使用Python導出Excel圖表以及導出為圖片的方法

本篇講下如何使用純python代碼將excel 中的圖表導出為圖片。這里需要使用的模塊有win32com、pythoncom模塊。

網上經查詢有人已經寫好的模塊pyxlchart，具體代碼如下：

    from win32com.client import Dispatch
    import os
    import pythoncom
    class Pyxlchart(object):
     """
     This class exports charts in an Excel Spreadsheet to the FileSystem
     win32com libraries are required.
     """
     def __init__(self):
      pythoncom.CoInitialize()
      self.WorkbookDirectory = ''
      self.WorkbookFilename = ''
      self.GetAllWorkbooks = False
      self.SheetName = ''
      self.ChartName = ''
      self.GetAllWorkbookCharts = False
      self.GetAllWorksheetCharts = False
      self.ExportPath = ''
      self.ImageFilename = ''
      self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar = '_'
      self.ImageType = 'jpg'
     def __del__(self):
      pass
     def start_export(self):
      if self.WorkbookDirectory == '':
       return "WorkbookDirectory not set"
      else:
       self._export()
     def _export(self):
      """
      Exports Charts as determined by the settings in class variabels.
      """
      excel = Dispatch("excel.application")
      excel.Visible = False
      wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(os.path.join(self.WorkbookDirectory ,self.WorkbookFilename))
      self._get_Charts_In_Worksheet(wb,self.SheetName,self.ChartName)
      wb.Close(False)
      excel.Quit()
     def _get_Charts_In_Worksheet(self,wb,worksheet = "", chartname = ""):
      if worksheet != "" and chartname != "":
       sht = self._change_sheet(wb,worksheet)
       cht = sht.ChartObjects(chartname)
       self._save_chart(cht)
       return
      if worksheet == "":
       for sht in wb.Worksheets:
        for cht in sht.ChartObjects():
         if chartname == "":
          self._save_chart(cht)
         else:
          if chartname == cht.Name:
           self._save_chart(cht)
      else:
       sht = wb.Worksheets(worksheet)
       for cht in sht.ChartObjects():
        if chartname == "":
         self._save_chart(cht)
        else:
         if chartname == cht.Name:
          self._save_chart(cht)
     def _change_sheet(self,wb,worksheet):
      try:
       return wb.Worksheets(worksheet)
      except:
       raise NameError('Unable to Select Sheet: ' + worksheet + ' in Workbook: ' + wb.Name)
     def _save_chart(self,chartObject):
      imagename = self._get_filename(chartObject.Name)
      savepath = os.path.join(self.ExportPath,imagename)
      print savepath
      chartObject.Chart.Export(savepath,self.ImageType)
     def _get_filename(self,chartname):
      """
      Replaces white space in self.WorkbookFileName with the value given in self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar
      If self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar is an empty string then self.WorkBookFileName is left as is
      """
      if self.ImageFilename == '':
       self.ImageFilename == chartname
      if self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar != '':
       chartname.replace(' ',self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar)
      if self.ImageFilename != "":
       return self.ImageFilename + "_" + chartname + "." + self.ImageType
      else:
       return chartname + '.' + self.ImageType
    if __name__ == "__main__":
     xl = Pyxlchart()
     xl.WorkbookDirectory = "\\\\maawtns01\\discipline\\procurement\\MATERIEL\\Raw Material\\Data Management\\Hawk"
     xl.WorkbookFilename = "Hawk Workability KPI.xlsm"
     xl.SheetName = ""
     xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"
     xl.ExportPath = "d:\\pycharts"
     xl.ChartName = ""
     xl.start_export()
     print "This file does not currently allow direct access"
     print "Please import PyXLChart and run start_export()"
    

這里還使用Excel vba將chart另存為圖片篇中創建的chart_column.xlsx表，使用上面的模塊的方法如下：

    from pyxlchart import Pyxlchart
    xl = Pyxlchart()
    xl.WorkbookDirectory = "D:\\"
    xl.WorkbookFilename = "chart_column.xlsx"
    xl.SheetName = ""
    #xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"
    xl.ExportPath = "d:\\"
    xl.ChartName = ""
    xl.start_export()
    

由於有該表里有多張圖表，所以上面未指定xl.ImageFilename ，使用示例如下：

**Excel vba將chart另存為圖片
** python下使用xlswriter模塊，可以輕松在excel 中創建圖片，不過想實現將生成的chart圖表導出為圖片，在email 中導入圖片的目標
。經網上查詢未找到通過python代碼將excel 中已經生成的圖片導出為圖片的方法，不過通過變通方法，使用excel 內的vba 宏卻可以輕松將圖片導出。

1、導出單張圖片

python 創建chart圖片代碼：

    #coding: utf-8
    import xlsxwriter
    import random
    def get_num():
     return random.randrange(0, 201, 2)
    workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('analyse_spider.xlsx') #創建一個Excel文件
    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() #創建一個工作表對象
    chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'}) #創建一個圖表對象
    #定義數據表頭列表
    title = [u'業務名稱',u'星期一',u'星期二',u'星期三',u'星期四',u'星期五',u'星期六',u'星期日',u'平均流量']
    buname= [u'運維之路',u'就要IT',u'baidu.com',u'361way.com',u'91it.org'] #定義頻道名稱
    #定義5頻道一周7天流量數據列表
    data = []
    for i in range(5):
     tmp = []
     for j in range(7):
      tmp.append(get_num())
     data.append(tmp)
    format=workbook.add_format() #定義format格式對象
    format.set_border(1) #定義format對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式
    format_title=workbook.add_format() #定義format_title格式對象
    format_title.set_border(1) #定義format_title對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式
    format_title.set_bg_color('#cccccc') #定義format_title對象單元格背景顏色為
              #'#cccccc'的格式
    format_title.set_align('center') #定義format_title對象單元格居中對齊的格式
    format_title.set_bold() #定義format_title對象單元格內容加粗的格式
    format_ave=workbook.add_format() #定義format_ave格式對象
    format_ave.set_border(1) #定義format_ave對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式
    format_ave.set_num_format('0.00') #定義format_ave對象單元格數字類別顯示格式
    #下面分別以行或列寫入方式將標題、業務名稱、流量數據寫入起初單元格，同時引用不同格式對象
    worksheet.write_row('A1',title,format_title)
    worksheet.write_column('A2', buname,format)
    worksheet.write_row('B2', data[0],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B3', data[1],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B4', data[2],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B5', data[3],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B6', data[4],format)
    #定義圖表數據系列函數
    def chart_series(cur_row):
     worksheet.write_formula('I'+cur_row, \
      '=AVERAGE(B'+cur_row+':H'+cur_row+')',format_ave) #計算（AVERAGE函數）頻
                   #道周平均流量
     chart.add_series({
      'categories': '=Sheet1!$B$1:$H$1', #將“星期一至星期日”作為圖表數據標簽(X軸)
      'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$'+cur_row+':$H$'+cur_row, #頻道一周所有數據作
                    #為數據區域
      'line':  {'color': 'black'}, #線條顏色定義為black(黑色)
      'name': '=Sheet1!$A$'+cur_row, #引用業務名稱為圖例項
     })
    for row in range(2, 7): #數據域以第2～6行進行圖表數據系列函數調用
     chart_series(str(row))
    chart.set_size({'width': 577, 'height': 287}) #設置圖表大小
    chart.set_title ({'name': u'爬蟲分析'}) #設置圖表（上方）大標題
    chart.set_y_axis({'name': 'count'}) #設置y軸（左側）小標題
    worksheet.insert_chart('A8', chart) #在A8單元格插入圖表
    workbook.close() #關閉Excel文檔
    

由於這里只有一張圖片，通過vba 代碼很容易生成圖片 。方法為，打開該excel 圖表，通過alt + F11
快捷鍵打開宏編輯界面；打開VB編輯器的立即窗口：”視圖“-”立即窗口“，或者使用快捷鍵"Ctrl + G" ，接着輸入如下代碼

    activesheet.ChartObjects(1).Chart.Export "C:\chart.png"
    

按 " Enter " 鍵后，會在C盤生成上面的生成的chart圖表。

二、導出多張圖表

python代碼如下：

    #coding: utf-8
    import xlsxwriter
    workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_column.xlsx')
    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
    bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
    # 這是個數據table的列
    headings = ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2']
    data = [
     [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
     [10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
     [30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
    ]
    worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
    worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
    worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
    worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
    ############################################
    #創建一個圖表，類型是column
    chart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
    # 配置series,這個和前面wordsheet是有關系的。
    chart1.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
    })
    # Configure a second series. Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.
    chart1.add_series({
     'name':  ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
     'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
     'values':  ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],
    })
    # Add a chart title and some axis labels.
    chart1.set_title ({'name': 'Results of sample analysis'})
    chart1.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
    chart1.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
    # Set an Excel chart style.
    chart1.set_style(11)
    # Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
    worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart1, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
    #######################################################################
    #
    # Create a stacked chart sub-type.
    #
    chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'stacked'})
    # Configure the first series.
    chart2.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
    })
    # Configure second series.
    chart2.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
    })
    # Add a chart title and some axis labels.
    chart2.set_title ({'name': 'Stacked Chart'})
    chart2.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
    chart2.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
    # Set an Excel chart style.
    chart2.set_style(12)
    # Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
    worksheet.insert_chart('D18', chart2, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
    #######################################################################
    #
    # Create a percentage stacked chart sub-type.
    #
    chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'percent_stacked'})
    # Configure the first series.
    chart3.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
    })
    # Configure second series.
    chart3.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
    })
    # Add a chart title and some axis labels.
    chart3.set_title ({'name': 'Percent Stacked Chart'})
    chart3.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
    chart3.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
    # Set an Excel chart style.
    chart3.set_style(13)
    # Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
    worksheet.insert_chart('D34', chart3, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
    workbook.close()
    

同一數據源上面創建了三種類型的圖 ，由於有三張圖，上面的導出一張圖的方法肯定是不行了，這里打開宏，創建如下宏內容：

    Sub exportimg()
    Dim XlsChart As ChartObject
    For Each XlsChart In Worksheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects
     XlsChart.Chart.Export Filename:="C:\" & XlsChart.Name & ".jpg", FilterName:="JPG"
    Next
    End Sub
    

該示例這里就不再截圖，具體可以自行運行。