1、實時重建索引
在實際的生產環境中,一個field
的設置是不能被修改的,如果要修改一個Field
,那么應該重新按照新的mapping
,建立一個index
,然后將數據批量查詢出來,重新用bulk api
寫入index
中。
批量查詢的時候,建議采用scroll api
,並且采用多線程並發的方式來reindex
數據。例如說每次scoll
就查詢指定日期的一段數據,交給一個線程即可。
PUT /my_index/_doc/1 { "title": "2019-09-10" } PUT /my_index/_doc/2 { "title": "2019-09-11" }
(2)當后期向索引中加入string
類型的title
值的時候,就會報錯
PUT /my_index/_doc/3 { "title": "my first article" }
報錯
{
"error": { "root_cause": [ { "type": "mapper_parsing_exception", "reason": "failed to parse field [title] of type [date] in document with id '3'. Preview of field's value: 'my first article'" } ], "type": "mapper_parsing_exception", "reason": "failed to parse field [title] of type [date] in document with id '3'. Preview of field's value: 'my first article'", "caused_by": { "type": "illegal_argument_exception", "reason": "failed to parse date field [my first article] with format [strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis]", "caused_by": { "type": "date_time_parse_exception", "reason": "Failed to parse with all enclosed parsers" } } }, "status": 400 }
(3)如果此時想修改title
的類型,是不可能的
PUT /my_index/_mapping
{
"properties": { "title": { "type": "text" } } }
報錯
{
"error": { "root_cause": [ { "type": "illegal_argument_exception", "reason": "mapper [title] of different type, current_type [date], merged_type [text]" } ], "type": "illegal_argument_exception", "reason": "mapper [title] of different type, current_type [date], merged_type [text]" }, "status": 400 }
(4)此時,唯一的辦法,就是進行reindex
,也就是說,重新建立一個索引,將舊索引的數據查詢出來,再導入新索引。
(5)如果說舊索引的名字,是old_index
,新索引的名字是new_index
,終端java
應用,已經在使用old_index
在操作了,難道還要去停止java
應用,修改使用的index
為new_index
,才重新啟動java
應用嗎?這個過程中,就會導致java
應用停機,可用性降低。
(6)所以說,給java
應用一個別名,這個別名是指向舊索引的,java
應用先用着,java
應用先用prod_index
來操作,此時實際指向的是舊的my_index
PUT /my_index/_alias/prod_index
(7)查看別名,會發現my_index
已經存在一個別名prod_index
了。
GET my_index/_alias
(8)新建一個index
,調整其title
的類型為string
PUT /my_index_new
{
"mappings": { "properties": { "title": { "type": "text" } } } }
(9)使用scroll api
將數據批量查詢出來
GET /my_index/_search?scroll=1m
{
"query": { "match_all": {} }, "size": 1 }
返回
{
"_scroll_id" : "DXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAARUMWQWx5bzRmTW9TeUNpNmVvN0E2dF9YQQ==", "took" : 4, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 2, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.0, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "my_index", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "title" : "2019-09-10" } } ] } }
(9)采用bulk api
將scoll
查出來的一批數據,批量寫入新索引
POST /_bulk
{"index":{"_index":"my_index_new","_id":"1"}} {"title":"2019-09-10"}
(10)反復循環8~9,查詢一批又一批的數據出來,采取bulk api
將每一批數據批量寫入新索引
(11)將my_index
索引的別名prod_index
切換到my_index_new
上去,java應用會直接通過index別名使用新的索引中的數據,java應用程序不需要停機,零提交,高可用
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [ { "remove": { "index": "my_index", "alias": "prod_index" } }, { "add": { "index": "my_index_new", "alias": "prod_index" } } ] }
(12)直接通過prod_index
別名來查詢,是否ok
GET prod_index/_search
可以看到能夠查詢到新索引my_index_new
的數據了
{
"took" : 1117, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 1, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.0, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "my_index_new", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "title" : "2019-09-10" } } ] } }
2、總結:
基於alias
對client
透明切換index
PUT /my_index_v1/_alias/my_index
client
對my_index
進行操作
reindex
操作,完成之后,切換v1到v2
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [ { "remove": { "index": "my_index_v1", "alias": "my_index" }}, { "add": { "index": "my_index_v2", "alias": "my_index" }} ] }