Mybatis簡介
什么是 MyBatis?
MyBatis 是一款優秀的持久層框架,它支持自定義 SQL、存儲過程以及高級映射。MyBatis 免除了幾乎所有的 JDBC 代碼以及設置參數和獲取結果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通過簡單的 XML 或注解來配置和映射原始類型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 對象)為數據庫中的記錄。
- MyBatis 是一款優秀的持久層框架
- 它支持自定義 SQL、存儲過程以及高級映射。
- MyBatis 免除了幾乎所有的 JDBC 代碼以及設置參數和獲取結果集的工作。
- MyBatis 可以通過簡單的 XML 或注解來配置和映射原始類型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 對象)為數據庫中的記錄。
- MyBatis 本是apache的一個開源項目iBatis, 2010年這個項目由apache software foundation 遷移到了google code,並且改名為MyBatis 。2013年11月遷移到Github。
如何獲得Mybatis
- maven倉庫
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.7</version>
</dependency>
- 中文文檔:https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/index.html
- Github:https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3/releases
持久化
持久層
為什么需要Mybatis
第一個Mybatis程序
學習新東西方法:搭建環境-》導入mybatis-》編寫代碼-》測試
搭建環境
建庫建表
CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
USE `mybatis`;
CREATE TABLE `mybatis`.`user` ( `id` INT(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '主鍵', `name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '用戶名', `pwd` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '密碼', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=INNODB CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_general_ci;
DESCRIBE `mybatis`.`user`;
INSERT INTO `mybatis`.`user` (`id`, `name`, `pwd`) VALUES ('1', 'zhangyq', '123456');
INSERT INTO `mybatis`.`user` (`id`, `name`, `pwd`) VALUES ('2', 'zhangsf', '123456');
INSERT INTO `mybatis`.`user` (`id`, `name`, `pwd`) VALUES ('3', 'zhangdl', '123456');
新建父工程
新建普通maven項目
刪除src目錄,作為父工程
導入maven依賴
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!--父工程-->
<groupId>com.qing</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-study</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.49</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
創建第一個子模塊
編寫mybatis的核心配置文件
官網:https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/index.html
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
<!--指定默認數據源-->
<environments default="development">
<!--數據源-->
<environment id="development">
<!--事務管理器-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
編寫mybatis工具類,獲取SqlSession
SqlSession 提供了在數據庫執行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。你可以通過 SqlSession 實例來直接執行已映射的 SQL 語句。
package com.qing.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class MybatisUtils {
// 構建 SqlSessionFactory 的實例
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 獲取 SqlSession
* @return
*/
public static SqlSession getSqlSession() {
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
編寫代碼測試
實體類
接口
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 接口
*/
public interface UserMapper {
List<User> getUserList();
}
Mapper
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
<!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
</mapper>
測試
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperTest {
/**
* 方式一:sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class)
*/
@Test
public void test() {
// 獲取sqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
問題一:Mapper.xml未注冊
org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Type interface com.qing.dao.UserMapper is not known to the MapperRegistry.
at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperRegistry.getMapper(MapperRegistry.java:47)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration.getMapper(Configuration.java:845)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.getMapper(DefaultSqlSession.java:288)
at com.qing.dao.UserMapperTest.test(UserMapperTest.java:20)
解決:mybatis-config.xml中注冊Mapper,resource綁定Mapper,必須使用路徑/
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
<!--指定默認數據源-->
<environments default="development">
<!--數據源-->
<environment id="development">
<!--事務管理器-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
問題二:Mapper文件編譯后不存在
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at com.qing.dao.UserMapperTest.test(UserMapperTest.java:18)
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException:
### Error building SqlSession.
### The error may exist in com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml
### Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: java.io.IOException: Could not find resource com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml
at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)
解決:pom.xml中配置編譯配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>mybatis-study</artifactId>
<groupId>com.qing</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>mybatis-01</artifactId>
<!--配置resources,防止資源導出失敗問題-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
問題三:數據庫連接SSL錯誤
org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException:
### Error querying database. Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure
The last packet successfully received from the server was 2,729 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 2,715 milliseconds ago.
### The error may exist in com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml
### The error may involve com.qing.dao.UserMapper.getUserList
### The error occurred while executing a query
### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Path does not chain with any of the trust anchors
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Path does not chain with any of the trust anchors
解決:mybatis-config.xml中useSSL=true改為useSSL=false
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
<!--指定默認數據源-->
<environments default="development">
<!--數據源-->
<environment id="development">
<!--事務管理器-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/qing/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
測試成功
CRUD
namespace中的包名要和Mapper接口的包名一致
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
<!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
</mapper>
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 接口
*/
public interface UserMapper {
/**
* 查詢全部用戶
* @return
*/
List<User> getUserList();
}
select 選擇,查詢語句
id 對應接口中的方法名
parameterType 對應接口中方法的請求參數
resultType 對應接口中方法的返回值
集合類型寫集合泛型類型
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
<!--查詢全部用戶-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
<!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
<!--根據ID查詢用戶-->
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 接口
*/
public interface UserMapper {
/**
* 查詢全部用戶
* @return
*/
List<User> getUserList();
/**
* 根據ID查詢用戶
* @param id
* @return
*/
User getUserById(int id);
}
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperTest {
/**
* 查詢全部用戶
*/
@Test
public void getUserList() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
/**
* 根據ID查詢用戶
*/
@Test
public void getUserById() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
}
insert/update/delete 增刪改必須提交事務
編寫接口
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 接口
*/
public interface UserMapper {
/**
* 查詢全部用戶
*
* @return
*/
List<User> getUserList();
/**
* 根據ID查詢用戶
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
User getUserById(int id);
/**
* 新增用戶
*
* @param user
* @return
*/
int insert(User user);
/**
* 修改用戶
* @param user
* @return
*/
int update(User user);
/**
* 刪除用戶
* @param id
* @return
*/
int delete(int id);
}
編寫Mapper
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
<!--查詢全部用戶-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
<!--id對應接口的方法,返回值類型對應接口返回值,參數類型對應接口方法參數,集合類型寫集合泛型類型-->
<!--根據ID查詢用戶-->
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</select>
<!--新增用戶-->
<insert id="insert" parameterType="com.qing.pojo.User">
insert into mybatis.user(id,name,pwd) values(#{id},#{name},#{pwd})
</insert>
<!--修改用戶-->
<update id="update" parameterType="com.qing.pojo.User">
update mybatis.user set name=#{name},pwd=#{pwd} where id=#{id}
</update>
<!--刪除用戶-->
<delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</delete>
</mapper>
測試
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperTest {
/**
* 查詢全部用戶
*/
@Test
public void getUserList() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
/**
* 根據ID查詢用戶
*/
@Test
public void getUserById() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
/**
* 新增用戶
*/
@Test
public void insert() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User(4, "張仲景", "123456");
int rows = mapper.insert(user);
System.out.println(rows);
// 提交事務
sqlSession.commit();
System.out.println("提交事務");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
/**
* 修改用戶
*/
@Test
public void update() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User(4, "張仲景二號", "123456");
int rows = mapper.update(user);
System.out.println(rows);
// 提交事務
sqlSession.commit();
System.out.println("提交事務");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
/**
* 刪除用戶
*/
@Test
public void delete() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int rows = mapper.delete(4);
System.out.println(rows);
// 提交事務
sqlSession.commit();
System.out.println("提交事務");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
}
Map的應用
Map傳遞參數,用key獲取即可
對象傳遞參數,用屬性獲取即可
只有一個基本類型參數,可以直接獲取,可不寫parameterType
編寫接口
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 接口
*/
public interface UserMapper {
/**
* 通過Map新增用戶
* @param map
* @return
*/
int insertByMap(Map<String,Object> map);
/**
* 通過Map查詢用戶
* @param map
* @return
*/
List<User> getByMap(Map<String,Object> map);
}
編寫Mapper
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空間綁定一個對應的接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.qing.dao.UserMapper">
<!--通過Map新增用戶-->
<insert id="insertByMap" parameterType="map">
insert into mybatis.user(id,name,pwd) values(#{userId},#{userName},#{password})
</insert>
<!--通過Map查詢用戶-->
<select id="getByMap" parameterType="map" resultType="com.qing.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id=#{userId} and name=#{userName}
</select>
</mapper>
測試
package com.qing.dao;
import com.qing.pojo.User;
import com.qing.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class UserMapperTest {
/**
* 通過Map新增用戶
*/
@Test
public void insertByMap() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("userId",4);
map.put("userName","張仲景");
map.put("password","123456");
int rows = mapper.insertByMap(map);
System.out.println(rows);
// 提交事務
sqlSession.commit();
System.out.println("提交事務");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
/**
* 通過Map查詢用戶
*/
@Test
public void getByMap() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
// 獲取sqlSession
sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// 執行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("userId",4);
map.put("userName","張仲景");
List<User> userList = mapper.getByMap(map);
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
}