ASP.NET管道處理模型(二)


從上一章中我們知道Http的任何一個請求最終一定是由某一個具體的HttpHandler來處理的,不管是成功還是失敗

而具體是由哪一個HttpHandler來處理,則是由我們的配置文件來指定映射關系:后綴名與處理程序的關系(IHttpHandler---IHttpHandlerFactory)

但是我們都知道在MVC中訪問時並沒有使用什么后綴,而是使用路由去匹配,那這又是怎么回事呢?接下來我們就來談談這件事。

首先我們來看下MVC中到底是由哪個HttpHandler來處理的:

Home 控制器:

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        ViewBag.CurrentHandler = base.HttpContext.CurrentHandler;
        return View();
    }
}

對應的 Index 視圖:

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
}

<h2>
    This is Home/Index View
</h2>
<h1>
   @(ViewBag.CurrentHandler)
</h1>
<hr />

看看此時 HttpContext.CurrentHandler 的輸出結果:

可以看到MVC中使用的HttpHandler是叫【System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler】。

所謂MVC框架,其實就是在Asp.Net管道上擴展的,在PostResolveRequestCache事件擴展了UrlRoutingModule。

會在任何請求進來后,先進行路由匹配,如果匹配上了就指定HttpHandler為MvcHandler,沒有匹配上就還是走原始流程。

那為什么要選擇在PostResolveRequestCache這個事件進行擴展呢?

從圖中我們可以得知在PostResolveRequestCache事件之后就要指定請求該如何處理了,因此我們也就能理解為什么要選擇在PostResolveRequestCache這個事件上面進行MVC擴展了。

下面我們通過反編譯工具來看一下 UrlRoutingModule 這個類:

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace System.Web.Routing
{
    [TypeForwardedFrom("System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=Neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35")]
    public class UrlRoutingModule : IHttpModule
    {
        private static readonly object _contextKey = new object();

        private static readonly object _requestDataKey = new object();

        private RouteCollection _routeCollection;

        public RouteCollection RouteCollection
        {
            get
            {
                if (this._routeCollection == null)
                {
                    this._routeCollection = RouteTable.Routes;
                }
                return this._routeCollection;
            }
            set
            {
                this._routeCollection = value;
            }
        }

        protected virtual void Dispose()
        {
        }

        protected virtual void Init(HttpApplication application)
        {
            if (application.Context.Items[UrlRoutingModule._contextKey] != null)
            {
                return;
            }
            application.Context.Items[UrlRoutingModule._contextKey] = UrlRoutingModule._contextKey;
            application.PostResolveRequestCache += new EventHandler(this.OnApplicationPostResolveRequestCache);
        }

        private void OnApplicationPostResolveRequestCache(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication httpApplication = (HttpApplication)sender;
            HttpContextBase context = new HttpContextWrapper(httpApplication.Context);
            this.PostResolveRequestCache(context);
        }

        [Obsolete("This method is obsolete. Override the Init method to use the PostMapRequestHandler event.")]
        public virtual void PostMapRequestHandler(HttpContextBase context)
        {
        }

        public virtual void PostResolveRequestCache(HttpContextBase context)
        {
            RouteData routeData = this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context);
            if (routeData == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            IRouteHandler routeHandler = routeData.RouteHandler;
            if (routeHandler == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, SR.GetString("UrlRoutingModule_NoRouteHandler"), new object[0]));
            }
            if (routeHandler is StopRoutingHandler)
            {
                return;
            }
            RequestContext requestContext = new RequestContext(context, routeData);
            context.Request.RequestContext = requestContext;
            IHttpHandler httpHandler = routeHandler.GetHttpHandler(requestContext);
            if (httpHandler == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, SR.GetString("UrlRoutingModule_NoHttpHandler"), new object[]
                {
                    routeHandler.GetType()
                }));
            }
            if (!(httpHandler is UrlAuthFailureHandler))
            {
                context.RemapHandler(httpHandler);
                return;
            }
            if (FormsAuthenticationModule.FormsAuthRequired)
            {
                UrlAuthorizationModule.ReportUrlAuthorizationFailure(HttpContext.Current, this);
                return;
            }
            throw new HttpException(401, SR.GetString("Assess_Denied_Description3"));
        }

        void IHttpModule.Dispose()
        {
            this.Dispose();
        }

        void IHttpModule.Init(HttpApplication application)
        {
            this.Init(application);
        }
    }
}

從上面的源碼中我們大概可以知道:

1、首先它是根據HttpContextBase從RouteCollection中獲取RouteData,判斷RouteData是否為空(也就是判斷路由是否匹配上),如果路由匹配失敗則還是走原始的Asp.Net流程,否則就走MVC流程。從中可以知道MVC和WebForm是可以共存的。也能解釋為啥指定后綴請求需要路由的忽略。

2、經過路由匹配得到RouteData,然后使用RouteData獲取RouteHandler,接着再根據RouteHandler獲取HttpHandler,最后將HttpContextBase上下文中的HttpHandler指定為這個HttpHandler。

3、看完下文你就會知道從RouteCollection中獲取的這個RouteHandler其實就是MvcRouteHandler,而最終獲取到的這個HttpHandler其實就是MvcHandler

我們繼續通過反編譯工具 沿着 this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context) 往里找:

// System.Web.Routing.RouteCollection
public RouteData GetRouteData(HttpContextBase httpContext)
{
    if (httpContext == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("httpContext");
    }
    if (httpContext.Request == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(SR.GetString("RouteTable_ContextMissingRequest"), "httpContext");
    }
    if (base.Count == 0)
    {
        return null;
    }
    bool flag = false;
    bool flag2 = false;
    if (!this.RouteExistingFiles)
    {
        flag = this.IsRouteToExistingFile(httpContext);
        flag2 = true;
        if (flag)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }
    using (this.GetReadLock())
    {
        foreach (RouteBase current in this)
        {
            RouteData routeData = current.GetRouteData(httpContext);
            if (routeData != null)
            {
                RouteData result;
                if (!current.RouteExistingFiles)
                {
                    if (!flag2)
                    {
                        flag = this.IsRouteToExistingFile(httpContext);
                    }
                    if (flag)
                    {
                        result = null;
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                result = routeData;
                return result;
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

從此處我們可以發現,它是按照添加順序進行匹配的,第一個吻合的就直接返回,后面的無效。

說到RouteCollection其實我們並不陌生,在路由配置的時候就有用到它:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace AspNetPipeline
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 路由是按照注冊順序進行匹配,遇到第一個吻合的就結束匹配,每個請求只會被一個路由匹配上。
    /// </summary>
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            //忽略路由  正則表達式  {resource}表示變量   a.axd/xxxx   resource=a   pathInfo=xxxx
            //.axd是歷史原因,最開始都是WebForm,請求都是.aspx后綴,IIS根據后綴轉發請求;
            //MVC出現了,沒有后綴,IIS6以及更早版本,打了個補丁,把MVC的請求加上個.axd的后綴,然后這種都轉發到網站
            //新版本的IIS已經不需要了,遇到了就直接忽略,還是走原始流程
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); //該行框架自帶的

            //.log后綴的請求忽略掉,不走MVC流程,而是用我們自定義的CustomHttpHandler處理器來處理
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.log/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

我們將光標移動到MapRoute這個方法,然后按F12查看源碼,可以發現它是來自 RouteCollectionExtensions 這個擴展類,如下所示:

我們通過反編譯工具找到這個類:

我們重點關注其中的MapRoute方法:

/// <summary>Maps the specified URL route and sets default route values, constraints, and namespaces.</summary>
/// <returns>A reference to the mapped route.</returns>
/// <param name="routes">A collection of routes for the application.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the route to map.</param>
/// <param name="url">The URL pattern for the route.</param>
/// <param name="defaults">An object that contains default route values.</param>
/// <param name="constraints">A set of expressions that specify values for the <paramref name="url" /> parameter.</param>
/// <param name="namespaces">A set of namespaces for the application.</param>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">The <paramref name="routes" /> or <paramref name="url" /> parameter is null.</exception>
public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, string[] namespaces)
{
    if (routes == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("routes");
    }
    if (url == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("url");
    }
    Route route = new Route(url, new MvcRouteHandler())
    {
        Defaults = RouteCollectionExtensions.CreateRouteValueDictionaryUncached(defaults),
        Constraints = RouteCollectionExtensions.CreateRouteValueDictionaryUncached(constraints),
        DataTokens = new RouteValueDictionary() };
    ConstraintValidation.Validate(route);
    if (namespaces != null && namespaces.Length != 0)
    {
        route.DataTokens["Namespaces"] = namespaces;
    }
    routes.Add(name, route); return route;
}

private static RouteValueDictionary CreateRouteValueDictionaryUncached(object values)
{
    IDictionary<string, object> dictionary = values as IDictionary<string, object>;
    if (dictionary != null)
    {
        return new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary);
    }
    return TypeHelper.ObjectToDictionaryUncached(values);
}

可以看到RouteCollection字典容器的key就是路由配置中的name,這也就解釋了路由配置中的name為啥需要唯一,另外RouteCollection字典容器的value存的是Route對象(正則規則 + MvcRouteHandler + 其它路由配置信息)。

我們繼續通過反編譯工具找到 MvcRouteHandler,如下所示:

using System;
using System.Web.Mvc.Properties;
using System.Web.Routing;
using System.Web.SessionState;

namespace System.Web.Mvc
{
    /// <summary>Creates an object that implements the IHttpHandler interface and passes the request context to it.</summary>
    public class MvcRouteHandler : IRouteHandler
    {
        private IControllerFactory _controllerFactory;

        /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Web.Mvc.MvcRouteHandler" /> class.</summary>
        public MvcRouteHandler()
        {
        }

        /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Web.Mvc.MvcRouteHandler" /> class using the specified factory controller object.</summary>
        /// <param name="controllerFactory">The controller factory.</param>
        public MvcRouteHandler(IControllerFactory controllerFactory)
        {
            this._controllerFactory = controllerFactory;
        }

        /// <summary>Returns the HTTP handler by using the specified HTTP context.</summary>
        /// <returns>The HTTP handler.</returns>
        /// <param name="requestContext">The request context.</param>
        protected virtual IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
        {
            requestContext.HttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(this.GetSessionStateBehavior(requestContext));
            return new MvcHandler(requestContext);
        }

        /// <summary>Returns the session behavior.</summary>
        /// <returns>The session behavior.</returns>
        /// <param name="requestContext">The request context.</param>
        protected virtual SessionStateBehavior GetSessionStateBehavior(RequestContext requestContext)
        {
            string text = (string)requestContext.RouteData.Values["controller"];
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(MvcResources.MvcRouteHandler_RouteValuesHasNoController);
            }
            return (this._controllerFactory ?? ControllerBuilder.Current.GetControllerFactory()).GetControllerSessionBehavior(requestContext, text);
        }

        /// <summary>Returns the HTTP handler by using the specified request context.</summary>
        /// <returns>The HTTP handler.</returns>
        /// <param name="requestContext">The request context.</param>
        IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
        {
            return this.GetHttpHandler(requestContext);
        }
    }
}

找到其中關鍵方法:

可以發現這個方法的返回值是固定寫死的,就是返回MvcHandler的一個實例。由此我們知道從RouteCollection中獲取的HttpHandler其實就是MvcHandler。

至此,我們對MVC的處理流程應該就有個大概認識了,下面我們通過一張圖來總結一下MVC的處理流程:

既然原理我們都知道了,那下面我們就可以去做一些有用的擴展。

例如:擴展我們的路由。

從上文中我們知道,路由配置其實就是將Route對象添加到RouteCollection字典中,而從反編譯工具中我們可以得知Route的基類是RouteBase:

那下面我們就來自定義一個Route:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 自定義路由
    /// </summary>
    public class CustomRoute : RouteBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 如果是 Chrome/74.0.3729.169 版本,允許正常訪問,否則跳轉提示頁
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="httpContext"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override RouteData GetRouteData(HttpContextBase httpContext)
        {
            //httpContext.Request.Url.AbsoluteUri
            if (httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains("Chrome/74.0.3729.169"))
            {
                return null; //繼續后面的
            }
            else
            {
                RouteData routeData = new RouteData(this, new MvcRouteHandler()); //還是走MVC流程
                routeData.Values.Add("controller", "home");
                routeData.Values.Add("action", "refuse");
                return routeData; //中斷路由匹配
            }
        }

        public override VirtualPathData GetVirtualPath(RequestContext requestContext, RouteValueDictionary values)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

然后將其添加到RouteCollection字典中:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

using AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend;

namespace AspNetPipeline
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 路由是按照注冊順序進行匹配,遇到第一個吻合的就結束匹配,每個請求只會被一個路由匹配上。
    /// </summary>
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            //忽略路由  正則表達式  {resource}表示變量   a.axd/xxxx   resource=a   pathInfo=xxxx
            //.axd是歷史原因,最開始都是WebForm,請求都是.aspx后綴,IIS根據后綴轉發請求;
            //MVC出現了,沒有后綴,IIS6以及更早版本,打了個補丁,把MVC的請求加上個.axd的后綴,然后這種都轉發到網站
            //新版本的IIS已經不需要了,遇到了就直接忽略,還是走原始流程
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); //該行框架自帶的

            //.log后綴的請求忽略掉,不走MVC流程,而是用我們自定義的CustomHttpHandler處理器來處理
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.log/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.Add("chrome", new CustomRoute());

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

最后我們來訪問一下 /home/index 頁面,運行結果如下所示:

仔細觀察后你會發現我們訪問的是 /home/index 頁面,但是此時卻輸出了 /home/refuse 頁面,說明我們的路由擴展成功了。

除了去擴展Route,此外我們也可以去擴展MvcRouteHandler,如下所示:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

using AspNetPipeline.Pipeline;

namespace AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 自定義MvcRouteHandler
    /// </summary>
    public class CustomMvcRouteHandler : MvcRouteHandler
    {
        protected override IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
        {
            //requestContext.HttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(this.GetSessionStateBehavior(requestContext));
            //return new MvcHandler(requestContext);

            return new CustomHttpHandler(); //將MvcHandler替換成自定義的HttpHandler
        }
    }
}

同樣的,我們將其添加到RouteCollection字典中:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

using AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend;

namespace AspNetPipeline
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 路由是按照注冊順序進行匹配,遇到第一個吻合的就結束匹配,每個請求只會被一個路由匹配上。
    /// </summary>
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            //忽略路由  正則表達式  {resource}表示變量   a.axd/xxxx   resource=a   pathInfo=xxxx
            //.axd是歷史原因,最開始都是WebForm,請求都是.aspx后綴,IIS根據后綴轉發請求;
            //MVC出現了,沒有后綴,IIS6以及更早版本,打了個補丁,把MVC的請求加上個.axd的后綴,然后這種都轉發到網站
            //新版本的IIS已經不需要了,遇到了就直接忽略,還是走原始流程
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); //該行框架自帶的

            //.log后綴的請求忽略掉,不走MVC流程,而是用我們自定義的CustomHttpHandler處理器來處理
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.log/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.Add("config", new Route("log/{*pathInfo}", new CustomMvcRouteHandler()));
            routes.Add("chrome", new CustomRoute());

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

最后我們來訪問下 /log/a 運行結果如下所示:

右鍵查看網頁源代碼:

可以發現輸出了我們想要的東西,說明我們的MvcRouteHandler擴展成功了。

小結:

1、擴展自己的Route,寫入RouteCollection,可以自定義規則完成路由。

2、擴展HttpHandle,就可以為所欲為,跳出MVC框架。

至此本文就全部介紹完了,如果覺得對您有所啟發請記得點個贊哦!!!  

 

Demo源碼:

鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Rb4uq0yB_iB3VsonwiCFKw 
提取碼:68r6

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