ORACLE數據庫日常維護手冊(最全+最實用)

 

 

最近針對ORACLE數據庫日常維護中最實 用的方法全部整理成冊,方便大家參考！！   2021-07-11

 

 

 

 

查看數據庫版本

 

SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

 

查看數據庫語言環境

SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;

 

查看ORACLE實例狀態  

SELECT INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,DATABASE_STATUS FROM V$INSTANCE;

 

查看ORACLE監聽狀態

lsnrctl status

 

查看數據庫歸檔模式

SELECT NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE FROM V$DATABASE;

 

查看回收站中對象

SELECT OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,TYPE FROM RECYCLEBIN;

 

 

清空回收站中對象

PURGE RECYCLEBIN;

 

還原回收站中的對象

 

FLASHBACK TABLE "BIN$GOZUQZ6GS222JZDCCTFLHQ==$0" TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO TEST;

 

 

閃回誤刪除的表

 

FLASHBACK TABLE AAA TO BEFORE DROP; 

 

 

閃回表中記錄到某一時間點 

ALTER TABLE TEST ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT; 
FLASHBACK TABLE TEST TO TIMESTAMP

TO_TIMESTAMP('2009-10-15 21:17:47','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'); 

 

 

查看當前會話 

SELECT SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME,PROGRAM,MACHINE,STATUS FROM V$SESSION;

 

查看DDL鎖 

SELECT *FROM DBA_DDL_LOCKS WHERE OWNER = 'FWYANG';

 

 

檢查等待事件 

SELECT SID, A.USERNAME, EVENT, WAIT_CLASS, T1.SQL_TEXT FROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA T1 WHERE WAIT_CLASS  'Idle' AND A.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID;

 

SELECT SID, A.USERNAME, EVENT, WAIT_CLASS, T1.SQL_TEXT FROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA T1 WHERE WAIT_CLASS  'Idle' AND A.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID;

　　

 

檢查數據文件狀態

SELECT FILE_NAME,STATUS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;

 

 

檢查表空間使用情況

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空間名",

D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空間大小(M)",

D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空間(M)",

TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 

2),

 

'990.99') "使用比",

 

F.TOTAL_BYTES "空閑空間(M)",

 

 

 

F.MAX_BYTES "最大塊(M)"  FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,  ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,  ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES  FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE  GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,  (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,  ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (10http://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/dba9a779825b68483416ac9624 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB  FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD  GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D  WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME  ORDER BY 4 DESC;

 

 

收縮表空間

 

ALTER TABLESPCE TS_AJ_DATA COALESCE;

 

 

增加表空間大小

 

SELECT T.TABLESPACE_NAME, T.FILE_NAME, T.BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024   FROM DBA_DATA_FILES T WHERE T.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'TS_AJ_DATA';

ALTER TABLESPACE TS_AJ_DATA ADD DATAFILE '/DATA/TS_AJ_DATA05_10G.DBF'  SIZE 10000M

AUTOEXTEND OFF;

 

 

 

 

 

 

檢查不起作用的約束

 

SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME, TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, STATUS   FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS WHERE STATUS = 'DISABLE';

 

檢查發生壞塊的數據庫對象

 

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SEGMENT_TYPE, OWNER, SEGMENT_NAME

FROM DBA_EXTENTS 

WHERE FILE_ID =AND  BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID   BLOCKS - 1;

 

檢查無效的數據庫對象 

SELECT OWNER,OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_TYPE 

FROM DBA_OBJECThttp://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/dba9a779825b68483416ac96S 

WHERE STATUS ='INVALID';

 

 

查看語句執行進度 

 

SELECT SE.SID,OPNAME,TRUNC(SOFAR / TOTALWORK * 100, 2) || '%' AS PCT_WORK,ELAPSED_SECONDS ELAPSED,ROUND(ELAPSED_SECONDS * (TOTALWORK - SOFAR) / SOFAR) REMAIN_TIME,   SQL_TEXT 

FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS SL, V$SQLAREA SA, V$SESSION SE  

WHERE SL.SQL_HASH_VALUE = SA.HASH_VALUE AND SL.SID = SE.SID AND SOFAR != TOTALWORK 

ORDER BY START_TIME;

 

 

檢查碎片程度高的表

 

SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME, COUNT(*) EXTENTS 

FROM DBA_SEGMENTS 

WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') 

GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME 

HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*)) FROM DBA_SEGMENTS GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME);

 

檢查表空間的 I/O 比例

 

SELECT DF.TABLESPACE_NAME NAME, DF.FILE_NAME "FILE", F.PHYRDS PYR,F.PHYBLKRD http://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/dba9a779825b68483416ac96PBR,F.PHYWRTS PYW,F.PHYBLKWRT PBW 

FROM V$FILESTAT F, DBA_DATA_FILES DF 

WHERE F.FILE# = DF.FILE_ID 

ORDER BY DF.TABLESPACE_NAME;

 

檢查文件系統的 I/O 比例

 

SELECT SUBSTR(A.FILE#, 1, 2) "#",SUBSTR(A.NAME, 1, 30) "NAME",A.STATUS,A.BYTES,B.PHYRDS,B.PHYWRTS

FROM V$DATAFILE A, V$FILESTAT B

WHERE A.FILE# = B.FILE#;

 

 

 

檢查消耗CPU最高的進程

 

SELECT P.PID PID,
S.SID SID,
P.SPID SPID,
S.USERNAME USERNAME,
S.OSUSER OSNAME,
P.SERIAL# S_#,
P.TERMINAL,
P.PROGRAM PR ,
P.BACKGROUND,
S.STATUS,

RTRIM(SUBSTR(A.SQL_TEXT, 1, 80)) SQLFROM
FROM V$PROCESS P, V$SESSION S, V$SQLAREA A

WHERE P.ADDR = S.PADDR

AND S.SQL_ADDRESS = A.ADDRESS
AND P.SERIAL#= '1';

檢查運行很久的SQL

SELECT USERNAME,
SID,
OPNAME,
ROUND(SOFAR * 100 / TOTALWORK, 0) || '%' AS PROGRESS, TIME_REMAINING, SQL_TEXT 
FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS, V$SQL 
WHERE TIME_REMAINING =0 
AND SQL_ADDRESS = ADDRESS 
AND SQL_HASH_VALUE = HASH_VALUE;

 

等待時間最多的5個系統等待事件的獲取

 

SELECT *FROM 
(SELECT *FROM V$SYSTEM_EVENT WHERE EVENT NOT LIKE 'SQL%'ORDER BY TOTAL_WAITS DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM =1

 

查找前十條性能差的SQL

 

SELECT *

 

FROM (SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS,

 

SORTS,

 

COMMAND_TYPE,

 

DISK_READS, 

SQL_TEXT

 

FROM V$SQLAREA

 

ORDER BY DISK_READS DESC)

 

WHERE ROWNUM =1

 

 

檢查死鎖

 

 

SELECT bs.username "Blocking User", bs.username "DB User",
ws.username "Waiting User", bs.SID "SID", ws.SID "WSID", 
 bs.serial# "Serial#", bs.sql_address "address",
bs.sql_hash_value "Sql hash", bs.program "Blocking App", 
 ws.program "Waiting App", bs.machine "Blocking Machine", 
 ws.machine "Waiting Machine", bs.osuser "Blocking OS User", 
 ws.osuser "Waiting OS User", bs.serial# "Serial#",ws.serial# "WSerial#",
DECODE (wk.TYPE,
'MR', 'Media Recovery',
'RT', 'Redo Thread',
'UN', 'USER Name',
'TX', 'Transaction',
'TM', 'DML',
'UL', 'PL/SQL USER LOCK',
'DX', 'Distributed Xaction',
'CF', 'Control FILE',
'IS', 'Instance State',
'FS', 'FILE SET',
'IR', 'Instance Recovery',
'ST', 'Disk SPACE Transaction',
'TS', 'Temp Segment',
'IV', 'Library Cache Invalidation',
'LS', 'LOG START OR Switch',
'RW', 'ROW Wait',
'SQ', 'Sequence Number',
'TE', 'Extend TABLE',
'TT', 'Temp TABLE',
wk.TYPE
) lock_type,
DECODE (hk.lmode,
0, 'None',
1, 'NULL',
2, 'ROW-S (SS)',
3, 'ROW-X (SX)',
4, 'SHARE',
5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',
6, 'EXCLUSIVE',
TO_CHAR (hk.lmode)
) mode_held,
DECODE (wk.request,
0, 'None',
1, 'NULL',
2, 'ROW-S (SS)',
3, 'ROW-X (SX)',
4, 'SHARE',
5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',
6, 'EXCLUSIVE',
TO_CHAR (wk.request)
) mode_requested,
TO_CHAR (hk.id1) lock_id1, TO_CHAR (hk.id2) lock_id2, DECODE

(hk.BLOCK, 'NOT Blocking', /**//* Not blocking any other processes */
1, 'Blocking', /**//* This lock blocks other processes */
2, 'Global', /**//* This lock is global, so we can't tell */
TO_CHAR (hk.BLOCK)
) blocking_others
FROM v$lock hk, v$session bs, v$lock wk, v$session ws WHERE hk.BLOCK = 1 
AND hk.lmode != 0
AND hk.lmode != 1
AND wk.request != 0
AND wk.TYPE = hk.TYPE
AND wk.id1 = hk.id1
AND wk.id2 = hk.id2
AND hk.SID = bs.SID 
AND wk.SID = ws.SID 
AND (bs.username IS NOT NULL)
AND (bs.username ='SYSTEM')
AND (bs.username = 'SYS')
ORDER BY 1;

 

 

 

查看正在運行的JOB

 

SELECT * FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING;

 

 

 

 

檢查數據庫JOB的完成情況

 

SELECT JOB, LOG_USER, LAST_DATE, NEXT_DATE, WHAT, FAILURES  FROM DBA_JOBS;

 

 

 查看正在運行的JOB對應的SID、SERIAL#、SPID

SELECT A.JOB, B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID

 

FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING A, V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C  WHERE A.SID = B.SID

 

AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR

 

AND JOB = '21';

 

 

通過SID查詢SERIAL#、SPID 

SELECT B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID   FROM V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C  WHERE B.SID = '554' AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR;

 

停止會話 --SID:554 SERIAL#:1134 SPID:23242 ORACLE級別

 

ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '554,1134'; 操作系統級別

 

kill -9 23242