Docker 打包部署web項目 [Dockerfile方式]

系統環境

IDE: IDEA 2020.2
Linux: WSL2 Ubuntu 20.04
Docker: 20.10.8

參考資料

• 博客園: Dockerfile常用指令介紹
• CSDN: Docker 部署ssm項目
• CSDN: docker部署項目SSM+MYSQL

1. 配置 SpringBoot 項目

1.1 創建 SpringBoot 項目

使用Spring Initializr創建Spring Boot項目作為演示。

示例代碼: pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.bpf</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-web</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <name>spring-boot-web</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

示例代碼: HelloController.java

package com.bpf.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {

        return "Hello, Spring Web!";
    }
}

1.2 maven 打包

在與pom.xml文件同路徑下進行打包。打包后生成的jar包會保存在target目錄下。

mvn clean package -DskipTests

-DskipTests表示跳過測試程序。

1.3 docker 打包

• 創建 docker文件夾
  • mkdir docker
  • cd docker
• 將jar包復制過來
  • cp ../target/*.jar .
• 創建 Dockerfile
  • touch spring_dockerfile

# spring_dockerfile 內容
FROM openjdk:8u312-slim-buster

COPY *.jar /app.jar

EXPOSE 8080

ENTRYPOINT java -jar /app.jar

• 創建鏡像
  • docker build -f spring_dockerfile -t spring-web .
• 運行容器
  • docker run -d --name springweb -p 8081:8080 spring-web

2. 配置 JavaWeb 項目

2.1 創建 JavaWeb 項目

注意點

Docker打包部署JavaWeb項目時，需要在pom.xml中通過webXml標簽指定web.xml的位置；同時需要通過resources標簽告知maven打包時要將xml配置文件包括進去。

示例代碼: pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.bpf</groupId>
    <artifactId>javaweb</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>

        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <webXml>web/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

示例代碼: web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

示例代碼: spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bpf">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
</beans>

示例代碼: springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bpf.controller"></context:component-scan>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

示例代碼: HelloController.java

package com.bpf.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        System.out.println("訪問了 /hello");
        return "Hello, JavaWeb.";
    }
}

2.2 maven 打包

在與pom.xml文件同路徑下進行打包。打包后生成的war包會保存在target目錄下。

mvn clean package -DskipTests

2.3 docker 打包

• 創建 docker文件夾
  • mkdir docker
  • cd docker
• 將war包復制過來
  • cp ../target/*.war .
• 創建 Dockerfile
  • touch javaweb_dockerfile

# javaweb_dockerfile 內容
FROM tomcat:8.5-jdk8

ADD *.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javaweb.war

EXPOSE 8080

ENTRYPOINT catalina.sh run

• 創建鏡像
  • docker build -f javaweb_dockerfile -t java-web .
• 運行容器
  • docker run -d --name javaweb -p 8082:8080 java-web