背景
目前國內信創（信息技術應用創新產業）趨勢發展正猛，借此機會，眾多國內服務器，芯片廠商都推出了國產服務器和國產芯片。同時各大雲計算廠商也推出了信創雲（服務器），但是針對 ARM 和 X86 兩種架構的 CPU 算力，很多人都存在疑問，今天我們就一起來對某主流雲廠商的 ARM 和 X86 架構雲服務器的 CPU 算力進行測試。
工具安裝
sysbench
用於測試 CPU 整型算力。
# 安裝依賴yum install automake libtool gcc -y
# 下載sysbench源碼包wget https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench/archive/1.0.20.tar.gz -O sysbench-1.0.20.tar.gz
# 解壓tar -xvf sysbench-1.0.20.tar.gz
# 執行autogen.shcd sysbench-1.0.20sh autogen.sh
# 生成Makefile./configure --without-mysql
# 編譯並安裝make -j8 && make install
# 查看安裝結果（版本信息）sysbench --version
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Unixbench
用於測試 CPU 浮點數算力。
# 下載wget http://soft.vpser.net/test/unixbench/unixbench-5.1.2.tar.gz
# 解壓tar zxvf unixbench-5.1.2.tar.gz
# 配置如果不需要進行圖形測試或者不在圖形化界面下測試，則將Makefile文件中GRAPHICS_TEST = defined注釋掉
make
# 安裝依賴yum install -y perl
# 執行測試cd unixbench-5.1.2./Run
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執行測試-整型
被測機型規格
被測X86和ARM雲服務器規格都為：8C32G，雲盤2T。
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被測機型 CPU 型號
被測X86雲服務器CPU型號：Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4114 CPU @2.20GHz被測ARM雲服務器CPU型號：Phytium FT-2000+/64 @2.2GHz
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X86
測試 8 線程，20000 內的質數計算能力。Score：2813.42
[root@X86-Performance ~]# sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --threads=8 --time=60 runsysbench 1.0.17 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
Running the test with following options:Number of threads: 8Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime numbers limit: 20000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
CPU speed: events per second: 2813.42
General statistics: total time: 60.0025s total number of events: 168818
Latency (ms): min: 2.82 avg: 2.84 max: 17.52 95th percentile: 2.86 sum: 479885.99
Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 21102.2500/13.03 execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9857/0.01
[root@X86-Performance ~]#
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ARM
測試 8 線程，20000 內的質數計算能力。Score：7077.50
[root@performance-arm ~]# sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --threads=8 --time=60 runsysbench 1.0.20 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
Running the test with following options:Number of threads: 8Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime numbers limit: 20000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
CPU speed: events per second: 7077.50
General statistics: total time: 60.0024s total number of events: 424684
Latency (ms): min: 1.12 avg: 1.13 max: 18.34 95th percentile: 1.14 sum: 479797.10
Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 53085.5000/32.63 execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9746/0.00
[root@performance-arm ~]#
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結果分析
根據測試結果可以得出 ARM 結構的雲服務器算力比 X86 的算力在整型計算能力上高出 2 倍多。
執行測試-浮點數
X86
使用 Unixbench 分別測試單線程和 8 線程 CPU 在 Double-Precision Whetstone 項目中的得分。
1 線程：3946.1 MWIPS
8 線程：31546.4 MWIPS
------------------------------------------------------------------------Benchmark Run: Wed May 19 2021 19:24:55 - 19:53:028 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 33293015.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Double-Precision Whetstone 3946.1 MWIPS (9.8 s, 7 samples)Execl Throughput 984.1 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 466370.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 119865.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1466024.1 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Pipe Throughput 583004.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Pipe-based Context Switching 129953.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Process Creation 3494.1 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 2352.7 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 2701.8 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)System Call Overhead 495048.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEXDhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 33293015.3 2852.9Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3946.1 717.5Execl Throughput 43.0 984.1 228.9File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 466370.4 1177.7File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 119865.0 724.3File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1466024.1 2527.6Pipe Throughput 12440.0 583004.5 468.7Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 129953.0 324.9Process Creation 126.0 3494.1 277.3Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 2352.7 554.9Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 2701.8 4502.9System Call Overhead 15000.0 495048.1 330.0 ========System Benchmarks Index Score 756.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------Benchmark Run: Wed May 19 2021 19:53:02 - 20:21:108 CPUs in system; running 8 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 265277164.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Double-Precision Whetstone 31546.4 MWIPS (9.8 s, 7 samples)Execl Throughput 20901.0 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 871968.8 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 234891.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 2799968.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Pipe Throughput 4642141.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Pipe-based Context Switching 1059963.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Process Creation 55490.3 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 33809.9 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 4641.0 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)System Call Overhead 3522148.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEXDhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 265277164.6 22731.5Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 31546.4 5735.7Execl Throughput 43.0 20901.0 4860.7File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 871968.8 2201.9File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 234891.6 1419.3File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 2799968.7 4827.5Pipe Throughput 12440.0 4642141.4 3731.6Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 1059963.5 2649.9Process Creation 126.0 55490.3 4404.0Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 33809.9 7974.0Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 4641.0 7735.0System Call Overhead 15000.0 3522148.0 2348.1 ========System Benchmarks Index Score 4450.0
[root@X86-Performance unixbench-5.1.2]#
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ARM
使用 Unixbench 分別測試單線程和 8 線程 CPU 在 Double-Precision Whetstone 項目中的得分。
1 線程：3626.3 MWIPS
8 線程：28926.4 MWIPS
------------------------------------------------------------------------Benchmark Run: Wed May 19 2021 18:59:02 - 19:27:088 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 22270696.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Double-Precision Whetstone 3626.3 MWIPS (9.3 s, 7 samples)Execl Throughput 2591.5 lps (29.7 s, 2 samples)File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 402971.9 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 121834.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1069823.2 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Pipe Throughput 730925.1 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Pipe-based Context Switching 101991.7 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Process Creation 5187.1 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 3884.2 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1588.8 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)System Call Overhead 514939.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEXDhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 22270696.0 1908.4Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3626.3 659.3Execl Throughput 43.0 2591.5 602.7File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 402971.9 1017.6File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 121834.3 736.2File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1069823.2 1844.5Pipe Throughput 12440.0 730925.1 587.6Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 101991.7 255.0Process Creation 126.0 5187.1 411.7Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 3884.2 916.1Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 1588.8 2648.0System Call Overhead 15000.0 514939.2 343.3 ========System Benchmarks Index Score 783.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------Benchmark Run: Wed May 19 2021 19:27:08 - 19:55:158 CPUs in system; running 8 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 177048367.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Double-Precision Whetstone 28926.4 MWIPS (9.3 s, 7 samples)Execl Throughput 15952.7 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 598099.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 160373.3 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1793541.5 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Pipe Throughput 5840652.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Pipe-based Context Switching 904721.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)Process Creation 16460.6 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 15821.5 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 2313.4 lpm (60.1 s, 2 samples)System Call Overhead 1259178.2 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEXDhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 177048367.5 15171.2Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 28926.4 5259.3Execl Throughput 43.0 15952.7 3709.9File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 598099.6 1510.4File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 160373.3 969.0File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 1793541.5 3092.3Pipe Throughput 12440.0 5840652.5 4695.1Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 904721.9 2261.8Process Creation 126.0 16460.6 1306.4Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 15821.5 3731.5Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 2313.4 3855.7System Call Overhead 15000.0 1259178.2 839.5 ========System Benchmarks Index Score 2792.1
[root@performance-arm UnixBench]#
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結果分析
根據測試結果得出，在浮點數計算中，ARM 架構的 CPU 算力約為 X86 的 92%，表現還是不錯的。
Tips
為什么 ARM 的整型算力比 X86 高？
因為 ARM 和 X86 的指令集架構不同，ARM 天生在簡單指令處理中就比 X86 快，所以在整型計算中才能大幅領先。
ARM 和 X86 的指令集有什么區別？
針對這個問題，我相信很多人和小編一樣一時無法搞清楚，但是我們都知道 Intel 采用 CISC（復雜指令集），而 ARM 采用 RISC（簡單指令集）。
對於拉屎這個動作，CISC 和 RISC 會向人發送不同的指令。RISC 的指令為：去拉屎吧！而 CISC 的指令為：起身，走到廁所，座上馬桶，脫下褲子，開始拉屎！
ARM 和 X86 版本的軟件一樣嗎？
arm 和 x86 架構的軟件會有所不同，你可以在線或者離線下載，或者從廠家 support 處獲取。
