 

一、環境准備：

主庫IP：192.168.1.55

從庫IP：192.168.1.56

安裝介質准備

下載地址: https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

我這里下載的是11.6版本,介質如下:

postgresql-11.6.tar.gz

 

 

 貼個百度網盤分享

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/14biksO-jRu5EvLEhXuwHHw
提取碼：vhji

 

二、主庫安裝配置：

1.安裝依賴包

yum -y install readline  gcc  -y readline-devel zlib-devel

2.編譯安裝

tar -xvf postgresql-11.6.tar.gz

mkdir -p /opt/postgresql-11.6

 cd postgresql-11.6

./configure --prefix=/opt/postgresql-11.6 --with-blocksize=32  && make && make install

3.創建相應的用戶

 groupadd postgres

 useradd -g postgres postgres

創建數據及日志目錄，並做相應授權

mkdir -p /opt/postgresql-11.6/{data,log}

chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/postgresql-11.6

 

4.初始化數據庫

su - postgres

[postgres@localhost bin]$ cd /opt/postgresql-11.6/bin

[postgres@localhost bin]$ ./initdb -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/

 

 

 

5.啟動數據庫

[postgres@localhost bin]$ cd /opt/postgresql-11.6/bin

[postgres@localhost bin]$./pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/ -l /opt/postgresql-11.6/log/postgres.log start

 

 

 

6.修改環境變量

[postgres@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

 

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

 

# User specific environment and startup programs

 

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/opt/postgresql-11.6/bin

 

export PATH

 

 

 

source .bash_profile

7. 登陸使用

[postgres@localhost bin]$cd /opt/postgresql-11.6/bin

[postgres@localhost bin]$ ./psql

 

 

 

8.修改postgres用戶的訪問密碼並測試建庫建表

9.PostgreSQL 數據庫默認會創建一個postgres的數據庫用戶作為數據庫的管理員，默認密碼為空，我們需要修改為指定的密碼，這里設定為postgres.

su - postgres

psql

# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';

# select * from pg_shadow ;

# create database hxl;

# \c hxl

 

project=# create table person(id integer, name text);

project=# insert into person values (1, 'hxl');

project=# select * from person;

 

 

 

10.配置postgresql允許遠程訪問

只需要修改data目錄下的pg_hba.conf和postgresql.conf這兩個文件:

pg_hba.conf：配置對數據庫的訪問權限;

postgresql.conf：配置PostgreSQL數據庫服務器的相應的參數

 

11.vim /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/pg_hba.conf

 

 

 

 

12.重新加載配置文件

su - postgres

pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data reload

 

13.修改postgresql.conf

vim /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/postgresql.conf

 

listen_addresses = '*'   # what IP address(es) to listen on;

14.修改該改參數需要重啟動

 

pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data -l /opt/postgresql-11.6/log/postgres.log stop

pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data -l /opt/postgresql-11.6/log/postgres.log start

 

到這里主庫已經按照好了,下面進行主庫的配置

15.創建同步賬號

[postgres@localhost data]$ psql

psql (11.6)

Type "help" for help.

 

postgres=# CREATE ROLE repl login replication encrypted password 'repl';

CREATE ROLE

 

 

 

 

16.修改配置文件(pg_hba.conf)

vim /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/pg_hba.conf

在該文件最后添加如下兩行:

host    replication     repl            192.168.1.0/24          md5

host    all             repl            192.168.1.0/24          trust

 

 

 

 

17. 修改配置文件(postgresql.conf)

vim /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/postgresql.conf

找到相應的參數進行如下配置修改

wal_level = replica

archive_mode = on

archive_command = 'cp %p /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/pg_archive/%f'

##%p = path of file to archive

##%f = file name only

max_wal_senders = 6

wal_keep_segments = 10240

wal_sender_timeout = 60s

 

 

18.創建歸檔日志目錄

mkdir -p /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/pg_archive

重啟主庫

pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/ -l /opt/postgresql-11.6/log/postgres.log restart

 

三、從庫安裝配置

1.從庫的安裝跟主庫安裝步驟一致,需要啟動數據庫

停掉從庫

若從庫的數據庫已經在運行的話,事先將其停掉

[postgres@localhost data]$ pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/ -l /opt/postgresql-11.6/log/postgres.log stop

waiting for server to shut down.... done

server stopped

2.准備data目錄

從庫安裝完成后，不初始化，若已經初始化，刪除其data目錄

若之前安裝的pg有data目錄的話需要將其刪除掉,並創建一個空的相同的目錄

su - postgres

[postgres@localhost postgresql-11.6]$ cd /opt/postgresql-11.6

[postgres@localhost postgresql-11.6]$ mv data bakdata

[postgres@localhost postgresql-11.6]$ mkdir data

root用戶下修改權限

chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/postgresql-11.6

chmod 0700 /opt/postgresql-11.6/data

 

 

 

3.同步主庫的數據文件

[postgres@localhost postgresql-11.6]$ pg_basebackup -Fp --progress -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data -h 192.168.1.55 -p 5432 -U repl --password

輸入密碼 repl

 

 

 

查看

 

 

 

4.創建recovery.conf文件

從模板文件拷貝到data目錄

[postgres@localhost share]$ cp /opt/postgresql-11.6/share/recovery.conf.sample /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/recovery.conf

 

對其進行修改，參數如下:

 

在data目錄下創建recovery.conf文件,內容如下

standby_mode = on  # 這個說明這台機器為從庫

primary_conninfo = 'host=192.168.1.55 port=5432 user=repl password=repl'  # 這個說明這台機器對應主庫的信息

recovery_target_timeline = 'latest' # 這個說明這個流復制同步到最新的數據

 

 

 

5.修改從庫postgresql.conf文件

修改如下內容項:

max_connections = 1000 #一般查多於寫的應用從庫的最大連接數要比較大

hot_standby = on       #說明這台機器不僅僅是用於數據歸檔，也用於數據查詢

max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s  #數據流備份的最大延遲時間

wal_receiver_status_interval = 1s  #多久向主報告一次從的狀態，當然從每次數據復制都會向主報告狀態，這里只是設置最長的間隔時間

hot_standby_feedback = on          #如果有錯誤的數據復制，是否向主進行反饋

6.啟動從庫

pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql-11.6/data/ -l /opt/postgresql-11.6/log/postgres.log start

7.主庫上查看

 

 

 

對於如何主從切換具體看博客鏈接：

https://www.cnblogs.com/hxlasky/p/12192612.html

四、將服務設置為開機自啟

1.修改postgresql文件配置

vim /etc/init.d/postgresql

#prefix設置為你的安裝路徑

#PGUSER設置為操作postgreSQL的用戶（默認為postgres）

#PGLOG是日志路徑

#注：如果設置的日志路徑沒有server.log,需要手動創建此文檔

cd /opt/postgresql-11.6/data

touch server.log

以下為腳本內容：

#! /bin/sh

 

# chkconfig: 2345 98 02

# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS

 

# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such

# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables

# and maybe the 'echo' commands.

#

# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to

#   /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql

# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:

# chkconfig --add postgresql

#

# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock

# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network

# settings, so you should treat this with care.

 

# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <[e-mail]>

 

# contrib/start-scripts/linux

 

## EDIT FROM HERE

 

# Installation prefix

prefix=/opt/postgresql-11.6

 

# Data directory

PGDATA="/opt/postgresql-11.6/data"

 

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")

PGUSER=postgres

 

# Where to keep a log file

PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"

 

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the

# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because

# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  To do that, uncomment these

# three lines:

#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj

#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000

#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0

# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead

# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except for having a different

# range of scores.  For such a system, uncomment these three lines instead:

#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_adj

#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-17

#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0

 

## STOP EDITING HERE

 

# The path that is to be used for the script

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

 

# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait

# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start" here.)

DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

 

# What to use to shut down the postmaster

PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

 

set -e

 

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.

test -x $DAEMON ||

{

echo "$DAEMON not found"

if [ "$1" = "stop" ]

then exit 0

else exit 5

fi

}

 

# If we want to tell child processes to adjust their OOM scores, set up the

# necessary environment variables.  Can't just export them through the "su".

if [ -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" -a -n "$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" ]

then

DAEMON_ENV="PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ"

fi

 

 

# Parse command line parameters.

case $1 in

  start)

echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "

test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"

su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' >>$PGLOG 2>&1 &"

echo "ok"

;;

  stop)

echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s"

echo "ok"

;;

  restart)

echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s"

test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"

su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' >>$PGLOG 2>&1 &"

echo "ok"

;;

  reload)

echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"

echo "ok"

;;

  status)

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"

;;

  *)

# Print help

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2

exit 1

;;

esac

 

exit 0

 

2.給postgresql分配執行權限

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/postgresql

3.添加開機自啟

chkconfig --add postgresql 

4.重啟服務器驗證設置是否成功（可不做）

reboot

5.查詢服務啟動是否正常

systemctl status postgresql

 

 

 

嘻嘻 好久沒有更新了呢

因為最近一直都和L待在一起

嘿嘿嘿

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