一 安裝
1、進入存放安裝包位置文件夾
cd /usr/src/
2、查看系統中是否已安裝MySql服務，有兩種方式
rpm -qa | grep mysql
yum list installed | grep mysql
3、如果已存在，則刪除MySql及其依賴項
yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
4、下載 mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm 的 YUM 源
wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
5、安裝 mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
6、安裝 MySql,一路 Y 到底
yum install mysql-server
7、啟動mysql 獲取隨機密碼
安裝完畢后，運行mysql，然后在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中會自動生成一個隨機的密碼，我們需要先取得這個隨機密碼，以用於登錄 MySQL 服務端
service mysqld start
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
將會返回如下內容，末尾字符串就是密碼，把它保存下來
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2ru>oFqj+fHw
8、登錄到 MySQL 服務端並更新用戶 root 的密碼，並給與ip登錄權限。
mysql -u root -p
2ru>oFqj+fHw
登陸后更改密碼(密碼使用了強度驗證，所以需要有一定強度的密碼)
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' identified by '(新密碼)';
flush privileges;
設置用戶 root 可以在任意 IP 下被訪問
grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by '(新密碼)';
設置用戶 root 可以在本地被訪問
grant all privileges on *.* to root@"localhost" identified by '(新密碼)';
然后刷新權限后生效
flush privileges;
這樣環境就搭建完成了。
注意：如果用遠程工具還是連接不上，試試用 iptables -F 命令來清除防火牆中鏈中的規則
9.修改配置表
打開配置表，文件路徑：
vim /etc/my.cnf
設置 MySQL 的字符集為 UTF-8
去除大小寫敏感 my.cnf(/etc/my.cnf)的[mysqld]區段下增加: lower_case_table_names=1
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
重啟MySql后登陸，查看字符集
重啟命令
service mysqld restart
查看字符集命令
show variables like '%character%';
10.MySQL 采用的 TCP/IP 協議傳輸數據，默認端口號為 3306，我們可以通過如下命令查看
netstat -anp | grep 3306
--查看MySql數據庫物理文件存放位置
mysql> show global variables like "%datadir%";
mysql服務常用的幾個命令
service mysqld start; 啟動
service mysqld stop; 停止
service mysqld restart; 重啟
service mysqld status; 查看狀態
systemctl start mysqld
service mysqld stop
service mysqld restart
systemctl status mysqld
二 開啟端口
阿里雲 騰訊雲 需要在安全組添加規則