[LeetCode] 1261. Find Elements in a Contaminated Binary Tree 在受污染的二叉樹中查找元素

Given a binary tree with the following rules:

1. root.val == 0
2. If treeNode.val == x and treeNode.left != null, then treeNode.left.val == 2 * x + 1
3. If treeNode.val == x and treeNode.right != null, then treeNode.right.val == 2 * x + 2

Now the binary tree is contaminated, which means all treeNode.val have been changed to -1.

Implement the FindElements class:

• FindElements(TreeNode* root) Initializes the object with a contaminated binary tree and recovers it.
• bool find(int target) Returns true if the target value exists in the recovered binary tree.

Example 1:

Input
["FindElements","find","find"]
[[[-1,null,-1]],[1],[2]]
Output
[null,false,true]
Explanation
FindElements findElements = new FindElements([-1,null,-1]);
findElements.find(1); // return False
findElements.find(2); // return True

Example 2:

Input
["FindElements","find","find","find"]
[[[-1,-1,-1,-1,-1]],[1],[3],[5]]
Output
[null,true,true,false]
Explanation
FindElements findElements = new FindElements([-1,-1,-1,-1,-1]);
findElements.find(1); // return True
findElements.find(3); // return True
findElements.find(5); // return False

Example 3:

Input
["FindElements","find","find","find","find"]
[[[-1,null,-1,-1,null,-1]],[2],[3],[4],[5]]
Output
[null,true,false,false,true]
Explanation
FindElements findElements = new FindElements([-1,null,-1,-1,null,-1]);
findElements.find(2); // return True
findElements.find(3); // return False
findElements.find(4); // return False
findElements.find(5); // return True

Constraints:

• TreeNode.val == -1
• The height of the binary tree is less than or equal to 20
• The total number of nodes is between [1, 10^4]
• Total calls of find() is between [1, 10^4]
• 0 <= target <= 106

這道題給了一棵二叉樹，由於被污染了，所以每個結點值都是 -1，但是實際的命名規則是根結點值為0，且對於任意一個結點值x，若其左結點存在，則其值為 2x+1，若其右結點存在，則值為 2x+2，現在讓復原給定的二叉樹，同時對於給定的 target 值，判斷其是否在復原的二叉樹中。看了下題目中的條件，find 函數可能被調用上萬次，肯定不能每次調用都遍歷一遍二叉樹，最快速的查找時間是常數級的，所以應該將所有的結點值都放到一個 HashSet 中，這樣就能最快速的查找目標值了。這里首先要做的就是復原二叉樹，在復原的過程中將結點值都存到 HashSet 中，可以用一個先序遍歷，傳入根結點值0。在遞歸函數中，若當前結點為空，直接返回，否則將傳入的 val 加入 HashSet，並且賦值給當前結點值。然后判斷，若左子結點存在，則對左子結點調用遞歸函數，並且將 2*val + 1 當作參數傳入，同理，若右子結點存在，則對右子結點調用遞歸函數，並且將 2*val + 2 當作參數傳入即可，參見代碼如下：

class FindElements {
public:
    FindElements(TreeNode* root) {
        helper(root, 0);
    }
    
    bool find(int target) {
        return st.count(target);
    }

private:
    unordered_set<int> st;
    
    void helper(TreeNode* node, int val) {
        if (!node) return;
        st.insert(val);
        node->val = val;
        if (node->left) helper(node->left, 2 * val + 1);
        if (node->right) helper(node->right, 2 * val + 2);
    }
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/1261

參考資料：

https://leetcode.com/problems/find-elements-in-a-contaminated-binary-tree/

https://leetcode.com/problems/find-elements-in-a-contaminated-binary-tree/discuss/431107/JavaPython-3-DFS-and-BFS-clean-codes-w-analysis.

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