Windows桌面端開發常常會需要讀取系統信息或硬件信息作為用戶標識，比如用於確認該設配是否已經激活程序。也可以使用隨機生成的UUID來作為唯一標識，但是如果重裝系統或重裝軟件都有可能導致標識丟失，因此使用硬件信息更為可靠，常見的有MAC地址，主機名，系統信息等，下面記錄一些常見的信息的讀取方法，以便以后開發查閱。
系統信息
///獲取操作系統名稱
GetHardWareInfo("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem", "Name");
///獲取主機名
GetHardWareInfo("SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem", "Name");
硬件信息
///獲取MAC地址
GetHardWareInfo("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapter WHERE ((MACAddress Is Not NULL) AND (Manufacturer <> 'Microsoft'))", "MACAddress");
ManagementObjectSearcher類
類官方文檔
查詢方法
private string GetHardWareInfo(string queryStr, string key)
{
try
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(queryStr))
{
return string.Empty;
}
string hardinfo = string.Empty;
ManagementObjectSearcher objvide = new ManagementObjectSearcher(queryStr);
foreach (ManagementObject obj in objvide.Get())
{
hardinfo = obj[key].ToString();
}
return hardinfo;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogHelper.CreateInstance().Error(ex, "Get TerminalInfo Error");
return string.Empty;
}
}
查詢語句拼接方法
ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("select * from " + Key);
//常見key
// 硬件
Win32_Processor, // CPU 處理器
Win32_PhysicalMemory, // 物理內存條
Win32_Keyboard, // 鍵盤
Win32_PointingDevice, // 點輸入設備，包括鼠標
Win32_FloppyDrive, // 軟盤驅動器
Win32_DiskDrive, // 硬盤驅動器
Win32_CDROMDrive, // 光盤驅動器
Win32_BaseBoard, // 主板
Win32_BIOS, // BIOS 芯片
Win32_ParallelPort, // 並口
Win32_SerialPort, // 串口
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration, // 串口配置
Win32_SoundDevice, // 多媒體設置，一般指聲卡。
Win32_SystemSlot, // 主板插槽 (ISA & PCI & AGP)
Win32_USBController, // USB 控制器
Win32_NetworkAdapter, // 網絡適配器
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration, // 網絡適配器設置
Win32_Printer, // 打印機
Win32_PrinterConfiguration, // 打印機設置
Win32_PrintJob, // 打印機任務
Win32_TCPIPPrinterPort, // 打印機端口
Win32_POTSModem, // MODEM
Win32_POTSModemToSerialPort, // MODEM 端口
Win32_DesktopMonitor, // 顯示器
Win32_DisplayConfiguration, // 顯卡
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration, // 顯卡設置
Win32_VideoController, // 顯卡細節。
Win32_VideoSettings, // 顯卡支持的顯示模式。
// 操作系統
Win32_TimeZone, // 時區
Win32_SystemDriver, // 驅動程序
Win32_DiskPartition, // 磁盤分區
Win32_LogicalDisk, // 邏輯磁盤
Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition, // 邏輯磁盤所在分區及始末位置。
Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration, // 邏輯內存配置
Win32_PageFile, // 系統頁文件信息
Win32_PageFileSetting, // 頁文件設置
Win32_BootConfiguration, // 系統啟動配置
Win32_ComputerSystem, // 計算機信息簡要
Win32_OperatingSystem, // 操作系統信息
Win32_StartupCommand, // 系統自動啟動程序
Win32_Service, // 系統安裝的服務
Win32_Group, // 系統管理組
Win32_GroupUser, // 系統組帳號
Win32_UserAccount, // 用戶帳號
Win32_Process, // 系統進程
Win32_Thread, // 系統線程
Win32_Share, // 共享
Win32_NetworkClient, // 已安裝的網絡客戶端
Win32_NetworkProtocol, // 已安裝的網絡協議
//全部key
Win32_1394Controller
Win32_1394ControllerDevice
Win32_Account
Win32_AccountSID
Win32_ACE
Win32_ActionCheck
Win32_AllocatedResource
Win32_ApplicationCommandLine
Win32_ApplicationService
Win32_AssociatedBattery
Win32_AssociatedProcessorMemory
Win32_BaseBoard
Win32_BaseService
Win32_Battery
Win32_Binary
Win32_BindImageAction
Win32_BIOS
Win32_BootConfiguration
Win32_Bus
Win32_CacheMemory
Win32_CDROMDrive
Win32_CheckCheck
Win32_CIMLogicalDeviceCIMDataFile
Win32_ClassicCOMApplicationClasses
Win32_ClassicCOMClass
Win32_ClassicCOMClassSetting
Win32_ClassicCOMClassSettings
Win32_ClassInfoAction
Win32_ClientApplicationSetting
Win32_CodecFile
Win32_COMApplication
Win32_COMApplicationClasses
Win32_COMApplicationSettings
Win32_COMClass
Win32_ComClassAutoEmulator
Win32_ComClassEmulator
Win32_CommandLineAccess
Win32_ComponentCategory
Win32_ComputerSystem
Win32_ComputerSystemProcessor
Win32_ComputerSystemProduct
Win32_COMSetting
Win32_Condition
Win32_CreateFolderAction
Win32_CurrentProbe
Win32_DCOMApplication
Win32_DCOMApplicationAccessAllowedSetting
Win32_DCOMApplicationLaunchAllowedSetting
Win32_DCOMApplicationSetting
Win32_DependentService
Win32_Desktop
Win32_DesktopMonitor
Win32_DeviceBus
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
Win32_DeviceSettings
Win32_Directory
Win32_DirectorySpecification
Win32_DiskDrive
Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition
Win32_DiskPartition
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
Win32_DMAChannel
Win32_DriverVXD
Win32_DuplicateFileAction
Win32_Environment
Win32_EnvironmentSpecification
Win32_ExtensionInfoAction
Win32_Fan
Win32_FileSpecification
Win32_FloppyController
Win32_FloppyDrive
Win32_FontInfoAction
Win32_Group
Win32_GroupUser
Win32_HeatPipe
Win32_IDEController
Win32_IDEControllerDevice
Win32_ImplementedCategory
Win32_InfraredDevice
Win32_IniFileSpecification
Win32_InstalledSoftwareElement
Win32_IRQResource
Win32_Keyboard
Win32_LaunchCondition
Win32_LoadOrderGroup
Win32_LoadOrderGroupServiceDependencies
Win32_LoadOrderGroupServiceMembers
Win32_LogicalDisk
Win32_LogicalDiskRootDirectory
Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition
Win32_LogicalFileAccess
Win32_LogicalFileAuditing
Win32_LogicalFileGroup
Win32_LogicalFileOwner
Win32_LogicalFileSecuritySetting
Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration
Win32_LogicalProgramGroup
Win32_LogicalProgramGroupDirectory
Win32_LogicalProgramGroupItem
Win32_LogicalProgramGroupItemDataFile
Win32_LogicalShareAccess
Win32_LogicalShareAuditing
Win32_LogicalShareSecuritySetting
Win32_ManagedSystemElementResource
Win32_MemoryArray
Win32_MemoryArrayLocation
Win32_MemoryDevice
Win32_MemoryDeviceArray
Win32_MemoryDeviceLocation
Win32_MethodParameterClass
Win32_MIMEInfoAction
Win32_MotherboardDevice
Win32_MoveFileAction
Win32_MSIResource
Win32_networkAdapter
Win32_networkAdapterConfiguration
Win32_networkAdapterSetting
Win32_networkClient
Win32_networkConnection
Win32_networkLoginProfile
Win32_networkProtocol
Win32_NTEventlogFile
Win32_NTLogEvent
Win32_NTLogEventComputer
Win32_NTLogEventLog
Win32_NTLogEventUser
Win32_ODBCAttribute
Win32_ODBCDataSourceAttribute
Win32_ODBCDataSourceSpecification
Win32_ODBCDriverAttribute
Win32_ODBCDriverSoftwareElement
Win32_ODBCDriverSpecification
Win32_ODBCSourceAttribute
Win32_ODBCTranslatorSpecification
Win32_OnBoardDevice
Win32_OperatingSystem
Win32_OperatingSystemQFE
Win32_OSRecoveryConfiguration
Win32_PageFile
Win32_PageFileElementSetting
Win32_PageFileSetting
Win32_PageFileUsage
Win32_ParallelPort
Win32_Patch
Win32_PatchFile
Win32_PatchPackage
Win32_PCMCIAController
Win32_Perf
Win32_PerfRawData
Win32_PerfRawData_ASP_ActiveServerPages
Win32_PerfRawData_ASPnet_114322_ASPnetAppsv114322
Win32_PerfRawData_ASPnet_114322_ASPnetv114322
Win32_PerfRawData_ASPnet_ASPnet
Win32_PerfRawData_ASPnet_ASPnetApplications
Win32_PerfRawData_IAS_IASAccountingClients
Win32_PerfRawData_IAS_IASAccountingServer
Win32_PerfRawData_IAS_IASAuthenticationClients
Win32_PerfRawData_IAS_IASAuthenticationServer
Win32_PerfRawData_InetInfo_InternetInformationServicesGlobal
Win32_PerfRawData_MSDTC_DistributedTransactionCoordinator
Win32_PerfRawData_MSFTPSVC_FTPService
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerAccessMethods
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerBackupDevice
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerBufferManager
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerBufferPartition
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerCacheManager
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerDatabases
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerGeneralStatistics
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerLatches
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerLocks
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerMemoryManager
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerReplicationAgents
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerReplicationDist
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerReplicationLogreader
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerReplicationMerge
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerReplicationSnapshot
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerSQLStatistics
Win32_PerfRawData_MSSQLSERVER_SQLServerUserSettable
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRExceptions
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRInterop
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRJit
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRLoading
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRLocksAndThreads
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRMemory
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRRemoting
Win32_PerfRawData_netFramework_netCLRSecurity
Win32_PerfRawData_Outlook_Outlook
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfDisk_PhysicalDisk
Win32_PerfRawData_Perfnet_Browser
Win32_PerfRawData_Perfnet_Redirector
Win32_PerfRawData_Perfnet_Server
Win32_PerfRawData_Perfnet_ServerWorkQueues
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_Cache
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_Memory
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_Objects
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_PagingFile
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_Processor
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_System
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_FullImage_Costly
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_Image_Costly
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_JobObject
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_JobObjectDetails
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_Process
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_ProcessAddressSpace_Costly
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_Thread
Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_ThreadDetails_Costly
Win32_PerfRawData_RemoteAccess_RASPort
Win32_PerfRawData_RemoteAccess_RASTotal
Win32_PerfRawData_RSVP_ACSPerRSVPService
Win32_PerfRawData_Spooler_PrintQueue
Win32_PerfRawData_TapiSrv_Telephony
Win32_PerfRawData_Tcpip_ICMP
Win32_PerfRawData_Tcpip_IP
Win32_PerfRawData_Tcpip_NBTConnection
Win32_PerfRawData_Tcpip_networkInterface
Win32_PerfRawData_Tcpip_TCP
Win32_PerfRawData_Tcpip_UDP
Win32_PerfRawData_W3SVC_WebService
Win32_PhysicalMedia
Win32_PhysicalMemory
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
Win32_PhysicalMemoryLocation
Win32_PNPAllocatedResource
Win32_PnPDevice
Win32_PnPEntity
Win32_PointingDevice
Win32_PortableBattery
Win32_PortConnector
Win32_PortResource
Win32_POTSModem
Win32_POTSModemToSerialPort
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
Win32_Printer
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
Win32_PrinterController
Win32_PrinterDriverDll
Win32_PrinterSetting
Win32_PrinterShare
Win32_PrintJob
Win32_PrivilegesStatus
Win32_Process
Win32_Processor
Win32_ProcessStartup
Win32_Product
Win32_ProductCheck
Win32_ProductResource
Win32_ProductSoftwareFeatures
Win32_ProgIDSpecification
Win32_ProgramGroup
Win32_ProgramGroupContents
Win32_ProgramGroupOrItem
Win32_Property
Win32_ProtocolBinding
Win32_PublishComponentAction
Win32_QuickFixEngineering
Win32_Refrigeration
Win32_Registry
Win32_RegistryAction
Win32_RemoveFileAction
Win32_RemoveIniAction
Win32_ReserveCost
Win32_ScheduledJob
Win32_SCSIController
Win32_SCSIControllerDevice
Win32_SecurityDescriptor
Win32_SecuritySetting
Win32_SecuritySettingAccess
Win32_SecuritySettingAuditing
Win32_SecuritySettingGroup
Win32_SecuritySettingOfLogicalFile
Win32_SecuritySettingOfLogicalShare
Win32_SecuritySettingOfObject
Win32_SecuritySettingOwner
Win32_SelfRegModuleAction
Win32_SerialPort
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
Win32_SerialPortSetting
Win32_Service
Win32_ServiceControl
Win32_ServiceSpecification
Win32_ServiceSpecificationService
Win32_SettingCheck
Win32_Share
Win32_ShareToDirectory
Win32_ShortcutAction
Win32_ShortcutFile
Win32_ShortcutSAP
Win32_SID
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
Win32_SoftwareElement
Win32_SoftwareElementAction
Win32_SoftwareElementCheck
Win32_SoftwareElementCondition
Win32_SoftwareElementResource
Win32_SoftwareFeature
Win32_SoftwareFeatureAction
Win32_SoftwareFeatureCheck
Win32_SoftwareFeatureParent
Win32_SoftwareFeatureSoftwareElements
Win32_SoundDevice
Win32_StartupCommand
Win32_SubDirectory
Win32_SystemAccount
Win32_SystemBIOS
Win32_SystemBootConfiguration
Win32_SystemDesktop
Win32_SystemDevices
Win32_SystemDriver
Win32_SystemDriverPNPEntity
Win32_SystemEnclosure
Win32_SystemLoadOrderGroups
Win32_SystemLogicalMemoryConfiguration
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
Win32_SystemnetworkConnections
Win32_SystemOperatingSystem
Win32_SystemPartitions
Win32_SystemProcesses
Win32_SystemProgramGroups
Win32_SystemResources
Win32_SystemServices
Win32_SystemSetting
Win32_SystemSlot
Win32_SystemSystemDriver
Win32_SystemTimeZone
Win32_SystemUsers
Win32_TapeDrive
Win32_TemperatureProbe
Win32_Thread
Win32_TimeZone
Win32_Trustee
Win32_TypeLibraryAction
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
Win32_USBController
Win32_USBControllerDevice
Win32_UserAccount
Win32_UserDesktop
Win32_VideoConfiguration
Win32_VideoController
Win32_VideoSettings
Win32_VoltageProbe
Win32_WMIElementSetting
Win32_WMISetting
總結
根據過往開發經驗，目前電腦設備上並無百分百可靠的唯一標識，比如MAC地址一台電腦可能會有多個，系統標識則更不可靠，因為存在大量的盜版系統標識都是重復的，但可以選擇相對不容易變更的值作為唯一標識使用，影響不大。