Java網絡編程之UDP
UDP實現通信非常簡單，沒有服務器，每個都是客戶端，每個客戶端都需要一個發送端口和一個接收端口。一個客戶端向另一個客戶端發送消息時，需要知道對方的IP和接收端口，所用到的類為DatagramSocket。
DatagramSocket socket =new DatagramSocket()，發送端socket，若不指定端口，系統自動分配
DatagramSocket socket =new DatagramSocket("接收信息端口")，接收端socket，需要指定接收端口
若想客戶端之間進行全雙工通信，每個客戶端都要有兩個線程，一個用於發送信息，一個用於接收信息。
那么UDP怎么實現私聊和群聊呢？（在本機一台電腦的情況下實現）
首先私聊，客戶端向另一個客戶端發送消息，就要知道其IP（本機都是固定的localhost）和接收端口，也需要姓名進行標識，所以，每個客戶端都至少要自己的姓名和接收端口，而且端口不可重復，否則會報端口被占用的錯。
其次群聊，由於在本機一台電腦上進行，接收端口各不相同，所以廣播就不行了，此時就希望每個客戶端在啟動的時候，能夠把自己的姓名和接收端口給存起來，然后就可以遍歷進行群聊。
實現：
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第一種，在每個客戶端啟動時，輸入自己的姓名和接收端口，發送信息時，需要輸入對方的接收端口號，如果輸入時輸入了多個端口，就是群發。那么這樣每次發送信息時都要指定對方的端口。。。
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第二種，客戶端啟動時，輸入姓名和接收端口，此時就把數據存起來，發送信息時，只用指定對方姓名即可。。。可用數據庫存，可用文件存，我用的是XML來存。
要創建xml文件，路徑在Operation類中
UdpClient.java:
public class UdpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
User user = new User();
System.out.print("請輸入用戶名》》");
String userName = scanner.next();
if (Operation.userIsExist(userName)) {
//如果此用戶已經注冊過，直接把注冊時用的接收端口分配給他
user = Operation.findUserByName(userName);
}else {
//未注冊，用戶自己指定端口
while(true) {
System.out.println("請輸入接收端口》》");
int port = Integer.parseInt(scanner.next());
if (Operation.portIsExist(port)) {
System.err.println("該端口已被使用，請重新輸入。。。。");
continue;
}else {
user.setName(userName);
user.setPort(port);
Operation.addUser(user);
break;
}
}
}
new Thread(new SendMsg(user)).start();
new Thread(new ReceiveMsg(user)).start();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
發送信息：
public class SendMsg implements Runnable{
private User self = null;
private DatagramSocket socket = null;
private BufferedReader reader = null;
public SendMsg(User self) {
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket();
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
this.self = self;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
String[] msg = reader.readLine().split("@");
if (msg.length != 2) {
System.err.println("注意格式：消息@對方名字（私聊）或all（群聊）");
continue;
}
msg[0] = self.getName()+"說："+msg[0];
byte[] data = msg[0].getBytes();
String toPerson = msg[1];
if (("all").equals(toPerson)) {
//群聊，獲取所有用戶，不管對方在不在線，都發過去
List<User> users = Operation.getUsers();
for(User user:users) {
if (self != user) {
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0,data.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",user.getPort()));
socket.send(packet);
}
}
}else {
//私聊
try {
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0,data.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",Operation.findUserByName(toPerson).getPort()));
socket.send(packet);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("對方不在線。。。");
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
接收消息：
public class ReceiveMsg implements Runnable{
private DatagramSocket socket = null;
public ReceiveMsg(User user) {
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(user.getPort());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
//准備接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[]data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
socket.close();
}
}
操作XML文件類：
public class Operation {
private static String FILE_PATH = "config/user.xml"; //文件目錄
//在xml文件中添加一個用戶信息
public static void addUser(User user)
{
InputStream in = null;
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document doc = null;
try
{
in = new FileInputStream(FILE_PATH);
doc = reader.read(in);
Element root = doc.getRootElement(); //獲取xml根節點，即users節點
Element element = root.addElement("user");
element.addElement("name").addText(user.getName());
element.addElement("port").addText(String.valueOf(user.getPort()));
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(FILE_PATH);
//格式化xml文件
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding("utf-8");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(fos,format);
writer.write(doc);
writer.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println("error");
}
finally
{
try
{
if(in != null)
in.close();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
System.out.println("error");
}
}
}
//列出xml中所有用戶信息
public static List<User> getUsers()
{
InputStream in = null;
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document doc = null;
List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
try
{
in = new FileInputStream(FILE_PATH);
doc = reader.read(in);
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
List<Element> elements = root.elements();
for (Element element : elements)
{
User user = new User();
user.setName(element.elementText("name"));
user.setPort(Integer.valueOf(element.elementText("port")));
users.add(user);
}
}
catch (Exception e1)
{
System.out.println("error");
}
finally
{
try
{
in.close();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
System.out.println("error");
}
}
return users;
}
public static User findUserByName(String name) {
InputStream in = null;
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document doc = null;
try {
in = new FileInputStream(FILE_PATH);
doc = reader.read(in);
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
List<Element> elements = root.elements();
for (Element element : elements)
{
if(name != null && name.equals(element.elementText("name"))) {
User user = new User();
user.setName(name);
user.setPort(Integer.parseInt(element.elementText("port")));
return user;
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static boolean portIsExist(int port) {
InputStream in = null;
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document doc = null;
try {
in = new FileInputStream(FILE_PATH);
doc = reader.read(in);
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
List<Element> elements = root.elements();
for (Element element : elements)
{
if(port == Integer.parseInt(element.elementText("port")))
return true;
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
//判斷某個用戶是否存在該xml中
public static boolean userIsExist(String name)
{
InputStream in = null;
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document doc = null;
try {
in = new FileInputStream(FILE_PATH);
doc = reader.read(in);
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
List<Element> elements = root.elements();
for (Element element : elements)
{
if(name != null && name.equals(element.elementText("name")))
return true;
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
}
用戶實體類：
public class User implements Serializable{
private String name;//姓名
private int port;//接收端口
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", port=" + port + "]";
}
}
運行結果：
