010_Mybatis簡介



Mybatis簡介

什么是 MyBatis?

MyBatis 是一款優秀的持久層框架,它支持自定義 SQL、存儲過程以及高級映射。MyBatis 免除了幾乎所有的 JDBC 代碼以及設置參數和獲取結果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通過簡單的 XML 或注解來配置和映射原始類型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 對象)為數據庫中的記錄。

  • MyBatis 是一款優秀的持久層框架
  • 它支持自定義 SQL、存儲過程以及高級映射。
  • MyBatis 免除了幾乎所有的 JDBC 代碼以及設置參數和獲取結果集的工作。
  • MyBatis 可以通過簡單的 XML 或注解來配置和映射原始類型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 對象)為數據庫中的記錄。
  • MyBatis 本是apache的一個開源項目iBatis, 2010年這個項目由apache software foundation 遷移到了google code,並且改名為MyBatis 。2013年11月遷移到Github

如何獲得Mybatis

  • maven倉庫
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.7</version>
</dependency>

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持久化

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持久層

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為什么需要Mybatis

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第一個Mybatis程序

學習新東西方法:搭建環境-》導入mybatis-》編寫代碼-》測試

搭建環境

建庫建表

CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; 
USE `mybatis`;
CREATE TABLE `mybatis`.`user` ( `id` INT(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '主鍵', `name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '用戶名', `pwd` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '密碼', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=INNODB CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_general_ci; 
DESCRIBE `mybatis`.`user`; 
INSERT INTO `mybatis`.`user` (`id`, `name`, `pwd`) VALUES ('1', 'zhangyq', '123456'); 
INSERT INTO `mybatis`.`user` (`id`, `name`, `pwd`) VALUES ('2', 'zhangsf', '123456'); 
INSERT INTO `mybatis`.`user` (`id`, `name`, `pwd`) VALUES ('3', 'zhangdl', '123456'); 

新建父工程

新建普通maven項目

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刪除src目錄,作為父工程

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導入maven依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <!--父工程-->
    <groupId>com.qing</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-study</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.49</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

創建第一個子模塊

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編寫mybatis的核心配置文件

官網:https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/index.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
    <!--指定默認數據源-->
    <environments default="development">
        <!--數據源-->
        <environment id="development">
            <!--事務管理器-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="123456"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
</configuration>

編寫mybatis工具類,獲取SqlSession

SqlSession 提供了在數據庫執行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。你可以通過 SqlSession 實例來直接執行已映射的 SQL 語句。
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package com.qing.utils;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class MybatisUtils {

    // 構建 SqlSessionFactory 的實例
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    static {
        try {
            String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 獲取 SqlSession
     * @return
     */
    public static SqlSession getSqlSession() {
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }
}

編寫代碼測試

實體類

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接口

package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 接口
 */
public interface UserMapper {

    List<User> getUserList();
}

Mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
    <!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
    <select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
</mapper>

測試

package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

public class UserMapperTest {

    /**
     * 方式一:sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class)
     */
    @Test
    public void test() {
        // 獲取sqlSession
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        // 執行SQL
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
        for (User user : userList) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
        // 關閉sqlSession
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

問題一:Mapper.xml未注冊

org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Type interface com.qing.dao.UserMapper is not known to the MapperRegistry.

	at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperRegistry.getMapper(MapperRegistry.java:47)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration.getMapper(Configuration.java:845)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.getMapper(DefaultSqlSession.java:288)
	at com.qing.dao.UserMapperTest.test(UserMapperTest.java:20)

解決:mybatis-config.xml中注冊Mapper,resource綁定Mapper,必須使用路徑/
image.png

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
    <!--指定默認數據源-->
    <environments default="development">
        <!--數據源-->
        <environment id="development">
            <!--事務管理器-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="123456"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

問題二:Mapper文件編譯后不存在

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
	at com.qing.dao.UserMapperTest.test(UserMapperTest.java:18)
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error building SqlSession.
### The error may exist in com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml
### Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: java.io.IOException: Could not find resource com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml
	at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)

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解決:pom.xml中配置編譯配置
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>mybatis-study</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.qing</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>mybatis-01</artifactId>

    <!--配置resources,防止資源導出失敗問題-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

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問題三:數據庫連接SSL錯誤

org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error querying database.  Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure

The last packet successfully received from the server was 2,729 milliseconds ago.  The last packet sent successfully to the server was 2,715 milliseconds ago.
### The error may exist in com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml
### The error may involve com.qing.dao.UserMapper.getUserList
### The error occurred while executing a query
### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure

Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Path does not chain with any of the trust anchors

Caused by: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Path does not chain with any of the trust anchors

解決:mybatis-config.xml中useSSL=true改為useSSL=false
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
    <!--指定默認數據源-->
    <environments default="development">
        <!--數據源-->
        <environment id="development">
            <!--事務管理器-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="123456"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

測試成功

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CRUD

namespace中的包名要和Mapper接口的包名一致

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
    <!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
    <select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
</mapper>
package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 接口
 */
public interface UserMapper {

    /**
     * 查詢全部用戶
     * @return
     */
    List<User> getUserList();
}

select 選擇,查詢語句

id 對應接口中的方法名

parameterType 對應接口中方法的請求參數

resultType 對應接口中方法的返回值

集合類型寫集合泛型類型

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
    <!--查詢全部用戶-->
    <select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
    <!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
    <!--根據ID查詢用戶-->
    <select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>
package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 接口
 */
public interface UserMapper {

    /**
     * 查詢全部用戶
     * @return
     */
    List<User> getUserList();

    /**
     * 根據ID查詢用戶
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    User getUserById(int id);
}

package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

public class UserMapperTest {

    /**
     * 查詢全部用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserList() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根據ID查詢用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserById() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
            System.out.println(user);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
}

insert/update/delete 增刪改必須提交事務

編寫接口

package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 接口
 */
public interface UserMapper {

    /**
     * 查詢全部用戶
     *
     * @return
     */
    List<User> getUserList();

    /**
     * 根據ID查詢用戶
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    User getUserById(int id);

    /**
     * 新增用戶
     *
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    int insert(User user);

    /**
     * 修改用戶
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    int update(User user);

    /**
     * 刪除用戶
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    int delete(int id);
}

編寫Mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
    <!--查詢全部用戶-->
    <select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
    <!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
    <!--根據ID查詢用戶-->
    <select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
    </select>
    <!--新增用戶-->
    <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        insert into mybatis.user(id,name,pwd) values(#{id},#{name},#{pwd})
    </insert>
    <!--修改用戶-->
    <update id="update" parameterType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        update mybatis.user set name=#{name},pwd=#{pwd} where id=#{id}
    </update>
    <!--刪除用戶-->
    <delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
        delete from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
    </delete>
</mapper>

測試

package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

public class UserMapperTest {

    /**
     * 查詢全部用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserList() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根據ID查詢用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserById() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
            System.out.println(user);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 新增用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void insert() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            User user = new User(4, "張仲景", "123456");
            int rows = mapper.insert(user);
            System.out.println(rows);
            // 提交事務
            sqlSession.commit();
            System.out.println("提交事務");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 修改用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void update() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            User user = new User(4, "張仲景二號", "123456");
            int rows = mapper.update(user);
            System.out.println(rows);
            // 提交事務
            sqlSession.commit();
            System.out.println("提交事務");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 刪除用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void delete() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            int rows = mapper.delete(4);
            System.out.println(rows);
            // 提交事務
            sqlSession.commit();
            System.out.println("提交事務");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
}

Map的應用

Map傳遞參數,用key獲取即可

對象傳遞參數,用屬性獲取即可

只有一個基本類型參數,可以直接獲取,可不寫parameterType

編寫接口

package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 接口
 */
public interface UserMapper {

    /**
     * 通過Map新增用戶
     * @param map
     * @return
     */
    int insertByMap(Map<String,Object> map);

    /**
     * 通過Map查詢用戶
     * @param map
     * @return
     */
    List<User> getByMap(Map<String,Object> map);
}

編寫Mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
    <!--通過Map新增用戶-->
    <insert id="insertByMap" parameterType="map">
        insert into mybatis.user(id,name,pwd) values(#{userId},#{userName},#{password})
    </insert>
    <!--通過Map查詢用戶-->
    <select id="getByMap" parameterType="map" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user where id=#{userId} and name=#{userName}
    </select>
</mapper>

測試

package com.qing.dao;

import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class UserMapperTest {

    /**
     * 通過Map新增用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void insertByMap() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            map.put("userId",4);
            map.put("userName","張仲景");
            map.put("password","123456");
            int rows = mapper.insertByMap(map);
            System.out.println(rows);
            // 提交事務
            sqlSession.commit();
            System.out.println("提交事務");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通過Map查詢用戶
     */
    @Test
    public void getByMap() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            // 獲取sqlSession
            sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            // 執行SQL
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            map.put("userId",4);
            map.put("userName","張仲景");
            List<User> userList = mapper.getByMap(map);
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關閉sqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
}


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