Playwright是由微軟公司2020年初發布的新一代自動化測試工具，相較於目前最常用的Selenium，它僅用一個API即可自動執行主流瀏覽器(Chromium、Firefox、WebKit)自動化操作。
安裝
(venv) lifeng@apple bin % pip3 install playwright
Collecting playwright
Downloading playwright-1.17.0-py3-none-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl (29.6 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 29.6 MB 26 kB/s
Collecting pyee>=8.0.1
Downloading pyee-8.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
Collecting websockets>=8.1
Downloading websockets-10.1-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (96 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 96 kB 257 kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: greenlet>=1.0.0 in /Users/lifeng/python-virtualenv/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from playwright) (1.1.2)
Installing collected packages: websockets, pyee, playwright
Successfully installed playwright-1.17.0 pyee-8.2.2 websockets-10.1
安裝好playwright庫以后，再安裝相應的瀏覽器：
(venv) lifeng@apple bin % playwright install chromium
Downloading Playwright build of chromium v939194 - 119.9 Mb [=======] 100% 0.0s
Playwright build of chromium v939194 downloaded to /Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/chromium-939194
Downloading Playwright build of ffmpeg v1006 - 1.1 Mb [=============] 100% 0.0s
Playwright build of ffmpeg v1006 downloaded to /Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/ffmpeg-1006
(venv) lifeng@apple bin % playwright install firefox
Downloading Playwright build of firefox v1304 - 71.7 Mb [===========] 100% 0.0s
Playwright build of firefox v1304 downloaded to /Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/firefox-1304
(venv) lifeng@apple bin % playwright install webkit
Downloading Playwright build of webkit v1578 - 54.2 Mb [============] 100% 0.0s
Playwright build of webkit v1578 downloaded to /Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/webkit-1578
Webkit 是一個開放源碼的瀏覽器引擎 (web browser engine) ，基於 WebKit 的瀏覽器產品有：蘋果的 Safari 和 iPhone ， Google 的 Chrome 和 Android ， Nokia 的 S60 ，傲游 3(Maxthon3) ；
用法
安裝后，您可以import在 Python 腳本中使用 Playwright，並啟動 3 種瀏覽器（chromium、firefox和webkit）中的任何一種。
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
# browser = p.webkit.launch()
browser = p.firefox.launch()
# browser = p.chromium.launch()
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")
print(page.title())
browser.close()
Playwright庫 支持 API 的兩種變體：同步和異步。如果您的現代項目使用asyncio，您應該使用 async API：
import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
async def main():
async with async_playwright() as p:
# browser = await p.webkit.launch()
# browser = await p.firefox.launch()
browser = await p.chromium.launch()
page = await browser.new_page()
await page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
print(await page.title())
await browser.close()
兩種運行結果顯示如下：
百度一下，你就知道
Process finished with exit code 0
第一個腳本
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.webkit.launch()
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
page.screenshot(path="example.png")
browser.close()
使用webkit瀏覽器訪問百度，然后進行截圖，圖片名稱命名為example.png。
錄制腳本
(venv) lifeng@apple ~ % playwright codegen baidu.com 最后把錄制視頻的腳本復制下來，放到你的編輯器中去運行即可：
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, sync_playwright
def run(playwright: Playwright) -> None:
browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
context = browser.new_context()
# Open new page
page = context.new_page()
# Go to https://www.baidu.com/
page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
# Click input[name="wd"]
page.click("input[name=\"wd\"]")
# Fill input[name="wd"]
page.fill("input[name=\"wd\"]", "")
# Press CapsLock
page.press("input[name=\"wd\"]", "CapsLock")
# Fill input[name="wd"]
page.fill("input[name=\"wd\"]", "百度百科")
# Press Enter
# with page.expect_navigation(url="https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&fenlei=256&rsv_pq=d14d33e400031dcf&rsv_t=8855fje1bY92gcAswotHpKJo1fjO0owlbzvdv6r4R20TSrzxKJlDNInu2LE&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_sug3=18&rsv_sug1=15&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_sug2=0&rsv_btype=i&prefixsug=%25E7%2599%25BE%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591&rsp=5&inputT=5076&rsv_sug4=5769&rsv_jmp=fail"):
with page.expect_navigation():
page.press("input[name=\"wd\"]", "Enter")
# assert page.url == "https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&fenlei=256&rsv_pq=d14d33e400031dcf&rsv_t=8855fje1bY92gcAswotHpKJo1fjO0owlbzvdv6r4R20TSrzxKJlDNInu2LE&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_sug3=18&rsv_sug1=15&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_sug2=0&rsv_btype=i&prefixsug=%25E7%2599%25BE%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591&rsp=5&inputT=5076&rsv_sug4=5769"
# Click text=百度百科
# with page.expect_navigation(url="https://baike.baidu.com/"):
with page.expect_navigation():
with page.expect_popup() as popup_info:
page.click("text=百度百科")
page1 = popup_info.value
# ---------------------
context.close()
browser.close()
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
run(playwright)
playwright和selenium對比
| playwright | selenium | |
|---|---|---|
| 語言 | 主流語言 | 主流語言 |
| 瀏覽器 | 谷歌/火狐/Webkit | 市場主流瀏覽器(除去套皮瀏覽器) |
| 平台 | 跨平台 | 跨平台 |
| 驅動 | 不需要 | 需要更新驅動 |
| 運行速度 | 快 | 慢一點 |
| 腳本錄制 | 有(強一些) | 有(相對弱一些) |
| 腳本穩定性 | 待測 | 需要加等待機制 |
| 文檔社區 | 較少 | 豐富 |
以上就是初步了解的對比區分，但感覺playwright的前景還可以的，后續會寫一些系列文章，大家共同討論學習。
以上總結或許能幫助到你，或許幫助不到你，但還是希望能幫助到你，如有疑問、歧義，直接私信留言會及時修正發布；非常期待你的點贊和分享喲，謝謝！
未完，待續…
一直都在努力，希望您也是！
微信搜索公眾號：就用python
文章作者：李 鋒，編輯排版：梁莉莉
