流程圖簡介


什么是流程圖? 

流程圖是描述過程、系統或計算機算法的圖表。它們廣泛用於多個領域,以清晰、易於理解的圖表記錄、研究、計划、改進和交流通常復雜的過程。流程圖,有時拼寫為流程圖,使用矩形、橢圓形、菱形和可能的許多其他形狀來定義步驟的類型,並使用連接箭頭來定義流程和順序。它們的范圍可以從簡單的手繪圖表到描繪多個步驟和路線的綜合計算機繪制圖表。如果我們考慮所有各種形式的流程圖,它們是地球上最常見的圖表之一,被眾多領域的技術人員和非技術人員使用。

流程圖是一個圖表,直觀地顯示了通過處理系統的數據流。這意味着通過查看流程圖,可以了解系統中執行的操作以及這些操作的順序。算法只是解決問題的一系列步驟。因此,可以使用流程圖來表示算法。流程圖將描述解決給定問題所需的操作(以及順序)。您可以將流程圖視為解決問題的設計藍圖。

例如,假設你要和你的朋友去野餐,然后你計划你將在那里進行的活動。如果你有一個活動計划,那么你清楚地知道什么時候你會做什么活動。同樣地,當你有一個問題要用計算機解決,或者換句話說,你需要為一個問題編寫一個計算機程序,那么在編寫計算機程序之前畫一個流程圖就好了。流程圖是根據定義的規則繪制的。

流程圖有時會被稱為更專業的名稱,例如Process Flowchart、流程圖、功能流程圖、業務流程映射、業務流程建模和符號 (BPMN) 或流程流程圖 (PFD)。它們與其他流行的圖表相關,例如數據流圖 (DFD) 和統一建模語言 (UML) 活動圖。

 

 

流程圖通常用於繪制程序邏輯圖。圖1所示為一個示例流程圖。此圖表適用於確保輸出為偶數的程序。如果讀取奇數,則增加1;只剩下偶數。這種類型的圖表有助於規划或解釋程序的邏輯細節。此外,流程圖還可用於記錄其他順序計划,例如業務流程。

 

流程圖只是步驟的圖形表示。它按順序顯示步驟,廣泛用於呈現算法、工作流程或流程的流程。通常,流程圖將步驟顯示為各種類型的框,並通過用箭頭連接它們來顯示它們的順序。

流程圖示例

什么是流程圖?

流程圖是步驟的圖形表示。它起源於計算機科學,作為表示算法和編程邏輯的工具,但已擴展到用於所有其他類型的過程。如今,流程圖在顯示信息和輔助推理方面發揮着極其重要的作用。它們幫助我們可視化復雜的過程,或明確問題和任務的結構。流程圖還可用於定義要實施的流程或項目。

流程圖符號

不同的流程圖形狀具有不同的常規含義。一些比較常見的形狀的含義如下:

終結者

終止符代表系統的起點或終點。

流程圖符號:終結者

過程

一個框表示一些特定的操作。

流程圖符號:過程

文檔

這表示打印輸出,例如文檔或報告。

流程圖符號:文檔

決定

菱形代表決策或分支點。從菱形中出來的線條表示不同的可能情況,導致不同的子過程。

流程圖符號:決策

數據

它代表進入或離開系統的信息。輸入可能是來自客戶的訂單。輸出可以是要交付的產品。

流程圖符號:數據

頁面參考

這個符號里面會包含一個字母。它表示流程繼續在同一頁面上其他地方包含相同字母的匹配符號上。

流程圖符號:頁面參考

頁外參考

這個符號里面會包含一個字母。它表示流程繼續在不同頁面上其他地方包含相同字母的匹配符號上。

流程圖符號:離頁參考

延遲或瓶頸

標識延遲或瓶頸。

流程圖符號:延遲

流動

線代表流程的順序和方向的流向。

流程圖符號:流程

 

什么時候繪制流程圖?

使用流程圖有多種好處:

  • 它有助於澄清復雜的過程。
  • 它確定不會為內部或外部客戶增加價值的步驟,包括延遲;不必要的儲存和運輸;不必要的工作、重復和增加的費用;通訊中斷。
  • 它幫助團隊成員獲得對流程的共同理解,並使用這些知識來收集數據、識別問題、集中討論和識別資源。
  • 它是設計新流程的基礎。

 

流程圖示例

下面是幾個流程圖示例。了解如何實際應用流程圖。

流程圖示例 – 醫療服務

這是一個醫院流程圖示例,顯示了如何處理臨床病例。該流程圖大量使用決策形狀來表示替代流程。

流程圖示例:醫療服務

流程圖示例——簡單算法

流程圖也可用於可視化算法,無論其復雜程度如何。下面是一個示例,說明如何使用流程圖來顯示簡單的求和過程。

流程圖示例:簡單算法

流程圖示例 – 計算損益

下面的流程圖示例顯示了如何計算損益。

流程圖示例:計算盈虧

 

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