python：playwright結合pytest執行用例

本文轉載自查看原文 2021-11-22 20:21 894 python/ playwright/ pytest

playwright結合Pytest為您的 Web 應用程序編寫端到端的測試。

安裝pytest插件

C:\Users\lifeng01>pip install pytest-playwright
Collecting pytest-playwright
  Using cached pytest_playwright-0.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (9.8 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (6.2.5)
Requirement already satisfied: playwright>=1.13 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (1.17.0)
Requirement already satisfied: python-slugify in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (5.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest-base-url in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-playwright) (1.4.2)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (3.7.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pyee>=8.0.1 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (8.2.2)
Requirement already satisfied: websockets>=8.1 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (9.1)
Requirement already satisfied: greenlet>=1.0.0 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (1.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (19.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.8.2 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: toml in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pluggy<2.0,>=0.12 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (20.9)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata>=0.12 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: iniconfig in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: requests>=2.9 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2.25.0)
Requirement already satisfied: text-unidecode>=1.3 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from python-slugify->pytest-playwright) (1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12->pytest->pytest-playwright) (3.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (1.26.2)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2020.4.5.1)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<3,>=2.5 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2.9)
Requirement already satisfied: chardet<4,>=3.0.2 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in d:\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest->pytest-playwright) (2.4.7)
Installing collected packages: pytest-playwright
Successfully installed pytest-playwright-0.2.2

編寫測試用例

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page


def test_baidu_com(page: Page):

    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
    # xpath定位輸入框，輸入文本內容
    page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦時明月")
    # css點位點擊“百度一下”按鈕
    page.click('#su')
    # 打印title名稱
    print(page.title)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])

名詞解釋：

test_baidu_com(page: Page):自動完成配置類型 ( page是pytest_playwright插件提供的一個夾函數，page指定到類型為Page，Page是playwright庫提供的一個類，page指定類型為Page就可以調用Page類中的一些列方法 )

命令行輸入命令執行：

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --browser chromium --video on
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-0.1.0, playwrigh
t-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 1 item                                                                                                                                                                         

test_baidu_example.py .                                                                                                                                                            [100%]

=================================================================================== 1 passed in 1.97s ===================================================================================

命令行常用基礎命令：

# 運行測試
pytest 

# 開啟頁面運行
pytest --headed

# 指定瀏覽器運行
pytest --browser firefox

# 開啟頁面運行並指定瀏覽器運行
pytest --headed --browser firefox

# 指定兩個瀏覽器運行，優先運行火狐再運行谷歌
pytest --browser firefox --browser chromium

# 使用瀏覽器頻道，支持谷歌瀏覽器(我的電腦其他瀏覽器是報錯的)
pytest --browser-channel chromium

# 用慢動作運行測試
pytest --slowmo 100

# 指定谷歌瀏覽器，開啟記錄每次測試的軌跡(生成一個.zip包，存放在test-results文件夾中)
pytest --browser chromium --tracing on（on:開；off:關）

# 指定谷歌瀏覽器，開啟每次測試錄制視頻(生成一個.webm包，存放在test-results文件夾中)
pytest --browser chromium --video on（on:開；off:關）

# 指定谷歌瀏覽器，開啟每次測試后是否自動截屏(生成一個.png圖片，存放在test-results文件夾中)
pytest --browser chromium --screenshot on

通過瀏覽器跳過測試:

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page


@pytest.mark.skip_browser("firefox")
def test_baidu_com(page: Page):

    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
    # xpath定位輸入框，輸入文本內容
    page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦時明月")
    # css點位點擊“百度一下”按鈕
    page.click('#su')
    # 打印title名稱
    print(page.title)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])

在特定瀏覽器上運行:

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page


@pytest.mark.only_browser("chromium")
def test_baidu_com(page: Page):

    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
    # xpath定位輸入框，輸入文本內容
    page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦時明月")
    # css點位點擊“百度一下”按鈕
    page.click('#su')
    # 打印title名稱
    print(page.title)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])

忽略 HTTPS 錯誤和設置自定義視口大小

第一種是寫在conftest.py中，然后直接運行測試用例:

# conftest.py

import pytest


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(browser_context_args):
    return {
        **browser_context_args,
        "ignore_https_errors": True,
    }


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(browser_context_args):
    return {
        **browser_context_args,
        "viewport": {
            "width": 1920,
            "height": 1080,
        }
    }

測試用例寫法如下(最好這樣寫，不然運行就報錯，作者已采坑):

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page


def test_example(page: Page):
    page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
    assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"

    page.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])

命令行運行測試用例:

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --headed --browser chromium
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-
0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 1 item                                                                                                                                                                         

test_example.py .                                                                                                                                                                  [100%]

=================================================================================== 1 passed in 2.39s ===================================================================================

第二種是直接在用例中增加指定參數即可:

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright


def test_example():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)
        page = browser.new_context(
            ignore_https_errors=True,
            viewport={
                "width": 1920,
                "height": 1040,
            }
        )
        page = page.new_page()
        page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
        assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"
        browser.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])

名詞解釋:
p.chromium.launch(headless=False):headless=False是開啟有頁面運行(默認是True，也就是無頭瀏覽器)

第三種是模擬手機瀏覽器

# conftest.py

import pytest


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(browser_context_args, playwright):
    iphone_11 = playwright.devices['iPhone 11 Pro']
    return {
        **browser_context_args,
        **iphone_11,
    }

測試用例寫法如下(最好這樣寫，不然運行就報錯，作者已采坑):

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Page


def test_example(page: Page):
    page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
    assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"

    page.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])

命令行運行測試用例:

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --headed --browser chromium
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-
0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 1 item                                                                                                                                                                         

test_example.py F                                                                                                                                                                  [100%]

======================================================================================= FAILURES ========================================================================================
________________________________________________________________________________ test_example[chromium] _________________________________________________________________________________

page = <Page url='https://m.baidu.com/?from=844b&vit=fps'>

    def test_example(page: Page):
        page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
>       assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道"
E       AssertionError: assert '百度一下' == '百度一下，你就知道'
E         - 百度一下，你就知道
E         + 百度一下

test_example.py:15: AssertionError
================================================================================ short test summary info ================================================================================
FAILED test_example.py::test_example[chromium] - AssertionError: assert '百度一下' == '百度一下，你就知道'
=================================================================================== 1 failed in 3.14s ===================================================================================

這里運行后，打開的web頁面，是一個手機形狀的頁面，仿的是手機瀏覽器(代碼中指定的是iPhone 11 Pro)

持久上下文

它的意思就是打開一個web頁面，會在這個web頁面開多個新標簽頁面去執行測試用例。

例如：我有兩個測試用例需要執行，如果使用持久上下文，就會打開一個web頁面，然后web頁面的第一個標簽頁運行第一個測試用例，第二個標簽頁運行第二個測試用例，直到把所有測試用例運行完了，關閉整個web頁面，結束。

當然，如果你沒有使用持久上下文，那就是打開web頁面執行第一個測試用例，執行完第一個測試用例關閉web頁面，然后再打開web頁面執行第二個測試用例，執行完第二個測試用例關閉web頁面，結束。

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import BrowserType
from typing import Dict

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def context(
    browser_type: BrowserType,
    browser_type_launch_args: Dict,
    browser_context_args: Dict
):
    context = browser_type.launch_persistent_context("./data", **{
        **browser_type_launch_args,
        **browser_context_args,
        "locale": "de-DE",
    })

    yield context

    context.close()

名詞解釋:

./data用戶數據目錄的路徑，它存儲瀏覽器會話數據，如cookie和本地存儲。
browser_type_launch_args如果沒有設置值，返回的就是一個空字典；它里面的參數就是和p.chromium.launch()中的傳參一致的，此處了解下，后面具體介紹。
browser_context_args如果沒有設置值，返回的就是一個空字典；它里面的參數就和context = browser.new_context()中的傳參一致的，此處了解下，后面具體介紹。
locale指定用戶區域設置，例如' en-GB '、' de-DE '等。

命令行運行測試用例:

PS F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases> pytest --headed --browser chromium
================================================================================== test session starts ==================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\project_gitee\Test\playwrightProject\cases
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-
0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                                        

test_baidu_example.py .                                                                                                                                                            [ 50%]
test_example.py .                                                                                                                                                                  [100%]

=================================================================================== 2 passed in 3.12s ===================================================================================

必須知曉問題:

上述文章中的browser_type_launch_args和browser_context_args都是pytest_playwright插件提供的測試夾會話：
展示pytest_playwright插件部分源碼：

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_type_launch_args(pytestconfig: Any) -> Dict:
    launch_options = {}
    headed_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--headed")
    if headed_option:
        launch_options["headless"] = False
    browser_channel_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--browser-channel")
    if browser_channel_option:
        launch_options["channel"] = browser_channel_option
    slowmo_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--slowmo")
    if slowmo_option:
        launch_options["slow_mo"] = slowmo_option
    return launch_options


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_context_args(
    pytestconfig: Any,
    playwright: Playwright,
    device: Optional[str],
) -> Dict:
    context_args = {}
    if device:
        context_args.update(playwright.devices[device])
    base_url = pytestconfig.getoption("--base-url")
    if base_url:
        context_args["base_url"] = base_url

    video_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--video")
    capture_video = video_option in ["on", "retain-on-failure"]
    if capture_video:
        context_args["record_video_dir"] = artifacts_folder.name

    return context_args

以上總結或許能幫助到你，或許幫助不到你，但還是希望能幫助到你，如有疑問、歧義，直接私信留言會及時修正發布；非常期待你的點贊和分享喲，謝謝！

未完，待續…

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文章作者：李鋒｜編輯排版：梁莉莉

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