本篇為第3篇筆記：假設語氣。
一、經典例句
1. If you are free, please help me with my homework.
2. If I were free, I would help you with your homework.
1.1 假設法現在式
3. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
4. I suggest that everyone should help in some way.
=> I suggest that everyone help in some way.
5. I insist that she should consult the doctor.
=> I insist that she consult the doctor.
6. It is important that we be honest.
=> It is important that we should be honest.
=> It is important for us to be honest.
1.2 假設法過去式
7. If I were young, I could enjoy this party.
=> As I am not young, I can't enjoy this party.
8. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a yacht.
=> As I don't have much money, I won't buy a yacht.
1.3 假設法過去完成式
9. If I had known the gossip then, I would have told you.
=> As I didn't known the gossip then, I wouldn't tell you.
10. If our teacher had spoken louder, we wouldn't have dozed off.
=> We wouldn't have dozed off if our teacher had spoken louder.
=> As our teacher didn't speak loud, we dozed off.
=> we dozed off as our teacher didn't speak loud.
11. Suppose you had ten million dollars, what would you like to do first?
=> Supposing you had ten million dollars, what would you like to do first?
12. I will stay here provided the climate agrees with me tomorrow.
=> I will stay here providing the climate agrees with me tomorrow.
13. If I had done my homework yesterday, I would go on a date with her now.
=> As I didn't do my homework yesterday, I don't go on a date with her now.
1.4 假設法未來式
14. If it should rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.
=> If it should rain tomorrow, the game will be put off.
15. If the Pacific Ocean were to dry up, I would change my mind.
=> I never change my mind.
16. If I were a bird, I could fly to you.
=> Were I a bird, I could fly to you.
17. If he had known the truth, he would have told you.
=> Had he known the truth, he would have told you.
18. If it should rain, I would stay at home.
=> Should it rain, I would stay at home.
1.5 其他假設法的表現
19. He talks as if he knew everything.
=> He talks as though he knew everything.
20. She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
=> She looks as though she had seen a ghost.
21. She laughed as if nothing had happened.
=> She laughed as though nothing had happened.
22. I wish I knew Annie's cellular phone number.
=> I'm sorry I don't know Annie's cellular phone number.
23. I wish I hadn't bought such an expensive dress.
=> I'm sorry I bought such an expensive dress then.
24. It's past midnight. It's time the children went to bed.
=> It's time the children went to bed.
=> It's time that the children went to bed.
=> It's time for the children to go to bed.
25. It's about time you apologized to her for what you did.
26. If only I had taken her advice.
27. If only my tooth would stop hurting!
28. It it were not for music, he would not live a moment.
=> Were it not for music, he would not live a moment.
=> Without music, he could not live a moment.
=> But for music, he could not live a moment.
29. If it had not been for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
=> Had it not been for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
=> Without the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
=> But for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
1.6 代替if子句的用法
30. To hear him talk, you would think he knew all about the secret.
=> If you heard him talk, you would think he knew all about the secret.
31. I know he is innocent; otherwise I wouldn't try to save him.
=> If I didn't know he was innocent, I wouldn't try to save him.
32. We hid in the forest; otherwise they would have found us.
=> If we hadn't hidden in the forest, they would have found us.
33. With a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
=> If you had a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
34. Ten years ago, I could have run around this lake within half an hour.
=> If it had been ten years ago, I could have run around this lake within half an hour.
35. The same man, living in this centry, would be a hero.
=> The same man, if he were living in this centry, would be a hero.
36. Seen from a distance, you might look hansome.
=> If you were seen from a distance, you might be hansome.
37. A man of sense wouldn't say such a thing.
=> If he were a man of sense, he wouldn't say such a thing.
38. A secret agent would never tell you his real name.
=> If he were a secret agent, he would never tell you his real name.
二、知識點回顧（對應例句編號）
1. 直述句。
If you are free, please help me with my homework.
2. 假設句。
If I were free, I would help you with your homework.
2.1 假設法現在式
假設語氣重點：
1）時間線
過去完成式 -> 過去式 -> 現在式 -> 未來式
2）事實與假設時態差一級
比如：與現在事實對比，假設語氣就用過去式。
🏁句子中的前后時代要一致，前面現在式，后面也是現在式；
will是表示未來的，但是本身是現在式的動詞。
shall “將要”的意思；
should 助動詞 “應該”的意思
只有should有“應該”的意思。
4. everyone 第三人稱單數，但是后面的help為何不加s？是因為前面省略了“should”，should后面用原形。
5. she consult 一樣的道理，省略了should，所以用的VR。
假設語氣不是只有if語句，比如：
S + 動詞（suggest、demand、insist、agree等類似意思的動詞） + that + 假設法現在式；
It is + 形容詞（necessary、important等） + that + 假設法現在式。
2.2 假設法過去式
🏁句子中的前后時代要一致，前面過去式，后面也是過去式；
8. won't = will not
2.3 假設法過去完成式
know動詞三態：know，knew，known
特別注意四個詞：would/could/should/might。
從屬連接詞 if，可在句前，也可在句中
if在句子中間時，無需逗號分隔；
doze off 打瞌睡。
speak loud. 在事實的敘述中，loud原形更合適，從語氣判斷更適宜些。
在假設語氣中 had spoken louder，比較是和事實比較；
注意：在條件子句中，除了if之外，也可用：
suppose、supposing、suppose that、providing、provided、provided that、as long as、in case、unless等字。
但 unless 通常不用於假設語氣的句子中。
unless用於直述句，if用於假設句；
suppose 假設
in case 萬一
unless 除非
重點：若兩子句的時態不同時，其時態「各自為准」！
2.4 假設法未來式
對未來的假設。
if子句中怎么會有should？ 很特殊，但其實意思也變了，解釋為“萬一”，萬中有一的概率。
were to 指“不可能發生”的假設；
重點：假設句中的If可以省略，形成Were（Had/Should等）+主詞的順序。
2.5 其他假設法的表現
... as if / as though(仿佛；好像) + S + 假設法過去式
... as if / as though(仿佛；好像) + S + 假設法過去完成式
... wish(希望) + S + 假設法過去式
... wish(希望) + S + 假設法過去完成式
It is time + （that）+ S + 假設法過去式
It is about time + （that）+ S + 假設法過去式
It is almost time + （that）+ S + 假設法過去式
It is high time + （that）+ S + 假設法過去式
If only + S + 假設法過去式
If only + S + 假設法過去完成式
注：If only ... 和 I wish ... 在表現上意思差不多。
If it were not for ... => 假設法過去式
If it had not been for ... => 假設法過去完成式
（若沒有...的話）
She look as if she had seen a ghost.
她現在看起來，但見到鬼是在過去，所以與過去事實相反，假設語氣向前推，就用過去完成式。
It is high time you got a job.
你該找份工作了。
what you did
=> the thing that you did
what 作為關系代名詞
in time 及時
on time 准時
2.6 代替if子句的用法
除了連接詞if開始的副詞子句之外，不定詞、副詞片語、分詞構句等有時也有假設的功能。
不定詞更簡潔，假設語氣可通過后半句體現；
在有連接詞的句子中，其中有連接詞的部分是附屬的子句，無連接詞的部分是老大（主句）。
當表述重復想省略主詞等，也是省略子句的主詞等。
eg： If you had a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
=> With a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
with 這里是有的意思。
注：with本身可以是副詞，也可以是介詞。
分詞：{
現在分詞 Ving -> 代表主動
過去分詞 P.P -> 代表被動
注意：分詞不代表現在/過去等時態，只有動詞才代表時態。
}
A man of ... 什么樣的人
A man of sense
A man of ability
A man of power
get over 克服
patient （adj.）有耐性的；（n.）病人
patience （n.）有耐性
Be patient 有耐性一點
Be a good patient 當個聽話的病人
三、例句中文翻譯（參考）
-
如果你有空，請幫我做功課。（表“有幫忙的可能性存在”）
-
如果我有空，我會幫你做功課。（表“我現在沒空，所以無法幫你”之意）
3.1 假設法現在式
-
如果明天下雨的話，我們將取消這次的野餐。
-
我提議每一個人都以某種方式幫忙。
-
我堅持她要去看醫生。
-
誠實對我們而言很重要。
3.2 假設法過去式
-
如果我還年輕，我就能夠樂在派對中。
=> 我現在已經不年輕了，我無法樂在派對中。 -
如果我有很多錢，我就買一艘游艇。
=> 我沒有那么多錢，我無法買游艇。
3.3 假設法過去完成式
-
如果我那時知道那個流言，我早就告訴你了。
-
如果那時我們的老師講課大聲點，我們就不會打瞌睡。
-
假設你有一千萬美金，你會先做什么？
-
如果明天這里氣候適合的話，我就待下來。
-
如果我昨天做完功課的話，我今天就可以和她約會。
3.4 假設法未來式
-
萬一明天下雨的話，比賽將會延期。
-
如果太平洋干涸的話，我會改變心意。
-
如果我是一只鳥，我就能飛向你。
-
如果他知道真相，他會告訴你。
-
萬一下雨的話，我會呆在家。
3.5 其他假設法的表現
-
他說的好像他知道一切。
-
她看起來好像她那時見到鬼了。
-
她那時笑得仿佛之前什么都沒有發生。
-
我希望我知道安妮的手機號碼。
-
我希望那時我沒有買那么貴的洋裝。
-
已經過了午夜了，該是小朋友上床睡覺的時間了。
-
該是你為你的所作所為向她道歉的時候了。
-
但願那時我有接受她的忠告。
-
但願我的牙齒不疼了！
-
若沒有音樂，他一刻也無法生存。
-
若那時沒有塞車，我們就能及時趕上比賽。
3.6 代替if子句的用法
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聽到他說的話，你一定會以為他知道所有的秘密。
-
我知道他是無辜的；否則我不會設法救他。
-
那時我們躲在森林里，否則他們會找到我們。
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如果稍微有點耐性，你就能克服困難。
-
如果在十年前，我繞着這湖水跑一圈只要半個小時就好了。
-
同樣這個人，若生在這世紀，一定是個英雄。
-
稍微遠一點看，你看起來就很帥。
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有知識的人不會這么說的。
-
情報人員是不會告訴你他的真實姓名的。