Nacos實現服務間的調用
前言
之前的文章講訴了Nacos的具體功能，那么有了理論肯定是不夠的，這一次我們來利用Nacos實現簡單的服務之間簡單的調用，對於Nacos不是很了解可以先去看看 【微服務】 Nacos的入門級使用 后端程序猿必經之路。
話不多說，開整開整
工具
IDEA，Nacos客戶端（linux和windows都可以，這里以windows作為講解）
開發流程
Nacos客戶端的啟動
來到Nacos的解壓目錄下，來到bin目錄，雙擊startup.cmd即可
如下圖，則啟動成功
代碼編寫
建立一個maven項目
建立項目
直接使用Idea建立一個maven項目即可，src之類的文件夾不需要留下，只留一個pom.xml即可，如下圖所示，只留下紅色箭頭所指內容即可，其他全部刪除。該maven項目作為總項目，作用就是方便各個子模塊之間的依賴版本統一。
pom.xml內容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xiaow</groupId>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>dependcies</module>
<module>provider</module>
<module>consumer</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.2.5.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<profiles>
<profile>
<!-- 開發環境 -->
<id>dev</id>
<properties>
<env>dev</env>
</properties>
<activation>
<!-- 默認激活該profile節點-->
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources_env/dev</directory>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</profile>
<profile>
<!-- 測試環境 -->
<id>qa</id>
<properties>
<env>qa</env>
</properties>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources_env/qa</directory>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</profile>
<profile>
<!-- 生產環境 -->
<id>online</id>
<properties>
<env>online</env>
</properties>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources_env/online</directory>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</profile>
</profiles>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.xiaow</groupId>
<artifactId>dependcies</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<!--maven倉庫的配置-->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>aliyun-repos</id>
<name>Aliyun Repository</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>sonatype-repos</id>
<name>Sonatype Repository</name>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>sonatype-repos-s</id>
<name>Sonatype Repository</name>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-snapshots</id>
<name>Spring Snapshots</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
建立統一的依賴管理模塊
這個模塊的作用其實就是使得總項目的pom.xml看着整潔一點，並且實現整個項目的依賴管理
也是一樣，建立一個maven的module，只留一個pom.xml即可
內容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<groupId>com.xiaow</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>dependcies</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<spring-cloud-version>Hoxton.SR4</spring-cloud-version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba-version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba-version>
</properties>
<developers>
<developer>
<id>1</id>
<name>xiaow</name>
</developer>
</developers>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba-version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>central</id>
<name>Central Repository</name>
<url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
在主項目的pom.xml中需要在dependencyManagement中將其引入，如下圖所示
到現在為止，我么已經完成了整個環境的搭建。
生產者服務
生產者服務，顧名思義，該服務的作用就是供消費者服務進行消費的，那么類比到服務之間的關系應該叫做調用。
建立一個maven模塊
建立一個maven模塊，這一次要留下src這個文件夾。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<groupId>com.xiaow</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>provider</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<!-- <dependencies>-->
<!-- 配置依賴關系 -->
<dependencies>
<!-- web啟動器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- </dependencies>-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.xiaow.test.Provider8001</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
建立接口供消費者服務調用
這里只是簡單寫了一個接口，返回一個字符串
package com.xiaow.test.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/test")
public String test() {
return "調用成功";
}
}
啟動類配置
在啟動類上加上@EnableDiscoveryClient注解。如下圖所示，這里要注意，建立的maven項目是沒有啟動類的，是需要我們自己手寫的或則復制。
application.yml
這里要配置我們要注冊的nacos的地址
spring:
application:
name: provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: http://192.168.30.1:8848/
server:
port: 8001
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"
最終項目結構
測試是否成功
啟動一下該生產者是否成功注冊到Nacos，來到Nacos的工作台，如下圖所示
觀察到provider已經注冊進來，說明生產者服務已經成功寫好。
消費者服務
和生產者一樣需要建立一個maven的Moudule，這里就不贅述了，我們本次消費者調用生產者服務的方式是openfegin方式。
pom.xml
消費者和生產者的pom文件有一些小小的不同，主要就是在openfegin這里
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<groupId>com.xiaow</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.xiaow.consumer.Consumer9001</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
spring:
application:
name: consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: http://192.168.30.1:8848/
server:
port: 9001
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"
啟動類的配置
需要加入@EnableDiscoveryClient，@EnableFeignClients這兩個注解
package com.xiaow.consumer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class Consumer9001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Consumer9001.class,args);
}
}
調用生產者服務接口的service
這里的service就是可以直接調用生產者的接口，其中@GetMapping("/test")中的/test要與生產者接口的mapping相對應。
package com.xiaow.consumer.service;
import com.xiaow.consumer.service.impl.TestServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
@FeignClient(name = "provider",fallback = TestServiceImpl.class)
public interface TestSerice {
@GetMapping("/test")
public String test();
}
TestServiceImpl實在調用生產者接口出現錯誤時才會被調用，具體使用等以后整合sentinel時在仔細說一下。
package com.xiaow.consumer.service.impl;
import com.xiaow.consumer.service.TestSerice;
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestSerice {
@Override
public String test() {
return null;
}
}
消費者接口
使用controller來調用TestService，從而實現對生產者服務的調用
package com.xiaow.consumer.controller;
import com.xiaow.consumer.service.TestSerice;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class TestController {
@Autowired
TestSerice testSerice;
@GetMapping("/consumertest")
public String consumertest() {
return testSerice.test();
}
}
測試
成功調用，到此，一個基本的nacos使用就完成了
總結
目錄些許有些亂，大家有什么問題可以隨時交流，歡迎各位大佬指點。
整個完整項目已上傳碼雲 有興趣的可以看一下
碼雲地址
